SOCIOECONOMIC MOBILITY, EXPECTATIONS AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS INEQUALITY IN BRAZIL

After the end of the political and economic cycle that gave rise to the phenomenon that became known as the Brazilian new middle class, in this article we argue that this reading was not limited to verifying the increase in income and consume power of thousands of families, but also framed it within a broader narrative that has hindered the sociological investigation of the phenomenon. Thus, our first objective is to develop, with the support of empirical data from the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD-IBGE), an alternative interpretation of the changes observed in Brazilian society in recent years. Our second objective is to reflect, with the help of data from the Survey on the Middle Class (CESOP-UNICAMP-2008), and also from qualitative research previously prepared by the authors, on the possible impacts of these changes on the expectations of individuals and, thus, on their perceptions and attitudes towards the enormous inequalities still present in the country.

Keywords:
Income; inequalities; middle class; expectations; attitudes

Authorship

André Salata

Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) Escola de Humanidades, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. andresalata@gmail.comPontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do SulBrasilPorto Alegre, RS, BrasilPontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) Escola de Humanidades, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. andresalata@gmail.com

André Salata is professor at the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), visiting scholar of the Sociology Department at Cardiff University (UK) and has a scholarship in Research Productivity from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq-Brazil). He has PhD in Sociology, from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), and during this period he was academic visitor at the University of Oxford, UK. He has worked (2009-2014) as research assistant at the Metropolis Observatory (UFRJ), where he continues to act as a researcher. He is currently coordinator of the Brazilian Center for Research on Democracy (CBPD/PUCRS) and editor of Sociologies in Dialogue, journal of the Brazilian Sociological Society (SBS). His field of research are Social Stratification and Inequalities, focusing on Education, Class, Income and Quantitative Methodology. Among his publications we can highlight: “Quem é classe média no Brasil? Um estudo sobre identidades de classe”, “Schooling as a positional good: the Brazilian metropolitan regions in recent decades” and “Ensino superior no Brasil das últimas décadas: redução nas desigualdades de acesso?”

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7236-4917

Celi Scalon

Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Sociais Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. celiscalon@gmail.comUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroBrasilRJ, BrasilUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Sociais Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. celiscalon@gmail.com

Celi Scalon is professor at Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, visiting fellow at Coimbra University, CNPq Researcher 1A, Cientista do Nosso Estado/Faperj and member of the ISA Executive Committee (International Sociological Association). She is former president of Brazilian Sociological Society (2009-2011). She has PhD in Sociology at IUPERJ and during this period was a visiting student at Warwick University (UK) and attended the ICPSR, Ann Arbor/Michigan. As scholar, she was visiting fellow at Nuffield College/University of Oxford (2002) and at the California Center of Population Research/University of California, Los Angeles − UCLA (2012-2013). Her fields of interest are stratification, inequalities and research methods. Among her publications we can highlight: “Beyond center-periphery dichotomy: sociology in the Global Era”, “Desigualdades, estratificação e justiça social” and “Youth in Brazil: concepts, issues, and socio-demographic characteristics”.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9477-3156

André Salata is professor at the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), visiting scholar of the Sociology Department at Cardiff University (UK) and has a scholarship in Research Productivity from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq-Brazil). He has PhD in Sociology, from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), and during this period he was academic visitor at the University of Oxford, UK. He has worked (2009-2014) as research assistant at the Metropolis Observatory (UFRJ), where he continues to act as a researcher. He is currently coordinator of the Brazilian Center for Research on Democracy (CBPD/PUCRS) and editor of Sociologies in Dialogue, journal of the Brazilian Sociological Society (SBS). His field of research are Social Stratification and Inequalities, focusing on Education, Class, Income and Quantitative Methodology. Among his publications we can highlight: “Quem é classe média no Brasil? Um estudo sobre identidades de classe”, “Schooling as a positional good: the Brazilian metropolitan regions in recent decades” and “Ensino superior no Brasil das últimas décadas: redução nas desigualdades de acesso?”

Celi Scalon is professor at Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, visiting fellow at Coimbra University, CNPq Researcher 1A, Cientista do Nosso Estado/Faperj and member of the ISA Executive Committee (International Sociological Association). She is former president of Brazilian Sociological Society (2009-2011). She has PhD in Sociology at IUPERJ and during this period was a visiting student at Warwick University (UK) and attended the ICPSR, Ann Arbor/Michigan. As scholar, she was visiting fellow at Nuffield College/University of Oxford (2002) and at the California Center of Population Research/University of California, Los Angeles − UCLA (2012-2013). Her fields of interest are stratification, inequalities and research methods. Among her publications we can highlight: “Beyond center-periphery dichotomy: sociology in the Global Era”, “Desigualdades, estratificação e justiça social” and “Youth in Brazil: concepts, issues, and socio-demographic characteristics”.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures

Figures (10)

Thumbnail

Figure 1
Households, by household per capita income bands* – Brazil, 2002-2014

*Household per capita income in R$ / adjusted to September 2014 prices (INPC)

Thumbnail

Figure 2
Income bands,* by the socio-occupational categories of household heads – Brazil, 2002-2014

*Household income per capita in R$ / adjusted to September 2014 prices (INPC)

Thumbnail

Figure 3
Household incomes* for households headed by urban workers – Brazil, 2002, 2008 and 2014

*Household per capita income in R$ / adjusted to September 2014 prices (INPC)

Thumbnail

Figure 4
Access to consumer goods and household density* for households headed by urban workers – Brazil, 2002, 2008 and 2014

*More than two residents per bedroom (%)

Thumbnail

Figure 5
Educational situation of children (aged between 18 and 24) for households headed by urban workers – Brazil, 2002, 2008 and 2014

Thumbnail

Figure 6
Subjective position for their current situation and the situation of their children in the future for individuals living in households headed by urban workers – Brazil, 2008

Thumbnail

Figure 7
Perception of household income in the following year, in relation to current incomes, for individuals living in households headed by rural workers – Brazil, 2008 (%)

Thumbnail

Figure 8
Perception of the chances of social mobility for individuals living in households headed by urban workers – Brazil, 2008

Thumbnail

Figure 9
Perception of the factors that condition life chances, for individuals living in households headed by urban workers – Brazil, 2008

Thumbnail

Figure 10
Households by income level (in R$)*- Brazil, 2015, 2018

*Household per capita income in R$ / adjusted to September 2014 prices (INPC)

Figure 1 Households, by household per capita income bands* – Brazil, 2002-2014
*Household per capita income in R$ / adjusted to September 2014 prices (INPC)

Source: PNADs, 2002-2014 / IBGE (data compiled by authors)

Figure 2 Income bands,* by the socio-occupational categories of household heads – Brazil, 2002-2014
*Household income per capita in R$ / adjusted to September 2014 prices (INPC)

Source: PNADs, 2002, 2014 / IBGE (data compiled by authors)

Figure 3 Household incomes* for households headed by urban workers – Brazil, 2002, 2008 and 2014
*Household per capita income in R$ / adjusted to September 2014 prices (INPC)

Source: PNAD 2002, 2008 and 2014 / IBGE (data compiled by authors)

Figure 4 Access to consumer goods and household density* for households headed by urban workers – Brazil, 2002, 2008 and 2014
*More than two residents per bedroom (%)

Source: PNADs, 2002, 2008, 2014 / IBGE (data compiled by authors)

Figure 5 Educational situation of children (aged between 18 and 24) for households headed by urban workers – Brazil, 2002, 2008 and 2014

Source: PNADs, 2002, 2008 and 2014 / IBGE (data compiled by authors)

Figure 6 Subjective position for their current situation and the situation of their children in the future for individuals living in households headed by urban workers – Brazil, 2008

Source: Survey on the Middle Class 2008 – 03192. In: Banco de Dados do Centro de Estudos de Opinião Pública – CESOP-UNICAMP: http://www.cesop.unicamp.br/site/htm/busca/php Consulted 05/06/2012 (data compiled by authors)

Figure 7 Perception of household income in the following year, in relation to current incomes, for individuals living in households headed by rural workers – Brazil, 2008 (%)

Source: Survey on the Middle Class 2008 – 03192. In: Banco de Dados do Centro de Estudos de Opinião Pública – CESOP-UNICAMP: http://www.cesop.unicamp.br/site/htm/busca/php. Consulted 05/06/2012 (data compiled by authors)

Figure 8 Perception of the chances of social mobility for individuals living in households headed by urban workers – Brazil, 2008

Figure 9 Perception of the factors that condition life chances, for individuals living in households headed by urban workers – Brazil, 2008

Figure 10 Households by income level (in R$)- Brazil, 2015, 2018
Household per capita income in R$ / adjusted to September 2014 prices (INPC)

Source: PNADs Contínuas, 2015, 2018 / IBGE (data compiled by authors)

How to cite

copy

Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Largo do São Francisco de Paula, 1, sala 420, cep: 20051-070 - 2224-8965 ramal 215 - Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brazil
E-mail: revistappgsa@gmail.com

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

Versão para download de PDF

PDF

Inglês

Versões e tradução automática

Versão original do texto

English

Tradução automática

Google Translator
Microsoft Translator

Como citar

RIS

BIBTEX

Outros formatos de citação e exportação:

SciELO - Scientific Electronic Library Online
Rua Dr. Diogo de Faria, 1087 – 9º andar – Vila Clementino 04037-003 São Paulo/SP - Brasil
E-mail: scielo@scielo.org

Leia a Declaração de Acesso Aberto

Métricas

SOCIOECONOMIC MOBILITY, EXPECTATIONS AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS INEQUALITY IN BRAZIL

PlumX

Mensagem

[1] André Salata is professor at the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), visiting scholar of the Sociology Department at Cardiff University (UK) and has a scholarship in Research Productivity from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq-Brazil). He has PhD in Sociology, from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), and during this period he was academic visitor at the University of Oxford, UK. He has worked (2009-2014) as research assistant at the Metropolis Observatory (UFRJ), where he continues to act as a researcher. He is currently coordinator of the Brazilian Center for Research on Democracy (CBPD/PUCRS) and editor of Sociologies in Dialogue, journal of the Brazilian Sociological Society (SBS). His field of research are Social Stratification and Inequalities, focusing on Education, Class, Income and Quantitative Methodology. Among his publications we can highlight: “Quem é classe média no Brasil? Um estudo sobre identidades de classe”, “Schooling as a positional good: the Brazilian metropolitan regions in recent decades” and “Ensino superior no Brasil das últimas décadas: redução nas desigualdades de acesso?”