Transcultural adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese and reliability of the effort-reward imbalance in household and family work

Vasconcellos, Ilmeire Ramos Rosembach de; Griep, Rosane Härter; Portela, Luciana; Alves, Márcia Guimarães de Mello; Rotenberg, Lúcia

doi:10.1590/S1518-8787.2016050006138

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

Original Article • Rev. Saúde Pública 50 • 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1518-8787.2016050006138 copy

Transcultural adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese and reliability of the effort-reward imbalance in household and family work

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE

To describe the steps in the transcultural adaptation of the scale in the Effort-reward imbalance model to household and family work to the Brazilian context.

METHODS

We performed the translation, back-translation, and initial psychometric evaluation of the questionnaire that comprised three dimensions: (i) effort (eight items, emphasizing quantitative workload), (ii) reward (11 items that seek to capture the intrinsic value of family and household work, societal esteem, recognition from the spouse/partner, and affection from the children), and (iii) overcommitment (four items related to intrinsic effort). The scale was included in a sectional study conducted with 1,045 nursing workers. A subsample of 222 subjects answered the questionnaire for a second time, seven to 15 days thereafter. The data were collected between October 2012 and May 2013. The internal consistency of the scale was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest reliability analysis, square weighted kappa, prevalence and bias adjusted Kappa, and intraclass correlation coefficient.

RESULTS

Prevalence and bias-adjusted Kappa (k_a) of the scale dimensions ranged from 0.80-0.83 for overcommitment, 0.78-0.90 for effort, and 0.76-0.93 for reward. In most dimensions, the values of minimum and maximum scores, average, standard deviation, and Cronbach’s alpha were similar in test and retest scores. Only on societal esteem subdimension (reward) was there little variation in standard deviation (test score of 2.24 and retest score of 3.36) and in Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (test score of 0.38 and retest score of 0.59).

CONCLUSIONS

The Brazilian version of the scale was found to have proper reliability indices regarding time stability, which suggests adapting it to be used in population with characteristics that are similar to the one in this study.

Homemaker Services; Evaluation, methods; Questionnaires; Translations; Reproducibility of Results; Validation Studies

Domestic ERI	Original English version	Final Portuguese version
Overcommitment	1. From the moment I wake up in the morning, I often begin to worry about household and family work that needs to be completed.	1. Desde que eu acordo eu começo a me preocupar com o trabalho doméstico e familiar que preciso fazer.
	2. I constantly think about my responsibilities at home, and I’m still preoccupied with them in the evening.	2. Eu penso constantemente nas minhas responsabilidades domésticas e continuo preocupada com elas à noite.
	3. I easily run into time pressures in my household and family work.	3. Eu facilmente estou sujeita à pressão do tempo no trabalho doméstico e familiar.
	4. If I postpone something that I really should have finished today, I have trouble sleeping at night.	4. Eu tenho dificuldade para dormir se eu adiar algo que deveria ter terminado naquele dia.
Effort	1. Frequently there is great time pressure due to the many tasks in household and for my family.	1. Frequentemente existe uma grande pressão de tempo por conta das muitas tarefas domésticas e familiares.
	2. I am frequently interrupted and disturbed in my activities in the household and for my family.	2. Eu sou frequentemente interrompida e incomodada nas minhas atividades domésticas e familiares.
	3. Often I feel as never being off duty.	3. Muitas vezes eu sinto como se nunca tivesse folga.
	4. I would need more hours in the day in order to accomplish all my household and family work.	4. Eu precisaria de mais horas no dia para concluir todo o meu trabalho doméstico e familiar.
	5. Over the last years, my household and family work have become more extensive.	5. Nos últimos anos, meu trabalho doméstico e familiar tem aumentado.
	6. In household and family work, I often have the feeling of having to accomplish ‘a thousand things’ all at the same time.	6. Muitas vezes eu tenho a sensação de ter que fazer “mil coisas” ao mesmo tempo no trabalho doméstico e familiar.
	7. I often feel overwhelmed by the large number of household and family responsibilities.	7. Muitas vezes eu me sinto sobrecarregada pelo grande número de responsabilidades domésticas e familiares.
	8. I hardly get a moment’s rest during the day because of the many demands placed on me by the household and my family.	8. É difícil eu ter um momento de descanso durante o dia, por conta das muitas demandas domésticas e familiares.
Reward	Intrinsic value 1. I feel that overall, household and family work are worth the effort.	Valor intrínseco 1. Em geral, eu sinto que o esforço no trabalho doméstico e familiar vale a pena.
	2. I often question the meaning of household and family work, since I have to start all over again every day.	2. Eu frequentemente questiono o sentido do trabalho doméstico e familiar, já que tenho que começar tudo de novo a cada dia.
	3. The work I do for my family provides a deeper meaning to my life.	3. O trabalho que eu faço para a minha família dá um significado mais profundo à minha vida.
	Societal esteem 4. In my interactions with other people, I often have the experience that the roles of housewife and mother are poorly recognized and appreciated.	Estima social 4. Quando me relaciono com outras pessoas, muitas vezes sinto que os papéis de dona de casa e de mãe são pouco reconhecidos e valorizados.
	5. Nowadays, a person is regarded disapprovingly if he/she is ‘only’ involved in household and family work.	5. Hoje em dia, uma pessoa é vista com desaprovação se estiver envolvida apenas com o trabalho doméstico e familiar.
	6. The fact that household and family work are unpaid seems unjust to me.	6. Eu acho injusto o trabalho doméstico e familiar não serem remunerados.
	Recognition from the partner 7. I usually obtain an appropriate level of recognition and appreciation from my partner for my work at home.	Reconhecimento do parceiro 7. Meu parceiro dá o devido reconhecimento e valor pelo meu trabalho em casa.
	8. Often my partner does not notice my work in the household and for the family.	8. Muitas vezes meu parceiro não enxerga o meu trabalho doméstico e familiar.
	9. My partner often thanks me for my work at home.	9. Meu parceiro geralmente agradece pelo meu trabalho em casa.
	Affection from the children 10. From my child/children I usually feel the appreciation and affection that I would wish for.	Reconhecimento dos filhos 10. Meus filhos me dão o valor e o afeto que eu gostaria de receber.
	11. I receive a great deal in return from my children/child for my efforts at home.	11. Meus filhos reconhecem o meu esforço em casa.

Sociodemographic and occupational characteristics	Sectional study		Test-retest reliability study

	n	%	n	%
Age (in years)
Mean (SD)	44.3 (11.2)	-	45.3 (11.7)	-
Variation	25-69	-	26-69	-
Education level
Elementary education	29	2.8	7	3.2
High school education	358	34.3	90	40.5
College education	658	63.0	125	56.3
Per capita income in minimum monthly wages*
Up to two minimum monthly wages	338	32.3	75	33.8
Between two and four minimum monthly wages	456	43.6	93	41.9
Over four minimum monthly wages	237	22.7	52	23.4
No information	14	1.4	2	0.9
Marital status
Married or common-law marriage	582	55.7	121	54.5
Separated or divorced	162	15.5	25	11.2
Widow	35	3.3	11	5.0
Single	266	25.5	65	29.3
Children under the age of 6 living with you
Yes	235	22.5	48	21.6
No	806	77.1	174	78.4
No information	4	0.4	-	-
Job
Nurse	360	34.4	78	35.1
Technician	152	14.5	32	14.4
Auxiliary	533	51.0	112	50.5
Time dedicated to domestic duties over the last week (in hours)
Mean (SD)	22.7 (17.3)	-	24.5 (18.5)	-
Variation	20-106	-	0.5-102	-
No information	43	-	11	-
Time dedicated to professional duties over the last week (in hours)
Mean (SD)	35.0 (15.9)	-	33.5 (17.7)	-
Variation	4-105	-	6-72	-
No information	28	-	5	-

Domestic ERI	Items	Square weighted kappa	95%CI	PABAK
Overcommitment	1. From the moment I wake up in the morning, I often begin to worry about household and family work that needs to be completed.	0.65	0.56–0.74	0.82
	2. I constantly think about my responsibilities at home, and I’m still preoccupied with them in the evening.	0.65	0.56–0.74	0.80
	3. I easily run into time pressures in my household and family work.	0.71	0.63–0.78	0.83
	4. If I postpone something that I really should have finished today, I have trouble sleeping at night.	0.68	0.59–0.77	0.81
Effort	1. Frequently there is great time pressure due to the many tasks in household and for my family.	0.72	0.65–0.80	0.84
	2. I am frequently interrupted and disturbed in my activities in the household and for my family.	0.68	0.60–0.76	0.84
	3. Often I feel as never being off duty.	0.66	0.56–0.75	0.80
	4. I would need more hours in the day in order to accomplish all my household and family work.	0.64	0.55–0.74	0.78
	5. Over the last years, my household and family work have become more extensive.	0.80	0.75–0.86	0.88
	6. In household and family work, I often have the feeling of having to accomplish ‘a thousand things’ all at the same time.	0.73	0.66–0.80	0.84
	7. I often feel overwhelmed by the large number of household and family responsibilities.	0.77	0.71–0.84	0.90
	8. I hardly get a moment’s rest during the day because of the many demands placed on me by the household and my family	0.74	0.66–0.82	0.84
Reward	Intrinsic value 1. I feel that overall, household and family work are worth the effort	0.54	0.43–0.66	0.84
	2. I often question the meaning of household and family work, since I have to start all over again every day.	0.53	0.43–0.64	0.76
	3. The work I do for my family provides a deeper meaning to my life.	0.58	0.47–0.69	0.85
	Societal esteem 4. In my interactions with other people, I often have the experience that the roles of housewife and mother are poorly recognized and appreciated.	0.53	0.42–0.63	0.76
	5. Nowadays, a person is regarded disapprovingly if he/she is ‘only’ involved in household and family work.	0.55	0.44–0.65	0.76
	6. The fact that household and family work are unpaid seems unjust to me.	0.71	0.62–0.79	0.83
	Recognition from the partner 7. I usually obtain an appropriate level of recognition and appreciation from my partner for my work at home.	0.81	0.73–0.90	0.93
	8. Often my partner does not notice my work in the household and for the family.	0.67	0.55–0.79	0.83
	9. My partner often thanks me for my work at home.	0.62	0.47–0.77	0.83
	Affection from the children 10. From my child/children I usually feel the appreciation and affection that I would wish for.	0.39	0.23–0.56	0.81
	11. I receive a great deal in return from my children/child for my efforts at home.	0.65	0.52–0.78	0.88

Dimensions	no. of items	Test				Retest				ICCC	95%CI

Domestic ERI		Score (Min and Max)	Average Score	SD	Cronbach’s alpha	Score (Min and Max)	Average Score	SD	Cronbach’s alpha
Overcommitment
	4	4-16	9.7	3.5	0.76	4-16	10.05	3.5	0.79	0.89	0.86–0.92
Effort	8	8-32	20.0	7.4	0.93	8-32	20.5	7.6	0.93	0.93	0.91–0.95
Global reward	11	6-39	24.4	5.7	0.76	6-38	24.8	5.6	0.76	0.93	0.91–0.94
Reward dimensions
Intrinsic value	3	3-12	6.38	1.87	0.32	3-12	6.38	1.69	0.39	0.78	0.72–0.87
Societal esteem	3	3-12	8.10	2.24	0.38	3-12	8.60	3.36	0.59	0.79	0.73–0.84
Recognition from the partner	3	3-12	6.29	2.65	0.82	3-12	6.53	2.42	0.76	0.88	0.83–0.92
Affection from the children	2	2-7	3.37	1.32	0.55	2-7	3.62	1.58	0.61	0.87	0.84–0.90

Domestic ERI	Item	Cronbach’s alpha of the dimension	Cronbach’s alpha of the dimension and removed item
Overcommitment	1. From the moment I wake up in the morning, I often begin to worry about household and family work that needs to be completed.	0.80	0.76
	2. I constantly think about my responsibilities at home, and I’m still preoccupied with them in the evening.		0.70
	3. I easily run into time pressures in my household and family work.		0.72
	4. If I postpone something that I really should have finished today, I have trouble sleeping at night.		0.83
Effort	1. Frequently there is great time pressure due to the many tasks in household and for my family.	0.93	0.92
	2. I am frequently interrupted and disturbed in my activities in the household and for my family.		0.93
	3. Often I feel as never being off duty.		0.92
	4. I would need more hours in the day in order to accomplish all my household and family work.		0.92
	5. Over the last years, my household and family work have become more extensive.		0.92
	6. In household and family work, I often have the feeling of having to accomplish ‘a thousand things’ all at the same time.		0.91
	7. I often feel overwhelmed by the large number of household and family responsibilities.		0.92
	8. I hardly get a moment’s rest during the day because of the many demands placed on me by the household and my family		0.93
Reward	Intrinsic value 1. I feel that overall, household and family work are worth the effort.	0.45	0.24
	2. I often question the meaning of household and family work, since I have to start all over again every day.		0.57
	3. The work I do for my family provides a deeper meaning to my life.		0.25
	Societal esteem 4. In my interactions with other people, I often have the experience that the roles of housewife and mother are poorly recognized and appreciated.	0.40	0.22
	5. Nowadays, a person is regarded disapprovingly if he/she is ‘only’ involved in household and family work.		0.33
	6. The fact that household and family work are unpaid seems unjust to me.		0.37
	Recognition from the partner 7. I usually obtain an appropriate level of recognition and appreciation from my partner for my work at home.	0.84	0.74
	8. Often my partner does not notice my work in the household and for the family.		0.80
	9. My partner often thanks me for my work at home.		0.80
	Affection from the children* 10. From my child/children I usually feel the appreciation and affection that I would wish for.	0.72	-
	11. I receive a great deal in return from my children/child for my efforts at home.		-

Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 715, 01246-904 São Paulo SP Brazil, Tel./Fax: +55 11 3061-7985 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revsp@usp.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] Correspondence
: Ilmeire Ramos Rosembach de Vasconcellos. Rua Rodolfo Dantas, 87 Apto 703 Copacabana. 22020-040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. E-mail: ilmeiredevasconcellos@gmail.com