Negative self-perception of hearing and depression in older adults: a population-based study

Paiva, Karina Mary de; Samelli, Alessandra Giannella; Oliveira, Pamela Lopes de; Hillesheim, Danúbia; Haas, Patrícia; Medeiros, Paulo Adão de; d’Orsi, Eleonora

doi:10.11606/s1518-8787.2023057004675

Brasil

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Original Article • Rev. Saúde Pública 57 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2023057004675 linkcopy

Negative self-perception of hearing and depression in older adults: a population-based study

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE To estimate the association between negative self-perception of hearing and depression in older adults in Southern Brazil.

METHODS This is a cross-sectional study conducted with data from the third wave of the EpiFloripa Idoso 2017/19 study, a population-based cohort of older adults (60+). A total of 1,335 older adults participated in this wave. The dependent variable was self-reported depression, and the main exposure was self-perception of hearing (negative; positive). For both the crude (bivariate) and adjusted analysis, the odds ratio (OR) was used as a measure of association and estimated by means of binary logistic regression analysis. The exposure variable was adjusted by sociodemographic and health covariates. A p value < 0.05 was adopted as statistically significant.

RESULTS The prevalence of negative self-perception of hearing and depression was 26.0% and 21.8%, respectively. In the adjusted analysis, the older adults with negative self-perception of hearing were 1.96 times more likely to report depression when compared to the ones with positive self-perception of hearing (p = 0.002).

CONCLUSION The association between negative self-perception of hearing and depression reflects the importance of reviewing health care actions for older adults, incorporating hearing-related issues, to ensure comprehensive care for this growing segment of the population.

Aged; Hearing Loss; Presbycusis; Depression; Diagnostic Self Evaluation; Health Surveys

Variable	n	Percentage of total sample%^a	95%CI	Prevalence of depression%
Gender (n = 1.335)
Men	510	36.3	33.0–39.5	14.3
Women	825	63.7	60.4–66.9	27.5
Skin color (n = 1,334)
White	1,172	88.3	84.6–91.1	22.0
Mixed-race/Yellow/Indigenous	99	7.6	5.7–9.9	25.3
Black	63	4.1	2.7–6.2	27.0
Age group (years) (n = 1,335)
60–69	461	30.2	25.3–35.5	25.2
70–79	554	43.6	39.1–48.2	21.6
≥ 80	320	26.2	22.3–30.2	20.0
Schooling level (years) (n = 1,329)
0–8	715	54.9	48.3–61.4	25.3
9–11	215	15.8	12.8–19.3	23.7
≥ 12	399	29.3	24.4–34.6	16.3
Diabetes (n = 1,335)
No	999	74.3	70.5–77.7	20.8
Yes	336	25.7	22.2–29.4	27.4
Hypertension (n = 1,335)
No	516	40.5	35.7–45.4	17.8
Yes	819	59.5	54.5–64.2	25.4
Stroke (n = 1,335)
No	1,195	90.5	88.1–92.2	21.7
Yes	140	9.5	7.7–11.8	29.3
Use of hearing aid (n = 1,335)
No	1,240	92.5	90.1–94.2	22.3
Yes, in one ear	42	3.6	2.4–6.3	26.2
Yes, in both ears	53	3.9	2.5–5.2	24.5
Physical condition (n = 1,335)
Bedridden	18	1.3	0.7–2.4	33.3
Wheelchair user	11	0.6	0.3–1.2	36.4
Ambulant	1,306	98.1	96.9–98.8	22.2
Self-perception of hearing (n = 1,287)
Positive	947	74.0	70.3–77.4	19.2
Negative	335	26.0	22.5–29.7	29.9

Variable	Depression	p

	Crude OR^a (95%CI)
Gender
Men	Ref.	< 0.001
Women	2.34 (1.46–3.77)
Skin color		0.608
White	Ref.
Mixed-race/Yellow/Indigenous	1.04 (0.60–1.82)
Black	1.25 (0.53–2.93)
Age group (years)		0.025
60–69	Ref.
70–79	0.59 (0.37–0.95)
≥ 80	0.56 (0.34–0.93)
Schooling level (years)		0.147
0–8	Ref.
9–11	0.63 (0.38–1.04)
≥ 12	0.71 (0.42–1.19)
Diabetes		0.563
No	Ref.
Yes	1.15 (0.70–1.88)
Hypertension		0.086
No	Ref
Yes	1.34 (0.95–1.90)
Stroke		0.102
No	Ref.
Yes	1.55 (0.91–2.65)
Use of hearing aid		0.787
No	Ref.
Yes, in one ear	1.32 (0.32–5.36)
Yes, in both ears	0.99 (0.46–2.11)
Physical condition		0.073
Bedridden	Ref.
Wheelchair user	0.28 (0.43–1.90)
Ambulant	0.26 (0.64–1.08)
Self-perception of hearing		0.013
Positive	Ref.
Negative	1.58 (1.10–2.29)

Depression

Self-perception of hearing	Adjusted OR^a (95%CI)	p
Positive	Ref.	0.002
Negative	1.96 (1.30–2.97)

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[TFN1] 95%CI: 95% confidence interval

[TFN2] ^a Weighted percentage.