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Lima (2008LIMA, J. D. et al. Accumulation of nitrogen compounds and nitrate reductase activity in lettuce cultivated in different crop systems. Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical, Goiânia, v. 38, n. 3, p. 180-187, 2008.), Brazil |
To study the accumulation of nitrogen compounds and the activity of the nitrate reductase enzyme in lettuce produced under different cultivation systems. |
Regardless of the part of the plant that was analyzed, there was always a greater accumulation of nitrate in the hydroponic system, followed by the conventional system and, finally, the organic system. |
|
Rossi et al. (2008ROSSI, F. et al. Health-promoting substances and heavy metal content in tomatoes grown with different farming techniques. European Journal of Nutrition, Berlin, v. 47, n. 5, p. 266-272, 2008.), Italy |
To evaluate health-promoting substances and the heavy metal content in tomatoes grown using conventional techniques of integrated pest management (IPM) and organic agriculture. |
Organic tomatoes contained more salicylic acid and slightly higher protein content than conventionally grown fruits. In addition, pesticide residues were not detected in organics. |
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Almeida; Carneiro; Vilela (2009ALMEIDA, V. E. S.; CARNEIRO, F. F.; VILELA, N. J. Agrotóxicos em hortaliças: segurança alimentar, riscos socioambientais e políticas públicas para promoção da saúde. Tempus: Actas em Saúde Coletiva, Brasília, DF, v. 4, n. 4, p. 84-99, 2009.), Brazil |
To present the food insecurity scenario in Brazil associated with the contamination of vegetables by pesticides and the challenges of public policies to promote health by encouraging healthy consumption. |
It was found that the group of vegetables represents 19.75% of the consumption of active fungicide ingredients in the country. The presence of pesticide residues, already banned in several countries, was detected in 87% of the crops. |
|
Arbos et al. (2010ARBOS, K. A. et al. Atividade antioxidante e teor de fenólicos totais em hortaliças orgânicas e convencionais. Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Campinas, v. 30, n. 2, p. 501-506, 2010. ), Brazil |
To compare the antioxidant activity and the total phenolic content between lettuce, arugula, and common chicory from organic and conventional crops, planted in the same garden. |
The antioxidant activity was higher in arugula, common chicory, and organic lettuce, respectively, when compared to conventional arugula, common chicory, and lettuce. The total phenolic content was higher in organic vegetables. |
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Maciel et al. (2011MACIEL, L. F. et al. Antioxidant activity, total phenolic compounds and flavonoids of mangoes coming from biodynamic, organic and conventional cultivations in threematuration stages. British Food Journal, Bingley, v. 113, n. 9, p. 1103-1113, 2011.), Brazil |
To evaluate the antioxidant activities of mangoes grown in biodynamic, organic, and conventional systems at three maturation stages. |
Biodynamic mangoes had greater antioxidant activity in unripe and ripe fruits; in organic mangoes, the antioxidant activity was higher in unripe fruits and also showed higher values of phenolic compounds in all stages of maturation. Conventional mangoes showed lower values for all evaluated parameters. |
|
Rosa et al. (2011ROSA, C. L. S. et al. Caracterização físico-química, nutricional e instrumental de quatro acessos de tomate italiano (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill) do tipo ‘Heirloom’ produzido sob manejo orgânico para elaboração de polpa concentrada. Alimentos e Nutrição , Araraquara, v. 22, n. 4, p. 649-656, 2011.), Brazil |
To characterize the physical-chemical, nutritional, and instrumental characteristics of color and texture of Italian tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill) of the ‘heirloom’ type, produced under organic management for the preparation of concentrated pulp. |
No residues of organophosphate and organochlorine pesticides were found in any of the samples. The ‘heirloom’ tomato accessions evaluated showed good quality in relation to the acidity/sugar balance and lycopene levels. |
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Skwarlo-Sonta et al. (2011SKWARLO-SONTA, K. et al. Response of animal physiology to organic versus conventional food production methods. NJAS: Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences , Amsterdam, v. 58, n. 3-4, p. 89-96, 2011.), Poland |
To analyze the effects on feeding in conventional and organic cultures, on growth, chemical composition, hematological parameters, plasma antioxidant capacity, hormonal balance, and immune status of male Wistar rats. |
The levels of flavonol, polyphenol, and lutein were higher in organic foods. Hemoglobin content, plasma oxidizing capacity, hormonal balance were also higher in rats fed with organic cultures. The rats fed with conventional cultures showed greater body fat and an imbalance of the immune system. |
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Costa et al. (2012COSTA, E. A. et al. Evaluation of microbiological lettuces (Lacuta sativa L.) conventional and organic and efficiency of two cases of sanitation. Alimentos e Nutrição, Araraquara, v. 23, n. 3, p. 387-392, 2012.), Brazil |
To evaluate in lettuces, from conventional and organic crops, two cleaning processes: the traditional and the proposed test method, using a specific detergent for vegetables and coliforms determinations at 45 ° C (thermotolerant) and Salmonella sp. |
Conventional samples showed greater contamination of coliforms at 45 ° C than organic samples. Conventional and organic samples washed with detergent had a significant reduction in the thermotolerant coliform count of approximately 50%. |
| Średnicka-Tober et al. (2013), Poland |
To quantify the effect on fertilization and application of pesticides in conventional and organic systems in rat diets and body composition, growth, parameters of the hormonal and immunological status of the animals. |
Higher concentrations of polyphenols, protein and body ash were observed in organic foods. The use of mineral fertilizers increased Cd, Ni, Cu, and Pb compared to organic crops. No significant differences were found in the body composition, growth and immune system of the rats. |
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Rossa et al. (2013ROSSA, L. S. et al. Resistência antimicrobiana e ocorrência de micro-organismos patogênicos e indicadores em frangos orgânicos e convencionais: estudo comparativo. Biotemas, Florianópolis, v. 26, n. 3, p. 211-220, 2013.), Brazil |
To comparatively evaluate the occurrence of pathogenic and indicator bacteria and the antimicrobial resistance of enterobacteria isolated from organic and conventional chicken carcasses. |
Enterobacteria isolated from organic chicken carcasses showed lower antimicrobial resistance. The restricted or absent use of antibiotics in organic production may contribute to the lower risk of transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria through the consumption of chicken meat. |
Benbrook et al. (2013BENBROOK, C. M. et al. Organic production enhances milk nutritional quality by shifting fatty acid composition: a United States-wide, 18-month study. PLoS ONE, São Francisco, v. 8, n. 12, art. e82429, 2013. Disponível em: <Disponível em: https://bit.ly/35oBodj >. Acesso em: 1º set. 2019.
https://bit.ly/35oBodj...
), United States |
To quantify the composition of milk fat on a large scale in the United States, comparing milk from organic and conventional farms. |
Organic milk had a higher protein content and the national average ratios of linoleic acid/α-linolenic acid and ω-6/ω-3 were 2.6 and 2.3 respectively for samples of organic milk, compared to 6.3 and 5.8 for conventionally produced milk samples. |
Bohn et al. (2014BOHN, T. et al. Compositional differences in soybeans on the market: glyphosate accumulates in roundup ready GM soybeans. Food Chemistry, Amsterdam, v. 153, p. 207-215, 2014. Disponível em: <Disponível em: https://bit.ly/2GT3Fz5 >. Acesso em: 14 jul. 2019.
https://bit.ly/2GT3Fz5...
), United States |
To investigate whether soybean cultivars produced under different agricultural practices are substantially equivalent in nutritional content, elemental characteristics, and herbicide/pesticide residues. |
The glyphosate-tolerant transgenic soybean showed high glyphosate residues. Organic soy contained more sugars, proteins, and zinc and less saturated fat showing a healthier nutritional profile than transgenic soy. These cultivars are not substantially equivalent. |
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Kohn et al. (2015KOHN, R. A. G. et al. Physical and chemical characteristics of melon in organic farming. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, Campina Grande, v. 19, n. 7, p. 656-662, 2015.), Brazil |
To study the postharvest quality of melon grown in an organic system. |
The organic management produced fruits with higher levels of sugar, total carotenoids, ascorbic acid, and folates, obtaining more balanced fruits, with better phytochemical quality. |
López-Yerena et al. (2019LÓPEZ-YERENA, A. et al. Effects of organic and conventional growing systems on the phenolic profile of extra-virgin olive oil. Molecules, Basel, v. 24, n. 10, 2019. Disponível em: <Disponível em: https://bit.ly/3lqCWZT >. Acesso em: 1º set. 2019.
https://bit.ly/3lqCWZT...
), Spain |
Compare the content of polyphenols (secairidoids, flavones, phenolic alcohols, phenolic acids, and lignans) in extra virgin olive oil from the Hojiblanca variety, produced by organic and conventional production systems under the same environmental conditions. |
Significantly higher levels of total phenols and secairidoids phenolic compounds (oleuropein, ligstroside, oleocanthal, and elenolic acid derivatives) were found in extra virgin olive oils when compared to conventional oils. The concentration of total phenolic alcohols was not affected by the production systems. |
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