Proposal for integrated analysis of public health emergencies involving arboviruses: the case of the Zika virus in Brazil

ABSTRACT

The change in the pattern of occurrence of microcephaly associated with Zika virus infection in pregnant women in Brazil resulted in the declaration of a Public Health Emergency of National and International Concern. Coordinated and inter-sector efforts were required, but there were not always effective responses or preparation of the affected populations. The Zika epidemic impacted public policies, including health policy, both in scientific research, proposals for control measures, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. The study aimed to propose an integrated analysis for the approach to future health emergencies, with a focus on arboviral infections. Based on the Brazilian experience with the Zika epidemic and the related literature, the analysis links four dimensions: vulnerabilities and risk; the population’s socioeconomic conditions and impacts; development and use of technologies and research; and the health system’s response and reprogramming. The aim is to allow specific research focuses to measure the possible outcomes and generate new evidence on the epidemic’s effect on health systems. Scientific knowledge and its gaps are the main integrating elements in these analytic dimensions, aimed at contributing with a more timely and effective response in future emergencies. Besides the acquired knowledge, it is necessary to add capacity to confront future emergencies related to arbovirus epidemics.

KEYWORDS Zika virus; Arbovirus infections; Disaster vulnerability; Disaster emergencies; Health systems