Analysis of the national school feeding program in the municipality of Viçosa, state of Minas Gerais

Rocha, Naruna Pereira; Filgueiras, Mariana De Santis; Albuquerque, Fernanda Martins de; Milagres, Luana Cupertino; Castro, Ana Paula Pereira; Silva, Mariane Alves; Costa, Glauce Dias da; Priore, Silvia Eloiza; Novaes, Juliana Farias de

doi:10.11606/S1518-8787.2018052007090

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Original Article • Rev. Saúde Pública 52 • 2018 • https://doi.org/10.11606/S1518-8787.2018052007090 copy

Analysis of the national school feeding program in the municipality of Viçosa, state of Minas Gerais

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE

To analyze the implementation of the Brazilian National School Feeding Program as a food and nutritional security policy in public schools.

METHODS

This a cross-sectional study, with a quantitative and qualitative approach, carried out with 268 schoolchildren aged eight to nine years from the public school system of Viçosa, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, in 2015. Interviews were carried out using semi-structured questionnaires with the children, parents, cooks, nutritionists, trainer of the Technical Assistance and Rural Extension Company, and president of the School Feeding Council. In order to analyze the implementation of the National School Feeding Program in Viçosa, we evaluated the direct weighing of the food served in the schools using mechanical balances with a capacity of up to 10 kg and the perception of the social players involved in the implementation of the National School Feeding Program. The children were questioned about the acceptance of and adherence to the food offered, in addition to the habit of bringing food from home. Parents reported knowledge about the School Feeding Program and Council. The qualitative analysis consisted of content analysis and quantitative analysis using the chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and Mann-Whitney test. We adopted the statistical significance of 5% for quantitative analysis.

RESULTS

Children reported low adherence to the school feeding program and most of them used to bring food from home. Irregularities were identified in the implementation of the National School Feeding Program, such as: inadequate number of nutritionists, suspension of Council meetings, inadequate infrastructure in the areas of preparation and distribution of meals, lack of training of cooks, lack of nutritional adequacy of the food offered, and lack of actions on food and nutritional education. The Program complied with the recommendations for purchasing food from family farms.

CONCLUSIONS

The National School Feeding Program presented many irregularities in Viçosa. It is important to monitor the problems identified for better reformulation and planning of the Program, in order to guarantee the food and nutritional security of the children served.

Child; School Feeding; Food and Nutrition Education; Food and Nutrition Security; Nutrition Policy

Variable	Total		Schools				p

			Municipal		State

	n	%	n	%	n	%
Frequency of consumption
No	65	24.3	21	32.3	44	67.7	0.020*
≤ 3 times a week	106	39.6	48	45.3	58	54.7
≥ 4 times a week	97	36.1	53	54.6	44	45.4
Perception of the food
Very good/Good	162	79.4	84	51.9	78	48.1	0.262
Regular/Bad	42	20.6	18	42.9	24	57.1
Satisfactory amount served
Yes	185	91.1	94	50.8	91	49.2	0.030*
No	18	8.9	7	38.9	11	61.1
Considered as important
Yes	231	86.2	109	47.2	122	52.8	0.172
No	37	13.8	13	35.1	24	64.9
Food brought from home
Never	55	20.5	33	60.0	22	40.0	0.005*
Sometimes	172	64.2	78	45.3	94	54.7
Always	41	15.3	11	26.8	30	73.2

Variable	Total		Schools				p

			Municipal		State

	n	%	n	%	n	%
Knowledge on the PNAE^a
Yes	108	40.3	52	48.2	56	51.8	0.727
No	160	59.7	70	43.8	90	56.2
Perception of the school feeding^b
Positive	115	87.8	58	50.4	57	49.6	0.081
Negative	10	7.6	5	50.0	5	50.0
Absence of school feeding^b
Yes	18	6.7	16	88.9	2	11.1	0.001
No	243	90.7	104	42.8	139	57.2
Knowledge on the CAE^a
Yes	26	9.7	7	27.0	19	73.0	0.045
No	242	90.3	115	47.5	127	52.5

Variable	Total		Schools				p

			Municipal		State

	n	%	n	%	n	%
Place of storage
Adequate	7	41.2	4	57.1	3	42.9	0.646
Inadequate^a	10	58.8	6	60.0	4	40.0
Presence of cafeteria
No	10	58.8	8	80.0	2	20.0	0.052
Yes	7	41.2	2	28.6	5	71.4
Enough furniture
Yes	3	17.6	2	66.7	1	33.3	0.640
No	14	82.4	8	57.1	6	42.9
Control of temperature
Yes	-	-	-		-		-
No	17	100	10	58.8	7	41.2
Place of preparation
Adequate	7	41.2	5	71.4	2	28.6	0.354
Inadequate^a	10	58.8	5	50.0	5	50.0
Place of distribution
Adequate	10	58.8	4	40.0	6	60.0	0.082
Inadequate^a	7	41.2	6	85.7	1	14.3
Conservation of furniture, walls, floors, and ceilings
Satisfactory	10	58.8	6	60.0	4	40.0	0.640
Unsatisfactory	7	41.2	4	57.1	3	42.9
Place to wash hands
Yes	5	29.4	4	80.0	1	20.0	0.278
No	12	70.6	6	50.0	6	50.0
Hygiene of the area of production and distribution
Satisfactory	13	76.5	6	46.2	7	53.8	0.088
Unsatisfactory	4	23.5	4	100	-	-
Exposure of the menu
Yes	9	52.9	1	20.0	4	80.0
No	8	47.1	9	75.0	3	25.0	0.581

Energy and nutrients	PNAE*	Municipal schools		State schools

	6 to 10 years	Median	Min–Max	Median	Min–Max	p
Energy (kcal)	300	207.58	81.30–427.60	202.20	162.20–284.60	0.558
Carbohydrate (g)	48.8	36.51	15.60–69.80	32.00	20.60–44.60	0.329
Protein (g)	9.4	7.16	1.70–14.10	7.90	4.60–16.70	0.354
Lipids (g)	7.5	4.71	1.30–13.40	4.40	1.88–13.30	0.845
Fiber (g)	5.4	3.02	0.70–10.34	2.47	1.40–6.30	0.695
Vitamin A (ug)	100	63.45	15.00–203.80	118.80	0.0–20210	0.283
Vitamin C (mg)	7.0	2.46	0.60–16.40	1.60	0.00–4.50	0.407
Calcium (mg)	210	52.85	7.20–203.30	21.20	17.58–38.10	0.079
Iron (mg)	1.8	1.70	0.20–2.70	1.00	0.80–1.70	0.184
Zinc (mg)	1.3	1.00	0.30–1.50	1.00	0.60–2.20	0.118
Magnesium (mg)	37	28.20	17.10–93.90	52.90	29.10–64.60	0.728

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[1] Correspondence: Naruna Pereira Rocha, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Nutrição, Departamento de Nutrição e Saúde – CCBII, Campus Universitário, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brasil. E-mail: narunarocha@hotmail.com