Olivine melilitite powder applied in association with bacterial inoculation impacts soil microbiological attributes

Galina, Jardel; Ribeiro, Genicelli Mafra; Baretta, Dilmar; Baretta, Carolina Riviera Duarte Maluche

doi:10.1590/1678-992X-2023-0214

Jardel Galina ^** Corresponding author < jardelgalina@unochapeco.edu.br >

Conceptualization

Data curation

Investigation

Methodology

Writing-original draft

Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó – Depto. de Agronomia , Rua Itaboraí, 295D – 89809-900 – Chapecó , SC – Brasil .

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5467-6300

Genicelli Mafra Ribeiro

Investigation

Supervision

Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina / Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias , Rua Paulo Alves de Lis, 2090 – 88520-000 – Lages , SC – Brasil .

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7515-1389

Dilmar Baretta

Conceptualization

Project administration

Resources

Supervision

Writing-review & editing

Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina – Depto. de Zootecnia , Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680E – 89815-630 – Chapecó , SC – Brasil .

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8219-1362

Carolina Riviera Duarte Maluche Baretta

Conceptualization

Investigation

Methodology

Project administration

Resources

Supervision

Writing-review & editing

Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó – Depto. de Agronomia , Rua Itaboraí, 295D – 89809-900 – Chapecó , SC – Brasil .

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7131-1517

* Corresponding author < jardelgalina@unochapeco.edu.br >

Edited by: Fernando Dini Andreote

Figures (3)
Tables (3)

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Figure 1
– A) Grain yield (GY) of 2019/20 maize crop; B) Grain yield (GY) of 2020/21 maize crop, of treatments: CF = chemical fertilizer; FRR = fertilizer reduction + remineralizer; FRA = fertilizer reduction + remineralizer + Azospirillum ; FRB = fertilizer reduction + remineralizer + Bacillus ; FRC = fertilizer reduction + remineralizer + co-inoculation. *Different from control by Dunnett’s test ( p < 0.05).

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Figure 2
– Representative of the multiple linear regression model with the dependent variable grain yield (GY) and independent microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial quotient (qMIC), metabolic quotient (qCO 2 ) and soil basal respiration (SBR). *95 % confidence level ( p < 0.05). **99 % confidence level ( p < 0.001)

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Figure 3
– A) Principal component analysis (PCA) of the 2019/2020 maize crop; B) Principal component analysis (PCA) of the 2020/2021 maize crop, using grain yield (GY) variables, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial quotient (qMIC), metabolic quotient (qCO 2 ), total organic carbon (TOC) and soil basal respiration (SBR) of treatments: CF = chemical fertilizer; FRR = fertilizer reduction + remineralizer; FRA = fertilizer reduction + remineralizer + Azospirillum ; FRB = fertilizer reduction + remineralizer + Bacillus ; FRC = fertilizer reduction + remineralizer + co-inoculation.

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Table 1
– Chemical and mineralogical composition of olivine melilitite.

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Table 2
– The contents of phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), total organic carbon (TOC), and the values of cation exchange capacity (CEC), hydrogen potential (pH) in the pre-cultivation period for the 2019/20 and 2020/21 crop years.

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Table 3
– Indicators of microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial quotient (qMIC), soil basal respiration (SBR), metabolic quotient (qCO 2 ) and total organic carbon (TOC) in the 2019/20 and 2020/21 crop years.

Mineral composition
			%
Principal	Melilite		40.0
	Phlogopite		30.0
	Clropyroxene		15.0
	Olivine		10.0
	Opaque minerals		5.0
Alteration minerals	Iron Oxides		Trace
	Clay minerals		Trace
	Talc		Trace
Chemical composition
Chemical elements		Oxides
	%			%
Silicon (Si)	22.7	SiO ₂		37.5
Magnesium (Mg ⁺² )	10.4	MgO		17.4
Calcium (Ca ⁺² )	10.6	CaO		14.8
Iron (Fe ⁺² )	7.3	Fe ₂ O ₃		10.5
Potassium (K ⁺ )	2.3	K ₂ O		2.7
Phosphorus (P)	0.5	P ₂ O ₅		1.2
	mg kg ^–1
Sulfur (S)	3,300
Manganese (Mn)	1,500
Zinc (Zn)	94.0
Copper (Cu)	63.0
Cobalt (Co)	57.0
Nickel (Ni)	385.0

Treatments	P	K	Ca	Mg	TOC	CEC	pH
	------------------ mg dm ^– ³ ------------------		---------------- cmol _c dm ^– ³ ----------------		g kg ^–1 soil	cmolc dm ^– ³	-
Pre-cultivation period
TA	13.30	120.00	2.80	1.90	2.03	10.30	4.90
2019/20 crop year
CF	16.58	210.55	2.71	2.53	2.18	10.08	5.55
FRR	18.05	237.94	3.18	2.53	2.23	10.05	5.82
FRC	41.51	315.57	3.15	2.35	2.22	10.23	5.68
FRA	37.98	327.75	3.13	3.03	2.26	10.64	5.93
FRB	35.03	312.55	4.15	2.90	2.06	11.77	5.83
2020/21 crop year
CF	14.15	263.25	3.20	3.53	1.91	16.84	5.23
FRR	15.81	230.00	3.48	3.70	1.97	15.51	5.25
FRC	14.10	266.00	6.65	4.07	2.07	16.06	5.68
FRA	15.58	277.00	6.35	3.78	2.00	16.10	5.35
FRB	21.98	288.00	6.90	4.23	2.01	15.91	5.48

Treatments	MBC	qMIC	SBR	qCO ₂	TOC
	mg microbial C kg ^–1 soil	%	mg C-CO ₂ kg ^–1 soil	µg C-CO ₂ µg MBC	g kg ^–1 soil
2019/20 crop year
CF	344.58 ± 31.63 b*	1.58 ± 0.16 b*	1.23 ± 0.20 ^ns	5.84 ± 0.31 a*	2.17 ± 0.08 ^ns
FRR	368.35 ± 44.41 b	1.65 ± 0.13 b	1.30 ± 0.11	5.55 ± 0.44 a	2.23 ± 0.12
FRC	529.64 ± 38.09 a	2.38 ± 0.18 a	1.24 ± 0.17	3.45 ± 0.35 b	2.21 ± 0.20
FRA	515.72 ± 27.33 a	2.28 ± 0.09 a	1.25 ± 0.19	3.46 ± 0.27 b	2.26 ± 0.17
FRB	547.43 ± 33.13 a	2.65 ± 0.11 a	1.31 ± 0.12	3.44 ± 0.33 b	2.11 ± 0.24
p -value	0.001	0.001	0.809	0.001	0.912
F-value	15.69	13.12	0.394	84.88	0.564
2020/21 crop year
CF	417.49 ± 45.30 c*	1.97 ± 0.15 c*	0.89 ± 0.10 a*	6.67 ± 0.58 a*	2.12 ± 0.18 ^ns
FRR	552.66 ± 39.77 b	2.70 ± 0.08 b	0.55 ± 0.12 b	3.66 ± 0.30 b	2.04 ± 0.11
FRC	728.19 ± 40.03 a	3.40 ± 0.25 a	0.54 ± 0.17 b	2.42 ± 0.37 c	2.14 ± 0.20
FRA	675.36 ± 35.94 a	3.31 ± 0.21 a	0.56 ± 0.19 b	2.87 ± 0.10 c	2.05 ± 0.23
FRB	755.51 ± 51.83 a	3.65 ± 0.31 a	0.52 ± 0.22 b	2.72 ± 0.15 c	2.08 ± 0.09
p -value	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.961
F-value	21.16	18.01	35.51	166.98	0.365

[1] * Corresponding author < jardelgalina@unochapeco.edu.br >

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Olivine melilitite powder applied in association with bacterial inoculation impacts soil microbiological attributes

ABSTRACT