Physiological potential and health quality of corn seeds coated with chitosan

Zacharias, Marina Barros; Forti, Victor Augusto; Silva, Mariana Altenhofen da

doi:10.1590/1678-992X-2023-0121

Brasil

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Crop Science • Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.) 81 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-992X-2023-0121 linkcopy

Physiological potential and health quality of corn seeds coated with chitosan

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Seed coating is a common practice in treating corn seeds and polymers are used to improve seed performance in terms of physical, physiological, and health quality. However, adverse environmental impacts caused by using non-renewable and non-biodegradable polymers are driving the search for alternatives to overcome these effects, such as natural-based polymers. This study evaluated the effect of chitosan coating formulations (0.6-3.4 g 100 mL ^–1 chitosan and 0-0.60 g glycerol g ^–1 chitosan) on the quality of corn seeds ( Zea mays L.) regarding physical aspects (visual and morphological aspect, water content, and 1,000-seed mass), physiological potential (germination test, germination speed index, seedling length, cold test, seedling emergence, seedling emergence speed index, seedling height, and root and shoot dry matter), and health quality (Blotter test). Chitosan coatings associated with glycerol did not interfere with the water content, 1,000-seed mass, germination and emergence percentages, cold test, and root dry matter. Conversely, higher biopolymer concentrations can reduce germination speed index, emergence speed index, seedling height, and shoot dry matter. Thus, coating with chitosan 2 % and 0.30 g glycerol g ^–1 chitosan showed promising results in terms of physical aspects with no damage to the physiological potential of corn seeds while reducing the occurrence of Penicillium spp.

Zea mays L.; biopolymer; germination; film-coating

Treatment	X ₁	X ₂
	g 100 mL ^-1	g g ^–1 chitosan
T1	1.0 (–1)	0.09 (–1)
T2	3.0 (+1)	0.09 (–1)
T3	1.0 (–1)	0.51 (+1)
T4	3.0 (+1)	0.51 (+1)
T5	0.6 (–1.41)	0.30 (0)
T6	3.4 (+1.41)	0.30 (0)
T7	2.0 (0)	0.0 (–1.41)
T8	2.0 (0)	0.60 (+1.41)
T9	2.0 (0)	0.30 (0)
T10	2.0 (0)	0.30 (0)
T11	2.0 (0)	0.30 (0)

Treatment (chitosan/glycerol)	Water content*	1,000-seed mass**
	g 100 g ^–1	g
T1 (1.0/0.09)	10.20 ± 0.1 ^abc	426.5 ± 7.7 ^a
T2 (3.0/0.09)	10.07 ± 0.1 ^bc	432.0 ± 3.4 ^a
T3 (1.0/0.51)	10.01 ± 0.3 ^c	434.4 ± 3.0 ^a
T4 (3.0/0.51)	10.62 ± 0.1 ^a	438.4 ± 3.4 ^a
T5 (0.6/0.30)	10.35 ± 0.2 ^abc	429.4 ± 3.5 ^a
T6 (3.4/0.30)	10.49 ± 0.2 ^ab	433.9 ± 6.0 ^a
T7 (2.0/0)	10.30 ± 0.2 ^abc	431.6 ± 5.7 ^a
T8 (2.0/0.60)	10.15 ± 0.1 ^bc	433.8 ± 3.4 ^a
T9 (2.0/0.30)	10.13 ± 0.2 ^bc	429.4 ± 3.1 ^a
T10 (2.0/0.30)	10.16 ± 0.2 ^abc	429.2 ± 4.1 ^a
T11 (2.0/0.30)	10.01 ± 0.1 ^c	433.2 ± 8.0 ^a
Control	9.96 ± 0.1 ^c	427.5 ± 4.1 ^a

Treatment (chitosan/glycerol)	Germination		GSI	Length
Treatment (chitosan/glycerol)	1 ^st count	Final count	GSI	Root	Shoot	Total
	-------------------- % --------------------			-------------------------------- cm --------------------------------
T1 (1/0.09)	94.0 ± 1.6ª	98.5 ± 1.9 ^a	14.6 ± 0.3 ^bcd	10.9 ± 0.5 ^ab	6.7 ± 0.7 ^ab	17.6 ± 1.2 ^ab
T2 (3/0.09)	95.0 ± 2.6 ^a	97.0 ± 2.0 ^a	14.2 ± 0.4 ^cde	12.4 ± 0.2 ^a	7.2 ± 0.2 ^a	19.6 ± 0.3 ^a
T3 (1/0.51)	94.5 ± 3.4 ^a	99.5 ± 1.0 ^a	14.4 ± 0.5 ^bcde	9.4 ± 0.5 ^bc	6.5 ± 0.7 ^ab	15.9 ± 1.1 ^bc
T4 (3/0.51)	94.5 ± 2.5 ^a	98.0 ± 1.6 ^a	14.0 ± 0.4 ^def	7.5 ± 0.7 ^d	6.1 ± 0.3 ^b	13.6 ± 0.8 ^d
T5 (0.6/0.30)	90.0 ± 2.0 ^a	97.3 ± 2.3 ^a	13.2 ± 0.1 ^fg	7.7 ± 0.2 ^cd	6.1 ± 0.3 ^b	13.8 ± 0.2 ^cd
T6 (3.4/0.30)	81.5 ± 2.5 ^b	94.5 ± 1.9 ^a	12.6 ± 0.3 ^g	8.1 ± 0.1 ^cd	6.5 ± 0.4 ^ab	14.6 ± 0.4 ^cd
T7 (2/0)	89.0 ± 2.6 ^a	94.0 ± 1.6 ^a	13.6 ± 0.3 ^ef	8.7 ± 0.8 ^cd	6.6 ± 0.2 ^ab	15.3 ± 0.9 ^cd
T8 (2/0.60)	90.5 ± 5.0 ^a	97.5 ± 3.8 ^a	15.0 ± 0.5 ^abc	7.6 ± 1.2 ^cd	6.1 ± 0.1 ^b	13.7 ± 1.2 ^cd
T9 (2/0.30)	91.5 ± 5.0 ^a	98.0 ± 2.8 ^a	14.7 ± 0.4 ^abcd	8.5 ± 0.8 ^cd	6.1 ± 0.2 ^b	14.6 ± 0.9 ^cd
T10 (2/0.30)	94.5 ± 1.0 ^a	98.5 ± 1.9 ^a	15.2 ± 0.2 ^ab	8.2 ± 1.0 ^cd	5.9 ± 0.1 ^b	14.1 ± 1.1 ^cd
T11 (2/0.30)	92.0 ± 2.8 ^a	98.0 ± 0.0 ^a	14.6 ± 0.2 ^bcd	8.1 ± 0.8 ^cd	6.2 ± 0.1 ^b	14.3 ± 1.0 ^cd
Control	95.5 ± 2.5 ^a	97.0 ± 3.5 ^a	15.6 ± 0.4 ^a	12.6 ± 0.8 ^a	6.2 ± 0.2 ^b	18.8 ± 0.9 ^a

Treatment (chitosan/glycerol)	Cold test
	%
T1 (1.0/0.09)	95.0 ± 1.2 ^a
T2 (3.0/0.09)	89.5 ± 6.8 ^a
T3 (1.0/0.51)	90.0 ± 5.9 ^a
T4 (3.0/0.51)	91.0 ± 4.2 ^a
T5 (0.6/0.30)	91.0 ± 4.8 ^a
T6 (3.4/0.30)	90.5 ± 1.0 ^a
T7 (2.0/0)	95.0 ± 2.0 ^a
T8 (2.0/0.60)	95.0 ± 2.6 ^a
T9 (2.0/0.30)	87.0 ± 5.3 ^a
T10 (2.0/0.30)	92.0 ± 4.3 ^a
T11 (2.0/0.30)	90.7 ± 4.1 ^a
Control	90.0 ± 1.6 ^a

Treatment	Emergence	ESI	Height	Dry matter
(chitosan/glycerol)	Emergence	ESI	Height	Root	Shoot
	%		cm	---------------------- g ----------------------
T1 (1/0.09)	98.0 ± 2.8 ^a	13.9 ± 0.2 ^ab	13.4 ± 0.8 ^ab	2.72 ± 0.2 ^a	2.25 ± 0.1 ^ab
T2 (3/0.09)	97.0 ± 2.6 ^a	12.9 ± 0.3 ^bc	13.0 ± 0.5 ^abc	2.96 ± 0.3 ^a	2.18 ± 0.0 ^b
T3 (1/0.51)	97.0 ± 2.6 ^a	13.5 ± 0.4 ^bc	13.1 ± 0.5 ^ab	2.98 ± 0.3 ^a	2.21 ± 0.3 ^ab
T4 (3/0.51)	96.0 ± 1.6 ^a	13.6 ± 0.5 ^bc	12.7 ± 0.4 ^bc	2.88 ± 0.3 ^a	2.26 ± 0.1 ^ab
T5 (0.6/0.30)	97.5 ± 2.5 ^a	13.9 ± 0.3 ^ab	13.7 ± 0.4 ^ab	2.59 ± 0.1 ^a	2.23 ± 0.1 ^ab
T6 (3.4/0.30)	97.5 ± 1.0 ^a	12.5 ± 0.3 ^c	11.8 ± 0.6 ^c	2.56 ± 0.1 ^a	2.17 ± 0.2 ^b
T7 (2/0)	97.5 ± 3.0 ^a	13.5 ± 0.4 ^bc	13.4 ± 0.5 ^ab	2.85 ± 0.3 ^a	2.26 ± 0.2 ^ab
T8 (2/0.60)	94.5 ± 2.5 ^a	12.9 ± 0.5 ^bc	12.5 ± 0.5 ^bc	2.72 ± 0.2 ^a	2.18 ± 0.2 ^b
T9 (2/0.30)	98.0 ± 1.6 ^a	13.5 ± 0.4 ^bc	13.5 ± 0.6 ^ab	2.76 ± 0.2 ^a	2.35 ± 0.2 ^ab
T10 (2/0.30)	96.5 ± 1.9 ^a	13.6 ± 0.6 ^bc	13.1 ± 0.3 ^ab	2.69 ± 0.5 ^a	2.21 ± 0.1 ^ab
T11 (2/0.30)	100.0 ± 2.0 ^a	13.9 ± 0.3 ^b	13.4 ± 0.6 ^ab	3.16 ± 0.3 ^a	2.34 ± 0.2 ^ab
Control	98.5 ± 1.0 ^a	14.8 ± 0.8 ^a	14.1 ± 0.2 ^a	3.16 ± 0.0 ^a	2.60 ± 0.1 ^a

Treatment (chitosan/glycerol)	Visual aspect
Treatment (chitosan/glycerol)	A	L	M	I
	--------------------------- % ---------------------------
T1 (1/0.09)	0	52.5	47.5	0
T2 (3/0.09)	2.5	77.5	20.0	0
T3 (1/0.51)	0	60.0	40.0	0
T4 (3/0.51)	0	82.5	17.5	0
T5 (0.6/0.30)	0	37.5	62.5	0
T6 (3.4/0.30)	0	72.5	27.5	0
T7 (2/0)	0	62.5	37.5	0
T8 (2/0.60)	0	85.0	15.0	0
T9 (2/0.30)	0	72.5	27.5	0
T10 (2/0.30)	0	70.0	30.0	0
T11 (2/0.30)	0	77.5	22.5	0
Control	0	0	0	100.0

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Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" USP/ESALQ - Scientia Agricola, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba SP Brazil, Phone: +55 19 3429-4401 / 3429-4486 - Piracicaba - SP - Brazil
E-mail: scientia@usp.br

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[TFN1] X₁ = chitosan concentration; X ₂ = glycerol concentration. Values in parentheses are coded levels of the variables.