Food advertisements on television and eating habits in adolescents: a school-based study

Delfino, Leandro Dragueta; Tebar, William Rodrigues; Silva, Diego Augusto Santos; Gil, Fernanda Caroline Staquecini; Mota, Jorge; Christofaro, Diego Giulliano Destro

doi:10.11606/s1518-8787.2020054001558

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Sumário

Original Article • Rev. Saúde Pública 54 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2020054001558 copy

Food advertisements on television and eating habits in adolescents: a school-based study

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE

To analyze the association of television food advertisements with eating habits in Brazilian adolescents.

METHODS

The sample was composed of 1,011 adolescents, aged from 10–17 years. The influence of television food advertisements on eating habits, as well as food consumption and socioeconomic variables were assessed through questionnaires. A binary logistic regression was performed to assess the magnitude of the associations, adjusted for gender, age, socioeconomic status, and parental schooling.

RESULTS

Of the sample, 83.3% (n = 843) reported food consumption while watching TV. Adolescents who do not consume food while watching TV had a higher weekly consumption of fruits (3.98, SD = 2.0 versus 3.39, SD = 2.1) and vegetables (4.1, SD = 2.2 versus 3.4, SD = 2.3). Adolescents that consume food while watching TV had higher weekly consumption of fried foods (3.1, SD = 2.0 versus 2.3, SD = 1.7), sweets (4.1, SD = 2.1 versus 3.3, SD = 2.1), soft drinks (3.2, SD = 2.1 versus 2.2, SD = 1.9), and snacks (2.3, SD = 2.0 versus 1.6, SD = 1.7). For 73,8% of the sample, food advertisements induce product consumerism, most commonly sweets and fast foods. Buying or asking to buy food after seeing it on the television was associated with fried foods (OR = 1.36, 95%CI = 1.03– 1.79), sweets (OR = 1.69, 95%CI = 1.30–2.18), and snacks (OR = 1.57, 95%CI = 1.12–2.22).

CONCLUSION

Food advertisements were associated with greater consumption of fried foods, sweets, and snacks in adolescents, even after adjusting for confounding factors.

Adolescent; Feeding Behavior; Food Publicity; Food and Nutrition Education

	Eat food when watching TV		p

	No Mean (SD)	Yes Mean (SD)
Age	12.7 (2.4)	13.2 (2.3)	0.009
Body mass (kg)	50.1 (17.3)	50.2 (14.1)	0.977
Height (cm)	152.8 (13.6)	156.3 (12.4)	0.003
Fruits	3.98 (2.0)	3.39 (2.1)	0.001
Vegetables	4.1 (2.2)	3.4 (2.3)	0.001
Dairy	4.4 (2.5)	4.3 (2.4)	0.674
Fried food	2.3 (1.7)	3.1 (2.0)	≤ 0.001
Sweets	3.3 (2.1)	4.1 (2.1)	≤ 0.001
Soft drinks	2.2 (1.9)	3.2 (2.1)	≤ 0.001
Snack foods	1.6 (1.7)	2.3 (2.0)	≤ 0.001

	Influence of food products advertisements				p

	Unadjusted model OR 95%CI		Adjusted model OR 95%CI
Fruits	0.91	0.71–1.17	0.93	0.72–1.20	0.615
Vegetables	0.79	0.62–1.01	0.81	0.63–1.04	0.107
Dairy	1.02	0.79–1.32	1.05	0.81–1.36	0.832
Fried food	1.78*	1.37–2.32	1.79*	1.37–2.34	≤ 0.001
Sweets	1.72*	1.34–2.21	1.69*	1.30–2.18	≤ 0.001
Soft drinks	1.65*	1.27–2.14	1.64*	1.26–2.14	≤ 0.001
Snack foods	2.13*	1.56–2.92	2.03*	1.48–2.79	≤ 0.001

	Influence of food products advertisements				p

	Unadjusted model OR 95%CI		Adjusted model OR 95%CI
Fruits	0.94	0.72–1.23	0.96	0.73–1.23	0.794
Vegetables	0.82	0.63–1.08	0.84	0.64–1.10	0.205
Dairy	1.04	0.79–1.36	1.06	0.80–1.39	0.678
Fried food	1.39*	1.04–1.85	1.36*	1.03–1.79	0.018
Sweets	1.38*	1.05–1.81	1.69*	1.30–2.18	0.028
Soft drinks	1.21	0.91–1.61	1.22	1.61–2.94	0.168
Snack foods	1.66*	1.19–2.32	1.57*	1.12–2.22	0.009

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[1] Correspondence: Diego Giulliano Destro Christofaro Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Educação Física Rua Roberto Simonsen, 305 19.060-900 Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil E-mail: diego.christofaro@unesp.br