Bentonite |
Particle type |
Granular |
Aggregate size distribution (mm) (ASTM, 2017bASTM D6913. (2017b). Standard test methods for particle-size distribution (gradation) of soils using sieve analysis. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.) |
D
10
|
- |
D
30
|
- |
D
60
|
- |
D
90
|
0.3 |
Plastic Index (%) (ASTM, 2017cASTM D4318. (2017c). Standard test methods for liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index of soils. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.) |
252 |
Avg. Dry mass /area (g/m2) (ASTM, 2018bASTM D5993-18. (2018b). Standard test method for measuring mass per unit area of geosynthetic clay liners. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.) |
4964 |
Swell Index (ml/2g) (ASTM, 2019bASTM D5890. (2019b). Standard test method for swell index of clay mineral component of geosynthetic clay liners. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.) |
25 |
Fluid Loss (ASTM, 2019cASTM D5891. (2019c). Standard test method for fluid loss of clay component of geosynthetic clay liners. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.) |
18 |
Smectite content (%) |
80 |
Cation Exchange capacity (meq/100g) (ASTM, 2018cASTM D7503. (2018c). Standard test method for measuring the exchange complex and cation exchange capacity of inorganic fine-grained soils. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.) |
140 |
Cover |
Type |
WGT |
Avg. mass /area (g/m2) (ASTM, 2018aASTM D5261. (2018a). Standard test method for measuring mass per unit area of geotextiles. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.) |
130 |
Polymer |
PP |
Carrier |
Type |
NWGT |
Avg. mass /area (g/m2) (ASTM, 2018aASTM D5261. (2018a). Standard test method for measuring mass per unit area of geotextiles. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.) |
200 |
Polymer |
PP |
GCL |
Thermally treated |
yes |
Bonding strength (ASTM, 2020bASTM D6496-03. (2020b). Standard test method for determining average bonding peel strength between top and bottom layers of needle-punched geosynthetic clay liners. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.) |
NP |
Thickness (mm) (ASTM, 2020cASTM D1776. (2020c). Standard practice for conditioning and testing textiles. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.) |
7.0 |
Initial gravimetric water contents |
21 |
Reference gravimetric water content (%) (ASTM, 2019aASTM D2216-19. (2019a). Standard test methods for laboratory determination of water (moisture) content of soil and rock by mass. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.) |
182.7 |
Tensile strength (kN/m) (ASTM, 2020dASTM D6768. (2020d). Standard test method for tensile strength of geosynthetic clay liners. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.) |
12.0 |
Peel strength (N/m) (ASTM, 2020eASTM D6469. (2020e). Standard guide for microbial contamination in fuels and fuel systems. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.) |
150 |
Hydraulic conductivity (m/s) (ASTM, 2020aASTM D5887. (2020a). Standard test method for measurement of index flux through saturated geosynthetic clay liner specimens using a flexible wall permeameter. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.) |
1.2x |