Food or commodity? Indicators of food self-sufficiency in Agribusiness territories, Mato Grosso, Brazil

Corrêa, Marcia Leopoldina Montanari; Pignati, Wanderlei Antônio; Pignatti, Marta Gislene; Machado, Jorge Mesquita Huet; Lima, Francco Antonio Neri de Souza e

doi:10.1590/0103-1104201912307

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Saúde debate 43 (123) • Oct-Dec 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-1104201912307 copy

Food or commodity? Indicators of food self-sufficiency in Agribusiness territories, Mato Grosso, Brazil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The land use for the production of agricultural commodities in municipalities of the agribusiness in Mato Grosso state has been occupying space for food production. The objective of this study was to present and discuss a composite indicator of self-sufficiency assessment in the production of food in interface with the implications of the agribusiness productive model, in the perspective of the food sovereignty of the territories, based on a case study carried out in the counties Campos de Júlio, Sapezal and Campo Novo dos Parecis. Socioeconomic data were collected based on the IBGE/2010 Demographic Census, Profile of Brazilian States and Municipalities/IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics), 2014, and the Agricultural Census of 2006. For production survey, data available in the IBGE System of Automatic Recovery (Sidra) were used for the year of 2016. Informations were obtained on the cultivated area of cotton, rice, banana, coffee, sugarcane, citrus, beans, sunflower, corn, soybean, tomato. Interviews were conducted with rural workers and horticulturists. Based on the data, composite indicators were developed for proposing a food self-sufficiency scale in the territories studied. The results point to iniquities in the occupation of the territories, dependence on food from other regions and increased use of pesticides as a consequence of the adopted production model, affecting local food production.

KEYWORDS
Food production; Food supply; Environmental health

Indicator	Formula	Source	Reference Values	Scale
% territory destined for the production of commodities (soy, cotton, sugarcane, sunflower)	Cultivated area in hectares/total production area of the municipality x 100	IBGE-Sidra Municipal Agricultural Production Data	0 - 25%	1
			25% - 75%	2
			75% - 100%	3
% territory for the production of food (rice, beans, coffee, tomatoes, pineapples, bananas, citrus)	Cultivated area in hectares/total production area of the municipality x 100	IBGE-Sidra Municipal Agricultural Production Data	0 - 25%	3
			25% - 75%	2
			75% - 100%	1
Presence of production spaces and/or direct sale of food to the consumer	Presence of fairs, vegetable gardens, fisheries, dairy products, farms, sausages, orchards	Interviews and data from the Agricultural Defense Institute of Mato Grosso (Indea-MT)	- Presence of at least 02 items;	1
			- Presence of vegetable gardens only;	2
			- Absence	3
Pesticide use per year	Pesticide consumption estimate proposed by Pignati et al., 2017, based on data from Indea-MT	Volume of pesticides used per year (liters)	Between 100 liters and 1,999,999 liters	1
			Entre 2,000,000 and 5,000,000 liters	2
			Above 5,000,000 liters	3
Perception of rural Workers on local/regional food production	- Difficulty in Local/Regional Food Production	Categories raised in interviews with rural workers and small producers (horticulturists)	No	0
	- Difficulty in Local/Regional Food Production		Yes	1
	- Inequities in the Occupation of territories;		No	0
	- Inequities in the Occupation of territories;		Yes	1
	- Dependence on food produced in other regions		No	0
	- Dependence on food produced in other regions		Yes	1

Category	Crop (ha)	C. N. Parecis (A)	Campos de Julio (B)	Sapezal (C)	Total in the region (A+B+C)	Mato Grosso	Cultivated area/crop in the region in relation to MT (%)
Commodities	Cotton	48,581	27,496	128,469	204,546	606,314	33.70
	Sugarcane	34,661	9,100	0	43,761	280,191	15.60
	Sunflower	15,830	860	1,985	18,675	29,122	64
	Corn	146,800	129,036	153,000	428,836	3,900,268	11
	Soy	380,000	186,079	368,368	934,447	9,147,863	10
	%	98%	97%	99%	98%	97%	---
Grains^* * Cereals, leguminous plants and other agricultural products for the production of processed foods, animal feed, fuels and other purposes.	Rice	0	810	0	810	174,263	0.46
	Coffee	0	0	0	0	16,293	0
	Bean	13,440	9,768	8,250	31,458	251,672	12.50
	%	2%	3%	1,2%	2%	3%	---
Vegetables and Fruits^ Cereals, leguminous plants, vegetables and fruits that directly compose the Brazilian diet, according to IBGE.	Abacaxi	1	0	0	1	1,449	0.07
	Banana	0	0	0	0	6,967	0
	Citrus	0	0	0	0	937	0
	Tomate	0	0	0	0	243	0
	%	0	0	0	0	0,07%	---
Totais		639,313	363,149	660,072	1,662,534	14,418,300	11.50

Municalities	Area for the production of Commodities (A)		Area for the production of Foods (B)		Spaces Production and/or direct sales to consumers (C)	Volume of pesticides used (D)	Perception of rural workers regarding local food production (E)	Total^* * 1 to 5 points: Commodities and food production occurs concomitantly; 6 to 10 points: Local/regional food production is restricted; 11 to 15 points: Local/regional food production is rendered unfeasible by the production of commodities, affecting the food sovereignty of the territory. (A+B+C +D+E)
Municalities	%	Reference value	%	Reference value	Reference value	Reference value	Reference value
Campos de Júlio	97	3	3	3	1	2	1	10
Campo Novo dos Parecis	98	3	2	3	1	2	2	11
Sapezal	99	3	1.2	3	2	3	3	14

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