ABSTRACT
The national political-economic debate in the recent times has pointed to the need for Brazil to carry out structural reforms that will enable it to overcome one of the greatest economic crises in its history. This text deals mainly with issues involving a Tax Reform for the country, highlighting the theoretical framework that guides it at the international level (the Optimal Tax Theory) and the need to correct the main (direct and indirect) distortions arising from current national tax arrangement. Based on those aspects, the main objective of the article was to discuss, in the light of international experience and of the theoretical and empirical accumulation of the national literature, the paths that Brazil can follow that contribute to a Tax Reform that is at the same time a promoter of efficiency and equity. It is concluded that a better calibration of the Brazilian tax system can be offset by the change in indirect taxation in favor of a Value-Added Tax, and that tax justice to be able to be increasing taxation on capital and equity, in compliance with the theorical propositions of optimal tax theory.
KEYWORDS
Tax Reform; Efficiency; Equity; Optimal Taxation