Evidence of validity of the Stress-Producing Life Events (SPLE) instrument

Rizzini, Marta; Santos, Alcione Miranda dos; Silva, Antônio Augusto Moura da

doi:10.11606/S1518-8787.2018052000173

Brasil

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Original Article • Rev. Saúde Pública 52 • 2018 • https://doi.org/10.11606/S1518-8787.2018052000173 linkcopy

Evidence of validity of the Stress-Producing Life Events (SPLE) instrument

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE Evaluate the construct validity of a list of eight Stressful Life Events in pregnant women.

METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,446 pregnant women in São Luís, MA, and 1,364 pregnant women in Ribeirão Preto, SP (BRISA cohort), from February 2010 to June 2011. In the exploratory factorial analysis, the promax oblique rotation was used and for the calculation of the internal consistency, we used the compound reliability. The construct validity was determined by means of the confirmatory factorial analysis with the method of estimation of weighted least squares adjusted by the mean and variance.

RESULTS The model with the best fit in the exploratory analysis was the one that retained three factors with a cumulative variance of 61.1%. The one-factor model did not obtain a good fit in both samples in the confirmatory analysis. The three-factor model called Stress-Producing Life Events presented a good fit (RMSEA < 0.05; CFI/TLI > 0.90) for both samples.

CONCLUSIONS The Stress-Producing Life Events constitute a second order construct with three dimensions related to health, personal and financial aspects and violence. This study found evidence that confirms the construct validity of a list of stressor events, entitled Stress-Producing Life Events Inventory.

Pregnant Women; Psychological Stress; Life Change Events; Scales; Validation Studies

Dimension/Item	Question (in the last 12 months)	SL^a (%)	RP^b (%)	p^c
Health
1	Have you had any health problems that prevented you from performing any of your usual activities (work, study, or leisure) for more than a month?	19.6	15.5	0.004
2	Were you hospitalized for one night or more due to illness or accident?	13.5	11.1	0.046
Personal and financial
3	Was there a death of some close relative (father, mother, spouse, companion, child, or sibling)?	23.4	16.9	< 0.001
4	Have you faced more severe financial difficulties than usual?	37.2	37.6	0.827
5	Were you forced to move to a new house against your will (for example, due to rent increase)?	13.8	15.4	0.218
6	Have you experienced any breakup in a romantic relationship, including divorce or separation?	19.4	15.5	0.008
Violence
7	Were you attacked or robbed, that is, had your money or any goods taken, through use or threat of violence?	10.8	5.2	< 0.001
8	Were you a victim of physical aggression?	8.0	5.0	0.001

Indexes	Model 1^a		Model 2^b		Model 3^c

	São Luís	Ribeirão Preto	São Luís	Ribeirão Preto	São Luís	Ribeirão Preto
χ^2d	120,538	124,037	29,731	42,706	13,888	36,590
Degrees of freedom	20	20	17	17	16	16
p	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.0284	0.0005	0.6070	0.0024
RMSEA^e	0.054	0.062	0.023	0.033	< 0.001	0.031
90%CI	0.044–0.064	0.052–0.072	0.007–0.036	0.021–0.046	0.000–0.021	0.018–0.044
P	0.257	0.029	0.999	0.987	0.999	0.993
CFI^f	0.855	0.821	0.978	0.956	1.000	0.964
TLI^g	0.796	0.749	0.963	0.927	1.000	0.938
WRMR^h	1.538	1.728	0.803	0.988	0.538	0.910

Dimensions	Model 2		Model 3

	Factorial loads; p		Factorial loads; p

	São Luís	Ribeirão Preto	São Luís	Ribeirão Preto
Health
1.Health problems	0.785; < 0.001	0.829; < 0.001	0.785; < 0.001	0.829; < 0.001
2.Hospitalization	0.681; < 0.001	0.737; < 0.001	0.681; < 0.001	0.737; < 0.001
Personal and financial aspects
3.Death of close relative	0.212; < 0.001	0.144; < 0.001	0.222; < 0.001	0.146; < 0.001
4.Severe financial difficulties	0.655; < 0.001	0.651; < 0.001	0.731; < 0.001	0.675; < 0.001
5.Forced change of residence	0.591; < 0.001	0.690; < 0.001	0.618; < 0.001	0.713; < 0.001
6.Divorce/Separation	0.538; < 0.001	0.504; < 0.001	0.184; 0.063	0.081; 0.750
Violence
6.Divorce/Separation	-	-	0.425; < 0.001	0.501; 0.053
7.Violência	0.567; <0.001	0.480; < 0.001	0.561; < 0.001	0.480; < 0.001
8.Physical agression	0.694; < 0.001	0.693; < 0.001	0.713; < 0.001	0.699; < 0.001
SPLE construct
Health	0.550; < 0.001	0.461; < 0.001	0.589; < 0.001	0.483; < 0.001
Personal and financial aspects	0.861; < 0.001	0.989; < 0.001	0.734; < 0.001	0.918; < 0.001
Violence	0.836; < 0.001	0.836; < 0.001	0.756; < 0.001	0.782; < 0.001
Compound reliability
Health	0.70	0.76	0.70	0.76
Personal and financial aspects	0.58	0.58	0.48	0.49
Violence	0.57	0.52	0.63	0.59
Correlation between factors
Ø (f1 ↔ f2)	0.473	0.456	0.432	0.444
Ø (f1 ↔ f3)	0.460	0.385	0.445	0.378
Ø (f2 ↔ f3)	0.720	0.827	0.555	0.719

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Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 715, 01246-904 São Paulo SP Brazil, Tel./Fax: +55 11 3061-7985 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
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[TFN1] ^a São Luís.

[TFN2] ^b Ribeirão Preto.

[TFN3] ^c Proportions test.

[TFN4] Values with statistical significance in relation to the presence of stressor events between the two samples are presented in bold.