Compressibility and water availability in Albaqualf soils under different deployment times in no-tillage

Reis, Diony Alves; Lima, Cláudia Liane Rodrigues de; Bamberg, Adilson Luís; Ribeiro, Pablo Lacerda

doi:10.1590/1678-992X-2016-0219

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Soils and Plant Nutrition • Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.) 75 (5) • Sep-Oct 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-992X-2016-0219 copy

Compressibility and water availability in Albaqualf soils under different deployment times in no-tillage

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

The southern Brazilian lowlands have been historically used for flooded rice cultivation. Over time, heavy machinery and intensive tillage practices have resulted in soil structure disruption, soil compaction, higher production costs and lower agricultural profitability. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different deployment times of no-tillage (NT). Soil properties including bulk density (BD), compression index (CI), preconsolidation pressure (σp), bulk density at preconsolidation pressure (BDσp), degree of compactness (DC), soil water retention curve (SWRC), plant available water (PAW) and total organic carbon (TOC) content were evaluated using a 30-yr non-cultivated field (NC), adjacent to the experimental plots as a control. The BD, σp, BDσp and DC decreased in response to NT adoption time while the soil water holding capacity increased, allowing for higher PAW. Results from this study demonstrated the positive effects of NT on the overall quality of soils.

Keywords:
lowlands; preconsolidation pressure; degree of compactness; organic carbon

Deployment times of NT^* * NT1 = one; NT3: three; NT5: five and NT7 = seven years of no-tillage (NT) deployment, respectively; Ma = mayze (Zea mays L.); Wh = Wheat (Triticum aestivum L); Rg = ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum); Sp = plant of spontaneous development; Sb = soybean (Glycine max (L). Merr); Sg = sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench); Sf = sunflower (Helianthus annuus).	Agricultural year
	2006/07	2007/08	2008/09	2009/10	2010/11	2011/12	2012/13
NT1	…	…	…	…	…	Ma	Wh + Ma
NT3	…	…	…	Ma	Rg + Sp + Sb	Wh + Sb	Wh + Sb
NT5	…	Ma	Rg + Sp + Sb	Wh + Sg	Rg + Sp + Sb	Wh + Sb	Rg + Sp + Sb
NT7	Sb + Wh	Ma	Wh + Sf	Wh + Ma	Rg + Sp + Sg	Rg + Sp + Sb	Rg + Sp + Sb

Deployment times of NT^* * NT1 = one; NT3 = three; NT5 = five; and NT7 = seven years of no-tillage (NT) deployment, respectively; NC = non-cultivated field; Means with standard errors followed by the same letter within the same column are not significantly different, according to the Duncan test at 5 %.	CI	Δref	σ_p	Δref	BDσp	Δref	DCσp	Δref	DC1600	Δref
		%	kPa	%	Mg m⁻³	------------------------------------------------------------ % ------------------------------------------------------------
0.00 to 0.03 m
NT1	0.31 ± 0.01 ab	-18.4	221.7 ± 14.77 a	72.8	1.80 ± 0.03 a	16.9	90.44 ± 1.41 a	-0.6	78.42 ± 1.44 a	6.7
NT3	0.28 ± 0.01 b	-26.3	215.7 ± 11.54 a	68.1	1.82 ± 0.05 a	18.2	90.50 ± 1.30 a	-0.6	79.10 ± 2.38 a	7.6
NT5	0.28 ± 0.02 b	-26.3	195.3 ± 11.78 ab	52.2	1.68 ± 0.04 b	9.1	92.32 ± 0.98 a	1.4	81.42 ± 1.09 a	10.7
NT7	0.34 ± 0.03 a	-10.5	171.0 ± 11.62 b	33.3	1.61 ± 0.03 b	4.5	89.98 ± 1.25 a	-1.1	76.37 ± 1.47 a	3.9
NC	0.38 ± 0.02		128.3 ± 14.81		1.54 ± 0.03		91.01 ± 0.96		73.52 ± 1.51
0.03 to 0.06 m
NT1	0.29 ± 0.01 ab	-6.5	237.0 ± 10.78 ab	32.3	1.85 ± 0.07 a	11.4	86.42 ± 2.64 b	-4.8	75.30 ± 2.90 b	-2.8
NT3	0.27 ± 0.01 bc	-12.9	251.3 ± 12.84 a	40.2	1.90 ± 0.04 a	14.5	91.94 ± 1.05 a	1.3	82.30 ± 1.13 a	6.2
NT5	0.26 ± 0.01 c	-16.1	198.5 ± 19.64 bc	10.8	1.82 ± 0.05 a	9.6	90.95 ± 0.98 ab	0.2	78.75 ± 1.22 ab	1.7
NT7	0.31 ± 0.01 a	0.0	182.2 ± 12.40 c	1.7	1.74 ± 0.04 a	4.8	88.74 ± 1.63 ab	-2.2	74.44 ± 2.47 b	-3.9
NC	0.31 ± 0.01		179.2 ± 7.85		1.66 ± 0.02		90.74 ± 1.48		77.47 ± 1.65
0.06 to 0.10 m
NT1	0.31 ± 0.01 a	3.3	247.6 ± 16.81 a	62.3	1.85 ± 0.05 ab	7.6	88.38 ± 1.29 a	-5.4	76.84 ± 1.56 b	-0.7
NT3	0.26 ± 0.01 b	-13.3	255.0 ± 12.96 a	67.1	1.91 ± 0.03 a	11.0	88.62 ± 2.46 a	-5.1	81.33 ± 2.16 ab	5.1
NT5	0.26 ± 0.01 b	-13.3	224.8 ± 7.10 a	47.3	1.91 ± 0.04 a	11.0	91.48 ± 0.75 a	-2.1	82.47 ± 0.93 a	6.6
NT7	0.28 ± 0.01 ab	-6.7	225.8 ± 14.08 a	48.0	1.79 ± 0.02 b	4.1	91.22 ± 1.16 a	-2.4	80.53 ± 1.34 ab	4.1
NC	0.30 ± 0.02		152.6 ± 9.14		1.72 ± 0.04		93.43 ± 1.51		77.39 ± 1.65
0.10 to 0.20 m
NT1	0.30 ± 0.01 a	0.0	261.8 ± 14.62 a	47.0	1.81 ± 0.02 bc	3.4	90.09 ± 1.44 a	-0.1	77.40 ± 1.58 b	-1.9
NT3	0.28 ± 0.01 ab	-6.7	252.5 ± 15.64 ab	41.8	1.94 ± 0.04 a	10.9	90.92 ± 0.81 a	0.9	81.63 ± 1.00 a	3.4
NT5	0.25 ± 0.01 b	-16.7	221.2 ± 8.24 bbc	24.2	1.90 ± 0.04 ab	8.6	90.45 ± 1.16 a	0.3	81.85 ± 1.32 a	3.7
NT7	0.28 ± 0.01 ab	-6.7	207.4 ± 7.63 c	16.5	1.78 ± 0.04 c	1.7	91.01 ± 1.18 a	1.0	79.68 ± 1.54 ab	1.0
NC	0.30 ± 0.01		178.1 ± 12.94		1.75 ± 0.03		90.14 ± 1.27		78.91 ± 1.09

Attributes	CI	σp	BDσp	DCσp	DC1.600	BD(Mg m⁻³)
TOC (g kg⁻¹)	0.08 ns	-0.47^**	-0.38^**	0.09 ns	-0.03 ns	-0.60^**
CI (dimensionless)		-0.05 ns	-0.11 ns	-0.14^*	-0.22^**	-0.23^*
σp (kPa)			0.46^**	-0.12 ns	0.13 ns	0.37^**
BDσp (Mg m⁻³)				-0.13 ns	0.13 ns	0.46^**
DCσp (%)					0.73^**	-0.02 ns
DC1.600 (%)						0.11 ns

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[1] * Corresponding author <dionyodin@gmail.com>