Insufficient free-time physical activity and occupational factors in Brazilian public school teachers

Dias, Douglas Fernando; Loch, Mathias Roberto; González, Alberto Durán; Andrade, Selma Maffei de; Mesas, Arthur Eumann

doi:10.1590/S1518-8787.2017051006217

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Sumário

Original Articles • Rev. Saúde Pública 51 • 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1518-8787.2017051006217 copy

Insufficient free-time physical activity and occupational factors in Brazilian public school teachers

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate if perceived occupational factors are associated with insufficient free-time physical activity in Brazilian public school teachers.

METHODS

The relationship between insufficient physical activity (< 150 minutes/week) and variables related to work was analyzed in 978 elementary and high school teachers calculating the prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) in Poisson regression models, adjusted for sociodemographic and health variables.

RESULTS

The prevalence of insufficient physical activity was 71.9%, and this condition was associated independently with the perception of bad or regular balance between personal and professional life (PR = 1.09; 95%CI 1.01–1.18), perception that standing time affects the work (PR = 1.16; 95%CI 1.01–1.34), low or very low perception of current ability for the physical requirements of work (PR = 1.21; 95%CI 1.08–1.35), and temporary employment contract (PR = 1.13; 95%CI 1.03–1.25). The teaching of physical education was associated with lower prevalence of insufficient physical activity (PR = 0.78; 95%CI 0.64–0.95).

CONCLUSIONS

The perception of adverse working conditions is associated with increased prevalence of insufficient physical activity in teachers and should be considered for the promotion of physical activity in this population.

Faculty; Education, Primary and Secondary; Working Conditions; Sedentary Lifestyle; Motor Activity; Occupational Health

Variable	n	free-time physical activity

		%	Inactive^a (%)	Insufficient^b (%)	Active^c (%)	p^d
Total	978	100	55.7	16.2	28.1
Gender						0.002
Female	670	68.5	59.1	17.0	23.9
Male	308	31.5	48.4	14.3	37.3
Age group (years)						0.665
< 30	130	13.3	57.7	12.3	30.0
30–39	295	30.2	59.0	12.9	28.1
40–49	330	33.7	53.3	17.9	28.8
50–59	183	18.7	55.2	19.1	25.7
> 59	40	4.1	47.5	25.0	27.5
Monthly family income (R$)^e,f						0.071
< 3,001.00	241	24.9	59.8	13.3	27.0
3,001.00 to 5,000.00	335	34.6	56.4	16.4	27.2
5,001.00 to 7,000.00	239	24.7	54.8	17.6	27.6
> 7,000.00	154	15.9	49.4	16.9	33.8
Perceived health^f
Very good/Excellent	346	36.4	47.4	16.5	36.1	<0.001
Good	557	58.6	60.1	16.2	23.7
Bad/Very bad	47	4.9	63.8	14.9	21.3
Body mass index (kg/m²)^f
> 30.0	163	16.8	65.0	18.4	16.6	0.003
25.0–29.9	342	35.2	54.1	16.4	29.5
< 25.0	466	48.0	53.2	15.5	31.3
Chronic pain^f
Yes	411	42.2	60.3	16.3	23.4	0.014
No	562	57.8	52.3	16.0	31.7

Variable	N	Free-time physical activity

		%	Inactive^a (%)	Insufficient^b (%)	Active^c (%)	p^d
Time working in the profession (years)^e						0.513
< 5	174	17.8	56.9	14.4	28.7
5–9	218	22.3	56.9	15.6	27.5
10–19	287	29.3	59.2	12.2	28.6
≥ 20	299	30.6	50.8	21.4	27.8
Number of shifts						0.676
1	188	19.2	56.9	17.6	25.5
2	628	64.2	55.3	15.9	28.8
3	162	16.6	56.2	15.4	28.4
Type of employment						0.024
Statutory	306	31.3	52.8	17.0	30.2
Temporary	672	68.7	62.1	14.4	23.5
Working hours as a teacher (hours/week)						0.359
< 21	163	16.7	58.3	12.3	29.4
21–40	611	62.5	55.8	17.8	26.4
> 40	204	20.9	53.4	14.2	32.4
Subject taught						0.001
Other	893	91.3	57.2	16.2	26.5
Physical Education	85	8.7	40.0	15.3	44.7
Perception of balance between personal and professional life						0.013
Good/Excellent	704	72.0	53.3	16.1	30.7
Bad/Regular	274	28.0	62.0	16.4	21.5
Perception of how long standing affects the work						0.007
Does not affect	148	15.1	44.6	17.6	37.8
Affects	830	84.9	57.7	15.9	26.4
Perception of the current ability to work in relation to physical requirements^e						0.001
Good/Very good	588	60.2	53.2	13.8	33.0
Moderate	324	33.2	58.0	20.1	21.9
Low/Very low	65	6.7	66.2	18.5	15.4
Frequency that they consider having enough time to fulfill all the work^e						0.255
Frequently	166	17.5	50.6	19.3	30.1
Sometimes	442	46.5	55.9	16.1	28.1
Never or almost never/Rarely	342	36	57.6	15.2	27.2
Frequency that they feel exhausted at the end of the workday^e						0.037
Never/A few times a year	134	14.1	50.7	17.2	32.1
A few times a month	200	21.1	49.5	19.5	31.0
A few times a week/Daily	613	64.7	58.6	15.0	26.4
Frequency that they feel exhausted when getting up after a night’s sleep to face a workday^e						0.071
Never/A few times a year	386	40.7	52.1	17.1	30.8
A few times a month	254	26.8	57.9	14.2	28.0
A few times a week/Daily	308	32.5	58.1	16.9	25.0

Variable	n	IPA (%)	Crude analysis		Model 1^a		Model 2^b

			PR	95%CI	PR	95%CI	PR	95%CI
Time working in the profession (years)^c
< 5	170	71.8	1		1		1
5–9	221	71.9	1.00	0.88–1.14	1.00	0.88–1.13	0.99	0.87–1.13
10–19	285	71.2	0.99	0.88–1.12	0.95	0.84–1.08	0.93	0.81–1.06
≥ 20	301	72.4	1.01	0.90–1.13	0.93	0.80–1.08	0.91	0.78–1.07
Number of shifts
1	188	74.5	1		1			1
2	628	71.2	0.96	0.87–1.05	0.96	0.87–1.06	0.96	0.87–1.06
3	162	71.6	0.96	0.85–1.09	0.98	0.86–1.12	0.98	0.86–1.12
Type of employment
Statutory	306	69.8	1		1		1
Temporary	672	76.5	1.10	1.01–1.19^d	1.12	1.02–1.22^d	1.13	1.03–1.25^e
Working hours as a teacher (hours/week)
< 21	163	70.6	1		1		1
21–40	611	73.7	1.04	0.97–1.27	1.06	0.95–1.19	1.10	0.98–1.23
> 40	204	67.7	0.96	0.84–1.10	1.01	0.88–1.15	1.02	0.89–1.18
Subject taught
Other	894	73.4	1		1		1
Physical Education	84	56.0	0.76	0.63–0.93^e	0.77	0.63–0.93^e	0.78	0.64–0.95^d
Perception of balance between personal and professional life
Good/Excellent	704	69.3	1		1		1
Bad/Regular	274	78.5	1.13	1.05–1.23^e	1.12	1.04–1.21^e	1.09	1.01–1.18^d
Perception of how long standing affects the work
Does not affect	148	62.2	1		1		1
Affects	830	73.6	1.18	1.04–1.35^d	1.17	1.03–1.34^d	1.16	1.01–1.34^d
Perception of the current ability to work in relation to physical requirements^c
Good/Very good	588	67.0	1			1	1
Moderate	324	78.1	1.17	1.07–1.26^f	1.14	1.05–1.24^e	1.09	1.00–1.19^d
Low/Very low	65	84.6	1.26	1.12–1.42^f	1.22	1.08–1.38^e	1.21	1.08–1.35^e
Frequency that they consider having enough time to fulfill all the work^c
Frequently	166	69.9	1		1		1
Sometimes	442	71.9	1.03	0.92–1.16	1.03	0.92–1.16	1.01	0.90–1.13
Never or almost never/Rarely	342	72.8	1.04	0.92–1.17	1.05	0.93–1.18	1.00	0.89–1.13
Frequency that they feel exhausted at the end of the workday^c
Never/A few times a year	134	67.9	1		1		1
A few times a month	200	69.0	1.02	0.88–1.18	1.02	0.88–1.18	1.01	0.87–1.17
A few times a week/Daily	613	73.6	1.08	0.96–1.23	1.07	0.94–1.21	1.03	0.90–1.17
Frequency that they feel exhausted when getting up after a night’s sleep to face a workday^c
Never/A few times a year	386	69.2	1		1		1
A few times a month	254	72.1	1.04	0.94–1.15	1.04	0.94–1.15	1.01	0.92–1.12
A few times a week/Daily	308	75.0	1.08	0.99–1.19	1.06	0.97–1.17	1.02	0.93–1.12

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[1] Correspondence: Arthur Eumann Mesas. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Departamento de Saúde. Coletiva – UEL. Av. Robert Koch, 60 Vila Operária. 86038-350 Londrina, PR, Brasil. E-mail: aemesas@gmail.com