Physical activity in the rural population of Pelotas, Brazil: prevalence and associated factors

Martins, Rafaela Costa; Silva, Inácio Crochemore Mohnsam da; Hallal, Pedro Curi

doi:10.11606/S1518-8787.2018052000265

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Rural Health Supplement, Original Articles • Rev. Saúde Pública 52 (suppl 1) • 2018 • https://doi.org/10.11606/S1518-8787.2018052000265 linkcopy

Physical activity in the rural population of Pelotas, Brazil: prevalence and associated factors

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the level of physical activity in general and by domains of practice in the rural area of Pelotas, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, as well as their associated factors.

METHODS This is a population-based, cross-sectional study with adults living in the rural area of Pelotas. The questionnaire used to measure the prevalence of physical activity was the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Individuals who reported at least 150 minutes of weekly physical activity were considered as active. The demographic, economic, labor, and crime safety aspects were evaluated as independent variables. Poisson regression was used for the crude and adjusted analyses.

RESULTS Final sample consisted of 1,447 individuals. Overall prevalence of physical activity was 83.7% (95%CI 81.3–86.2). Regarding the different domains, 74.9% (95%CI 71.3–78.6) of the participants reached the recommendations of physical activity specifically with work, 25.2% (95%CI 22.4–28.0) with transport, and 15.1% (95%CI 12.2–18.1) with leisure. Men were more active than women in all domains. Individuals with rural work were more active in work and transport. Crime variables were not associated with outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of general physical activity was high, and was mostly practiced at work. On the other hand, leisure activities were not very prevalent and the associated factors varied in direction and magnitude according to the domains of physical activity evaluated.

Adult; Exercise; Activities of Daily Living; Cross-Sectional Studies; Rural Population

Variable	n (%)	Level of physical activity (%)	95%CI	p^b
Sex				0.025
Male	734 (48.3)	600 (85.8)	83.1–88.4
Female	785 (51.7)	612 (81.8)	78.5–85.1
Age (years)				< 0.001
18–24	174 (11.4)	152 (90.7)	86.4–94.9
25–39	341 (22.6)	285 (86.2)	81.5–90.8
40–59	593 (39.2)	500 (88.3)	84.9–91.7
60 or over	411 (26.8)	275 (71.7)	67.9–75.5
Years of study				< 0.001
0–4	582 (38.7)	422 (78.1)	74.9–81.4
5–8	558 (36.9)	468 (86.9)	82.7–91.0
9 or more	369 (24.4)	316 (87.8)	83.6–92.0
Occupation				< 0.001
Not working	613 (40.5)	417 (72.4)	68.2–76.6
Rural	509 (33.3)	469 (95.9)	94.5–97.3
Non-rural	397 (26.2)	326 (85.2)	82.1–88.4
Body mass index^a				< 0.001^c
Low weight/Eutrophic	499 (35.1)	426 (88.3)	85.3–91.4
Overweight	509 (35.3)	417 (85.1)	81.0–89.1
Obesity	425 (29.6)	330 (80.1)	76.1–84.2
Living with a partner				0.032
No	443 (29.2)	329 (79.2)	73.9–84.5
Yes	1,076 (70.8)	883 (85.5)	82.8–88.3
Index of goods (quintiles)				0.002
1st (poorest)	303 (20.4)	210 (74.4)	69.2–79.6
2nd	302 (19.9)	237 (83.0)	78.4–87.6
3rd	302 (20.0)	254 (88.3)	84.4–92.2
4th	301 (19.8)	252 (86.8)	81.2–92.3
5th (richest)	301 (19.9)	250 (85.7)	80.6–90.7
Perception of safety				0.386
Good	1,129 (74.5)	895 (83.2)	80.2–86.2
Poor	390 (25.5)	317 (85.2)	81.5–89.0
Crime victimization				0.963
No	1,437 (94.5)	1,145 (83.7)	81.4–86.0
Yes	82 (5.5)	67 (84.0)	71.6–96.3

Total	1,519	1,447 (83.7)

Variable	Leisure-related PA (n = 1,498)			Transport-related PA (n = 1,486)			Work-related PA (n = 1,461)

	n (%)	95%CI	p	n (%)	95%CI	p	n (%)	95%CI	p
Sex			< 0.001			0.003			0.027
Male	147 (20.5)	15.8–25.2		209 (29.0)	25.9–32.1		546 (77.4)	73.2–81.6
Female	79 (10.2)	8.1–12.3		168 (21.6)	17.8–25.5		550 (72.7)	68.5–76.8
Age (years)			< 0.001			0.002			< 0.001
18–24	57 (33.3)	23.8–42.7		40 (23.6)	17.0–30.2		131 (78.3)	17.0–30.2
25–39	58 (17.3)	12.5–22.0		81 (24.0)	19.7–28.2		263 (78.6)	71.9–85.4
40–59	71 (11.9)	8.6–15.3		179 (30.2)	25.8–34.6		468 (81.8)	78.0–85.6
60 or over	40 (10.2)	6.8–13.5		77 (19.5)	15.6–23.3		234 (60.1)	55.5–64.7
Years of study			< 0.001*			0.916			0.008
0–4	48 (8.5)	5.3–11.6		141 (25.0)	21.7–28.3		388 (70.3)	66.4–74.2
5–8	87 (15.7)	11.8–19.7		144 (25.7)	21.3–30.1		429 (79.2)	74.3–84.2
9 or more	88 (24.1)	17.0–31.3		91 (25.2)	20.5–29.8		273 (75.8)	69.2–82.4
Occupation			0.002			< 0.001			< 0.001
Not working	72 (12.3)	9.3–15.2		103 (17.6)	14.6–20.5		352 (60.4)	56.4–64.4
Rural	65 (12.8)	8.6–16.9		186 (36.6)	32.6–40.6		458 (92.4)	90.7–94.2
Non-rural	89 (22.6)	16.8–28.3		88 (22.2)	16.9–27.4		286 (74.6)	69.7–79.5
BMI			0.003*			0.113			< 0.001*
Low weight/Eutrophic	93 (18.6)	14.7–22.5		139 (28.1)	24.4–31.7		390 (80.0)	75.3–85.2
Overweight	81 (16.0)	11.8–20.3		123 (24.3)	20.4–28.1		380 (76.7)	71.8–81.5
Obesity	49 (11.7)	8.4–15.1		104 (24.3)	20.2–28.4		289 (69.7)	65.1–74.4
Living with a partner			0.011			0.793			0.002
No	84 (19.5)	14.8–24.3		107 (24.8)	20.0–29.6		283 (67.4)	60.5–74.4
Yes	142 (13.4)	10.2–16.5		270 (25.4)	22.7–28.0		813 (78.0)	74.7–81.2
Index of goods (quintiles)			< 0.001			0.162			< 0.001
1st (poorest)	27 (9.4)	6.2–12.7		71 (24.0)	18.8–29.2		185 (64.8)	59.8–69.8
2nd	32 (10.8)	7.3–14.3		84 (28.4)	22.7–34.1		223 (76.6)	72.6–80.7
3rd	53 (17.9)	11.6–24.2		74 (24.7)	18.6–30.7		230 (79.4)	73.1–85.7
4th	39 (13.3)	8.0–18.5		87 (29.0)	22.8–35.3		233 (79.8)	74.1–85.5
5th (richest)	73 (24.2)	18.5–29.9		60 (20.4)	15.2–25.6		217 (73.8)	66.4–81.1
Perception of safety			0.297			0.318			0.356
Good	162 (14.6)	11.5–17.8		270 (24.3)	21.0–27.6		808 (74.4)	70.1–78.8
Poor	64 (16.6)	12.6–20.6		107 (27.9)	21.4–34.4		288 (76.4)	73.0–79.8
Victim of crimes			0.123			0.783			0.187
No	207 (14.7)	11.9–17.5		357 (25.3)	22.4–28.1		1,041 (75.4)	72.0–78.8
Yes	19 (22.7)	9.6–35.8		20 (23.8)	13.2–34.5		55 (67.4)	52.5–82.2

Variable	General PA		Leisure-related PA		Transport-related PA		Work-related PA

	PR (95%CI)	p	PR (95%CI)	p	PR (95%CI)	p	PR (95%CI)	p
Sex		0.029		< 0.001		0.003		0.026
Male	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
Female	0.95 (0.91–1.00)		0.50 (0.41–0.61)		0.75 (0.62–0.90)		0.94 (0.89–0.99)
Age (years)		< 0.001		< 0.001*		0.001		< 0.001
18–24	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
25–39	0.95 (0.90–1.00)		0.52 (0.38–0.72)		1.02 (0.73-1.41)		1.00 (0.91–1.10)
40–59	0.97 (0.92–1.03)		0.36 (0.25–0.51)		1.28 (0.93–1.76)		1.05 (0.95–1.15)
60 or over	0.79 (0.74–0.85)		0.31 (0.21–0.45)		0.82 (0.55-1.24)		0.77 (0.67–0.88)
Years of study		< 0.001*		< 0.001*		0.919		0.005
0–4	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
5–8	1.11 (1.05–1.18)		1.86 (1.16–2.98)		1.03 (0.89–1.19)		1.13 (1.06–1.20)
9 or more	1.12 (1.06–1.19)		2.85 (1.82–4.44)		1.01 (0.81–1.25)		1.08 (0.99–1.18)
Occupation		< 0.001		< 0.001		< 0.001		< 0.001
Not working	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
Rural	1.33 (1.25–1.40)		1.04 (0.70–1.55)		2.08 (1.70–2.56)		1.53 (1.43–1.64)
Non-rural	1.18 (1.11–1.25)		1.84 (1.39–2.44)		1.26 (0.95–1.68)		1.23 (1.14–1.33)
BMI		0.001*		0.001*		0.154		0.001*
Low weight/Eutrophic	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
Overweight	0.96 (0.92–1.01)		0.86 (0.67–1.12)		0.87 (0.73–1.03)		0.96 (0.89–1.04)
Obesity	0.91 (0.86–0.96)		0.63 (0.49–0.81)		0.87 (0.74–1.02)		0.87 (0.81–0.94)
Living with a partner		0.047		0.011		0.793		0.006
No	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
Yes	1.08 (1.00–1.17)		0.68 (0.52–0.91)		1.02 (0.86–1.22)		1.16 (1.05–1.28)
Index of goods (quintiles)		0.007		0.001		0.224		0.006
1st (poorest)	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
2nd	1.12 (1.02–1.22)		1.15 (0.76–1.74)		1.18 (0.88–1.60)		1.18 (1.08–1.30)
3rd	1.19 (1.08–1.30)		1.90 (1.23–2.92)		1.03 (0.75–1.41)		1.23 (1.10–1.36)
4th	1.17 (1.07–1.27)		1.41 (0.84–2.35)		1.21 (0.87–1.68)		1.23 (1.12–1.36)
5th (richest)	1.15 (1.07–1.24)		2.56 (1.72–3.82)		0.85 (0.67–1.08)		1.14 (1.04–1.24)
Perception of safety		0.378		0.297		0.313		0.363
Good	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
Poor	1.03 (0.97–1.08)		1.14 (0.89–1.45)		1.15 (0.87–1.52)		1.03 (0.97–1.09)
Victim of crimes		0.963		0.109		0.785		0.257
No	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
Yes	1.00 (0.87–1.16)		1.54 (0.90–2.65)		0.94 (0.61–1.47)		0.89 (0.73–1.09)

Variable	General PA		Leisure-related PA		Transport-related PA		Work-related PA

	PR (95%CI)	p	PR (95%CI)	p	PR (95%CI)	p	PR (95%CI)	p
Sex		0.064		< 0.001		0.004		0.051
Female	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
Male	1.04 (1.00–1.09)		1.96 (1.60–2.40)		1.33 (1.11–1.61)		1.06 (1.00–1.12)
Age (years)		< 0.001		< 0.001*		0.002		< 0.001
18–24	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
25–39	0.95 (0.90–1.01)		0.54 (0.40–0.72)		1.03 (0.74–1.42)		1.01 (0.92–1.11)
40–59	0.98 (0.93–1.03)		0.37 (0.26–0.52)		1.29 (0.94–1.77)		1.05 (0.95–1.16)
60 or over	0.79 (0.74–0.85)		0.32 (0.22–0.47)		0.84 (0.56–1.25)		0.77 (0.67–0.89)
Years of study		0.001*		0.004*		0.224		0.040
0–4	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
5–8	1.08 (1.02–1.15)		1.51 (0.94–2.44)		1.04 (0.89–1.22)		1.08 (1.01–1.15)
9 or more	1.12 (1.05–1.19)		1.95 (1.24–3.05)		1.21 (0.97–1.50)		1.08 (1.00–1.16)
Occupation		< 0.001		0.079		< 0.001		< 0.001
Not working	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
Rural	1.29 (1.21–1.38)		0.87 (0.55–1.38)		1.85 (1.43–2.38)		1.44 (1.35–1.54)
Mon-rural	1.11 (1.03–1.20)		1.31 (0.95–1.79)		1.13 (0.80–1.59)		1.14 (1.05–1.23)
BMI		0.226		0.344		0.599		0.088
Low weight/Eutrophic	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
Overweight	1.00 (0.95–1.05)		0.95 (0.71–1.27)		0.92 (0.77–1.09)		1.00 (0.93–1.09)
Obesity	0.95 (0.90–1.01)		0.81 (0.61–1.09)		0.95 (0.80–1.12)		0.93 (0.86–1.00)
Living with a partner		0.205		0.448		0.302		0.082
No	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
Yes	1.05 (0.97–1.14)		0.90 (0.68–1.19)		0.90 (0.73–1.11)		1.09 (0.99–1.21)
Index of goods (quintiles)		0.140		0.009*		0.153		0.241
1st (poorest)	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
2nd	1.07 (0.97–1.17)		1.04 (0.69–1.56)		1.09 (0.84–1.42)		1.10 (1.00–1.21)
3rd	1.12 (1.03–1.21)		1.67 (1.10–2.54)		0.93 (0.69–1.24)		1.11 (1.02–1.22)
4th	1.08 (1.00–1.17)		1.15 (0.70–1.87)		1.09 (0.82–1.45)		1.10 (1.00–1.21)
5th (richest)	1.07 (0.99–1.15)		1.96 (1.22–3.15)		0.79 (0.64–0.98)		1.03 (0.96–1.12)
Perception of safety		0.972		0.824		0.347		0.577
Good	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
Poor	1.00 (0.95–1.06)		0.97 (0.72–1.30)		1.12 (0.87–1.45)		1.02 (0.96–1.08)
Victim of crimes		0.517		0.144		0.624		0.362
No	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
Yes	1.03 (0.94–1.13)		1.44 (0.87–2.38)		0.88 (0.53–1.48)		0.93 (0.80–1.09)

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Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

[TFN1] ^a Variable with most missing data (n = 1,433).

[TFN2] ^b Chi-square test of heterogeneity.

[TFN3] ^c Test for linear trend.