Exclusive breastfeeding frequency at 30 days of life: review of longitudinal studies

Mosquera, Paola Soledad; Lourenço, Bárbara Hatzlhoffer; Cardoso, Marly Augusto

doi:10.1590/S0104-12902022210414en

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

Critical Literature Review • Saude soc. 31 (4) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-12902022210414en copy

Exclusive breastfeeding frequency at 30 days of life: review of longitudinal studies¹ 1 Paola Soledad Mosquera received a Master’s degree scholarship from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development of Brazil (CNPq), for the Graduate Program in Public Health (process no. 133448/2016-9). Marly Augusto Cardoso is a CnPq Productivity Fellow (process no. 310528/2017-8). Research supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil (FAPESP, processo no. 2016/00270-6). The opinions, hypotheses, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the vision of CNPq and FAPESP.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Early life feeding can affect children’s development and survival. Adherence to breastfeeding practices and regular monitoring is essential. This study aims to conduct an integrative review of longitudinal studies on the frequency of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) at 30 days of life. Articles were retrieved from the PubMed and LILACS databases. The combination of descriptors used was: “prospective study” and “breast feeding.” The search was limited to articles published between 2015 and 2020 in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. We selected 17 original studies. Despite their methodological differences regarding sample size and type, follow-up period, and EBF definition and measurement method, results indicated a high rate of breastfeeding initiation (≥86%) and a wide variation in the occurrence of EBF at 30 days of life (4.5% - 86%) with substantial decline (<60%) in 63% of the investigated areas. These results are far from complying with the recommendation from the World Health Organization of maintaining EBF up to the sixth month of a child’s life and point to the need for further investigations with a standardized methodology to allow for comparisons within and between countries, aiming at planning actions which support breastfeeding.

Keywords:
Breast feeding; Lactation; Review; Longitudinal Studies; Cohort Studies

Author	Country - Region - research year	Sample characteristics (Follow-up period)	Definition of EBF	Method for Data Collection	BF practices (%)
Author	Country - Region - research year	Sample characteristics (Follow-up period)	Definition of EBF	Method for Data Collection	BF initiation	EBF initiation	EBF 30 days
Oribe et al. 2015ORIBE, M. et al. Prevalence of factors associated with the duration of exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months of life in the INMA birth cohort in Gipuzkoa. Gaceta Sanitaria, Barcelona, v. 29, n. 1, p. 4-9, 2015. DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2014.08.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2014.08...	Spain - Gipuzkoa	INMA birth cohort	Feeding only with BM except for water and juices	Questionnaire on type of BF in the period, reasons for the onset of artificial feeding and who advised to discontinue EBF		84.8	76.2
	2006/2008	Population base with prenatal follow-up
		n=547 (14 months)
Grimshaw and col. 2015GRIMSHAW, K. E. et al. Prospective food diaries demonstrate breastfeeding characteristics in a UK birth cohort. Maternal & child nutrition, Hoboken, v. 11, n. 4, p. 703-711, 2015. DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12052 https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12052...	United Kingdom - Southampton	Birth cohort - “PIFA study”	WHO 2008WHO - WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. Indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices: conclusions of a consensus meeting held 6-8 November 2007 in Washington D.C., USA. Geneva, 2008.	Registration of infant feeding practices in daily calendar	89.0		38.7
	2006/2008	Population base
		n=718 (24 months)
Verduci et al. 2017VERDUCI, E. et al. Duration of exclusive breastfeeding and wheezing in the first year of life: A longitudinal study. Allergologia et Immunopathologia, Madrid, v. 45, n. 4, p. 316-324, 2017. DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2016.08.013 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aller.2016.08....	Italy - Milan	Birth cohort	WHO 2008WHO - WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. Indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices: conclusions of a consensus meeting held 6-8 November 2007 in Washington D.C., USA. Geneva, 2008.	Registration of infant feeding practices in daily calendar	95.9	86.1	61.2
	2013/2014	Convenience sample in BFH
		n=1522 (12 months)
Cernigliaro et al. 2019CERNIGLIARO, A. et al. Association of the Individual and Context Inequalities on the Breastfeeding: A Study from the Sicily Region. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Basel, v. 16, n. 19, p. 3514, 2019. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193514 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193514...	Italy - Sicily	IN Primis cohort of mother-child pairs	WHO 2008WHO - WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. Indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices: conclusions of a consensus meeting held 6-8 November 2007 in Washington D.C., USA. Geneva, 2008.	24hR - Questionnaire based on previous survey used in Italy	86.0	33.7	37.9
	2017	Probabilistic sample
		n=1055 (6 months)
Shao et al. 2018SHAO, H. H. et al. Postpartum Weight Retention Risk Factors in a Taiwanese Cohort Study. Obesity Facts, Basel, v. 11, n. 1, p. 37-45, 2018. DOI: 10.1159/000484934 https://doi.org/10.1159/000484934...	Taiwan - Northern Region	Cohort of women who gave birth at a medical center	Only BM from birth^a	Questions about type of feeding (BM exclusively, BM and formula, or only formula) and method (direct breastfeeding, bottle, or both)^a			41.2
	2014/2016	Convenience sample
		n=461 (6 months)
Tengku et al. 2016TENGKU ISMAIL, T.A.; WAN MUDA, W.A. M.; BAKAR, M.I. The extended Theory of Planned Behavior in explaining exclusive breastfeeding intention and behavior among women in Kelantan, Malaysia. Nutrition Research and Practice, Seoul, v. 10, n. 1, p. 49-55, 2016. DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2016.10.1.49 https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2016.10.1.49...	Malaysia - Kelantan	Cohort of pregnant women	WHO 2008WHO - WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. Indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices: conclusions of a consensus meeting held 6-8 November 2007 in Washington D.C., USA. Geneva, 2008.	Maternal report on the duration of EBF			53.0
	2011/2012	Probabilistic sample in 2 districts of the State
		n=200 (6 months)
Raheem et al. 2019RAHEEM, A. R.; CHIH, H. J.; BINNS, C. W. Maternal Depression and Breastfeeding Practices in the Maldives. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Thousand Oaks, v. 31, n. 2, p. 113-120, 2019. DOI: 10.1177/1010539519836531 https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539519836531...	Maldives - Male’	Cohort of pregnant women	WHO 1991WHO - WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. Indicators for assessing breastfeeding practices: reprinted report of an informal meeting 11-12 june 1991. Geneva, 1991.	Infant feeding attitude Scale used in previous studies on breastfeeding			26.9
	No information on the year the research was performed	Population base
		n=458 (6 months)
Mortazavi et al. 2015MORTAZAVI, F. et al. Breastfeeding Practices During the First Month Postpartum and Associated Factors: Impact on Breastfeeding Survival. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal, Dubai, v. 14, n. 4, 2015. DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.17(4)2015.27814 https://doi.org/10.5812/ircmj.17(4)2015....	Iran - Shahround	Birth cohort	WHO 2008WHO - WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. Indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices: conclusions of a consensus meeting held 6-8 November 2007 in Washington D.C., USA. Geneva, 2008.	Dietary recall from birth	100.0		33.1
	2011/2013	Convenient sample from prenatal in ten health centers
		n=358 (24 months)
Noble et al. 2019NOBLE, A. et al. Breastfeeding Intensity and Exclusivity of Early Term Infants at Birth and 1 Month. Breastfeeding Medicine, New Rochelle, v. 14, n. 6, p. 398-403, 2019. DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2018.0260 https://doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2018.0260...	Israel - Jerusalem	Birth cohort	BM only via breast or pumped	feeding recall of the 7 days prior to the interview	97.0	45.0	73.9
	2013/2014	Convenience sample from a medical center
		n=358 (1 month)
Khanal et al. 2015KHANAL, V. et al. Postpartum Breastfeeding Promotion and Duration of Exclusive Breastfeeding in Western Nepal. Birth, Hoboken, v. 42, n. 4, p. 329-336, 2015. DOI: 10.1111/birt.12184 https://doi.org/10.1111/birt.12184...	Nepal - Rupandehi	Mother-child binomials	WHO 2008WHO - WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. Indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices: conclusions of a consensus meeting held 6-8 November 2007 in Washington D.C., USA. Geneva, 2008.	Dietary recall from birth			66.9
	2014	Community base in 2 municipalities in the district
		n=649 (6 months)
Wu et al. 2019WU, X. et al. Modifiable Individual Factors Associated with Breastfeeding: A Cohort Study in China. International Journal Environmental Research Public Health, Basel, v. 16, n. 5, 2019. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16050820 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16050820...	China - Hunan	Birth cohort	WHO 2008WHO - WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. Indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices: conclusions of a consensus meeting held 6-8 November 2007 in Washington D.C., USA. Geneva, 2008.	Maternal report of the child’s feeding practices	100.0		74.4
	2015	Community-based in 3 randomly selected geographic areas†
		n=948 (6 months)
Tao et al. 2017TAO, X-Y. et al. Pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain and breast-feeding: a cohort study in China. Public Health Nutrition, Cambridge, v. 20, n. 6, p. 1001-100, 2017. DOI: 10.1017/S1368980016003165 https://doi.org/10.1017/S136898001600316...	China - Ma’anshan	Ma’anshan birth cohort	WHO 2008WHO - WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. Indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices: conclusions of a consensus meeting held 6-8 November 2007 in Washington D.C., USA. Geneva, 2008.	Questionnaire on frequency of BF practices	95.9		43.8
	2013/2014	Population base
		n=3196 (12 months)
Mei et al. 2015MEI, H. et al. Interactive Effects of Early Exclusive Breastfeeding and Pre-Pregnancy Maternal Weight Status on Young Children’s BMI - A Chinese Birth Cohort. PLoS One, San Francisco, v. 10, n. 12, 2015. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0144357 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.014...	China - Shenyang, Wuhan, Guangzhou	Birth cohort	WHO 2008WHO - WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. Indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices: conclusions of a consensus meeting held 6-8 November 2007 in Washington D.C., USA. Geneva, 2008.	Questionnaire on type of feeding			36.7
	2009/2010	Community base in 3 urban areas†
		n=2220 (24 months)
Babakazo et al. 2015BABAKAZO P. et al. Predictors of discontinuing exclusive breastfeeding before six months among mothers in Kinshasa: a prospective study. International Breastfeeding Journal, New York, v. 10, n. 19, 2015. DOI: 10.1186/s13006-015-0044-7 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13006-015-0044-...	Democratic Republic of the Congo - Kinshasa	Cohort of mother-child pairs	WHO 2008WHO - WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. Indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices: conclusions of a consensus meeting held 6-8 November 2007 in Washington D.C., USA. Geneva, 2008.	24hR (If another food was mentioned besides the BM, the mother informed the age at which the baby received this food)	100.0	87.5	75.0
	2012/2013	Probabilistic sample in 2 districts of the city
		n=422 (6 months)
Mosquera et al. 2019MOSQUERA, P.S. et al. Factors affecting exclusive breastfeeding in the first month of life among Amazonian children. PLoS One , San Francisco, v. 14, n. 7, 2019. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219801 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.021...	Brazil -Cruzeiro do Sul	MINA birth cohort	WHO 2008WHO - WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. Indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices: conclusions of a consensus meeting held 6-8 November 2007 in Washington D.C., USA. Geneva, 2008.	Dietary recall from birth	95.1^a	93.9^a	36.7
	2015/2016	Population base
		n=962 (1 month)
Margotti and Mattiello 2016MARGOTTI, E.; MATTIELLO, R. Fatores de risco para o desmame precoce. Revista da Rede de Enfermagem do Nordeste, Fortaleza, v. 17, n. 4, p. 537-544, 2016. DOI: 10.15253/2175-6783.2016000400014 https://doi.org/10.15253/2175-6783.20160...	Brazil- Chapecó and Porto Alegre	Birth cohort	WHO 2008WHO - WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. Indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices: conclusions of a consensus meeting held 6-8 November 2007 in Washington D.C., USA. Geneva, 2008. ^a	Dietary recall from birth	100.0	100.0	86.0
	2012/2013	Random^a sample from 2 urban hospitals
		n=300 (4 months)
Patil et al. 2015PATIL, C. L. et al. Early interruption of exclusive breastfeeding: results from the eight-country MAL-ED study. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, New York, v. 34, n. 10, 2015. DOI: 10.1186/s41043-015-0004-2 https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-015-0004-...	Bangladesh - Dhaka	Birth cohort	Labbok; Krasovec 1990LABBOK, M; KRASOVEC, K. Toward consistency in breastfeeding definitions. Studies in Family Planning, Hoboken, v. 21, n. 4, p. 226-230, 1990.	24hR applied weekly + monthly questionnaire on child feeding practices and use of supplements	100.0		84.7
	India - Vellore	MAL-ED study			100.0		81.0
	Nepal - Bhaktapur	Community convenience sample			100.0		55.5
	Pakistan*	n = 2053 (24 months)			100.0		4.5
	África do Sul-Venda				97.8		29.5
	Tanzânia-Haydom				100.0		55.9
	Brazil - Fortaleza				100.0		59.7
	Peru - Loreto				100.0		38.2
	2009/2012

Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo. Associação Paulista de Saúde Pública. Av. dr. Arnaldo, 715, Prédio da Biblioteca, 2º andar sala 2, 01246-904 São Paulo - SP - Brasil, Tel./Fax: +55 11 3061-7880 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: saudesoc@usp.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] Correspondence: Paola Soledad Mosquera - Rua Leopoldo Couto de Magalhães Junior, 550, Itaim Bibi, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. CEP: 04542-000.