k-ε |
Single span semi-circular |
0.3 |
1.3 |
Good agreement between measured (real scale experiment) and predicted values of the mean pressure coefficient distribution for transverse flow and high Reynolds numbers was observed. The reason for the discrepancy between measured and predicted coefficients at the back of the greenhouse was the deformation that was not taken into account in the computational procedure. |
(Mathews and Meyer, 1987Mathews EH, Meyer JP. 1987. Numerical modeling of wind loading on a film clad greenhouse. Building and Environment 22: 129-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-1323 (87)90032-1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-1323 (87)90...
) |
k-ε |
Semi-circular |
0.3 |
1.3 |
Prediction of wind loads around a semi-circular considering the influence of Reynolds number and boundary layer profile. Measured and predicted coefficients were similar. Intense differences were found behind the ridge, where the full-scale shape was not exactly semi-circular. |
(Mathews and Meyer, 1988Mathews EH, Meyer JP. 1988. Computation of wind loads on a semicircular greenhouse. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 29: 225-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105 (88)90160-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105 (88)90...
) |
k-ε |
Semi-circular film-clad greenhouse |
0.3 |
1.2 |
Numerical simulation to predict the distribution of wind pressure on curved greenhouses (semi-circular and semi-elliptical) and gable roof greenhouses by varying the roof angle. For the cases of semi-circular and semi-elliptical greenhouses, the pressure coefficients were similar to those observed experimentally. In the case of the multi-span greenhouse, only the first span showed a strong correlation with the experiment. The simulation results for the single-span greenhouse were more conservative than the experimental ones and the leeward face presented a good correlation with the experimental data. |
(Mathews et al., 1988Mathews EH, Crosby CP, Visser JA, Meyer JP. 1988. Numerical prediction of wind loads on buildings. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 31: 241-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105 (88)90006-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105 (88)90...
) |
Semi-circular film-clad greenhouse (more recessed into the ground) |
0.3 |
1.2 |
Semi-elliptical |
0.4 |
1.3 |
Four-span semi-circular |
0.3 |
0.9 |
Single-span glasshouse |
1.0 |
1.4 |
CK |
7-span Venlo-type glasshouse |
- |
1.5 |
Pressure coefficients obtained by CFD in the roof of a Venlo-type greenhouse compared to the experimental data. The CK (Chen and Kim) model was used, which is a modification of the model of the standard k-ε. The authors found a good agreement between experimental and numerical data along the first three spans. Numerical results have shown the minimum of the suction force almost at the middle portion of the windward slopes, while experimental data show the minimum of the suction force at the windward side of every span roof near the ridge. |
(Mistriotis et al., 1997Mistriotis A, de Jong T, Wagemans MJM, Bot GPA. 1997. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) as a tool for the analysis of ventilation and indoor microclimate in agricultural buildings. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 45: 81-96. https://doi.org/10.18174/njas.v45i1.527 https://doi.org/10.18174/njas.v45i1.527...
) |
k-ε |
Multi-span Venlo-type glasshouse |
- |
1.1 |
CFD simulation of the pressure coefficients in a Venlo-type greenhouse using the standard k-ε and RNG k-ε turbulence models, with models validated by literature data. The main differences between the experimental and simulation results were verified in the first span. The authors concluded that the RNG k-ε turbulence model presented a better correlation with the experimental results. |
(Reichrath and Davies, 2002Reichrath S, Davies TW. 2002. Computational fluid dynamics simulations and ventilation of pressure distribution on the roof of a commercial multi-span Venlo-type glasshouse. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 90: 139-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105 (01)00184-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105 (01)0...
) |
RNG k-ε |
- |
0.9 |
k-ε |
Semi-cylindrical tunnel greenhouse with two symmetrical openings |
1.1 |
1.7 |
Determination of the external and internal pressure coefficients in a tunnel-type greenhouse with various configurations of openings, in which discrepancies were found between the calculated coefficients and those recommended by European standards. |
(Mistriotis and Briassoulis, 2002Mistriotis A, Briassoulis D. 2002. Numerical estimation of the internal and external aerodynamic coefficients of a tunnel greenhouse with openings. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 34: 191-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1699 (01)00187-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1699 (01)0...
) |
Semi-cylindrical tunnel greenhouse with one opening at the leeward side |
0.9 |
1.8 |
DNS |
Two-span Parabolic roof |
0.2 |
0.8 |
Determination of external pressure coefficients in greenhouses with parabolic roofs arranged in tandem. The distribution of cp was different over the two greenhouses, in which the first span obtained cp values close to those established by Eurocode (CEN, 2001), while the second span presented different values. |
(Ntinas et al., 2017Ntinas GK, Dados I, Kateris D, Fragos VP, Kotsopoulos TA. 2017. CFD study of external pressure coefficient over two greenhouses with parabolic roofs in tandem arrangement with numerical approximation. Acta Horticulturae 1170: 145-150. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2017.1170.16 https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2017...
) |
Standard k-ε |
Three-span Venlo-peach-type ventilated greenhouse |
0.8 |
1.1 |
Comparing the results of simulation and experimentation in a wind tunnel (Kwon et al., 2016Kwon K-s, Kim D-w, Kim R-w, Ha T, Lee I-b. 2016. Evaluation of wind pressure coefficients of single-span greenhouses built on reclaimed coastal land using a large-sized wind tunnel. Biosystems Engineering 141: 58-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2015.11.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng....
), for cp, the correlation coefficient was equal to 0.99. Furthermore, the cp values found were like those established by EN 1991-1-4 (CEN, 2005). |
(Hur and Kwon, 2017Hur D-J, Kwon S. 2017. Fatigue analysis of greenhouse structure under wind load and self-weight. Applied Sciences 7: 1274. https://doi.org/10.3390/app7121274 https://doi.org/10.3390/app7121274...
) |
Standard k-ε |
Three-span arch type |
0.7 |
1.4 |
Combination of the permanent and wind actions modeled via CFD to evaluate the distribution of stresses in the structure. Good correlation between simulation and experimental data (correlation coefficient equal to 0.99). |
(Hur et al., 2018Hur D-J, Noh JH, Lee HJ. 2018. Evaluation of stress distribution with wind speed in a greenhouse structure. Wind and Structures 27: 347-356. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2018.27.5.347 https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2018.27.5.3...
) |
LES |
Pitched roof: even-span |
1.9 |
1.9 |
Prediction of pressure coefficients using the LES turbulence model and validation with wind tunnel experimentation. The results obtained were closer to the experimental ones using LES when compared to the use of the RANS turbulence model. |
(Kim et al., 2019b) |
Pitched roof: mono-span |
1.8 |
1.4 |
Pitched roof: three-quarter type greenhouses |
1.5 |
1.0 |
Vaulted roof: arch |
1.8 |
3.5 |
Vaulted roof: peach |
1.5 |
3.0 |
Vaulted roof: wide-broad type greenhouses |
1.2 |
2.9 |
k-ε |
Arc-shaped greenhouse height/span ratio = 0.3 |
0.8 |
0.85 |
Evaluation of pressure coefficients in an arch-shaped greenhouse with a deformed structure using different turbulence models and different height/span ratios. The deformed shape did not influence either the distribution of cp in the wall zone or the position of cp inversion. |
(Vieira Neto and Soriano, 2020) |
k-ω |
0.95 |
1.0 |
k-ε RNG |
0.9 |
0.9 |
k-ε |
Arc-shaped greenhouse height/span ratio = 0.6 |
0.85 |
0.85 |
k-ω |
0.9 |
0.85 |
k-ε RNG |
0.85 |
0.8 |
k-ω SST |
Multi-span arc-shaped greenhouse |
0.4 |
1.2 |
Determination of pressure coefficients in greenhouses with multiple spans and discussions about discrepancies with the results given by the European standard. |
(Fernández-Garcia et al., 2020Fernández-Garcia MS, Vidal-López P, Rodriguez-Robles D, Villar-García JR, Agujetas R. 2020. Numerical simulation of multi-span greenhouse structures. Agriculture 10: 499. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10110499 https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10110...
) |
Realizable k-ε |
Single span Peach type greenhouse |
0.6 |
1.0 |
Evaluation of the distribution of the mean pressure coefficients using the RANS turbulence model and investigation of structural reinforcements to improve wind resistance. Considering the FSI effect, the simulated collapse mode corresponded well to observations in damage investigations. |
(Uematsu and Takahashi, 2020Uematsu Y, Takahashi K. 2020. Collapse and reinforcement of pipe-framed greenhouse under static wind loading. Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 14: 583-594. https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7359/2020.11.001 https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7359/2020....
) |