Figure 1
Typical pressuremeter MPM and PAF expansion curves (Baguelin et al., 1978Baguelin, F., Jézéquel, J.F., & Shields, D.H. (1978). The pressuremeter and foundation engineering (617 p.). Clausthal-Zellerfeld: Trans Tech Publications.).
Figure 2
MPM (a) τ-s (= t-z) and (b) q-sb (= q-zb) curves (Frank & Zhao, 1982Frank, R., & Zhao, S.R. (1982). Estimation par les paramètres pressiométriques de l’enfoncement sous charge axiale de pieux forés dans des sols fins (Bulletin de Liaison des Laboratoires des Ponts et Chaussées, No. 119). Paris: Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées. (in French).).
Figure 3
Comparison of measured and calculated load-settlement curves for the Koekelare pile (Bustamante & Frank, 1999Bustamante, M., & Frank, R. (1999). Current French design practice for axially loaded piles (Ground Engineering, pp. 38-44). London: Transport Research Laboratory.).
Figure 4
Comparison of the experimental curve with the participants’ predictions (Reiffsteck, 2006Reiffsteck, P. (2006). Portance et tassements d’une fondation profonde - Présentation des résultats du concours de prévision. In Proceedings of the International Symposium 50 years of Pressuremeters (ISP 5-Pressio 2005) (pp. 521-535), Marne-la-Vallée. Presses des Ponts (in French).).
Figure 5
FEM mesh for the study of the mechanism of shaft friction of piles in isotropic linear elastic media (Frank, 1974Frank, R. (1974). Etude théorique du comportement des pieux sous charge vertical: introduction de la dilatance [Doctoral thesis] Université P. et M. Curie (Paris VI) (in French).).
Figure 6
Sketch of the mechanism of pure shearing of vertical concentric annuli (Frank, 1974Frank, R. (1974). Etude théorique du comportement des pieux sous charge vertical: introduction de la dilatance [Doctoral thesis] Université P. et M. Curie (Paris VI) (in French).).
Figure 7
Parameter k as a function of D/2r0 and ν (in isotropic elasticity) (Baguelin & Frank, 1980Baguelin, F., & Frank, R. (1980). Theoretical studies of piles using the finite element method. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Numerical Methods in Offshore Piling (pp. 83-91), London. Institution of Civil Engineers.).
Figure 8
Shear curve (τ,γ) derived from a PAF expansion test and corresponding shaft friction curve (τ0,w0/r0) at 3 m depth for the Plancoët pile (Baguelin et al., 1982Baguelin, F., Frank, R., & Jézéquel, J.-F. (1982). Parameters for friction piles in marine soils. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference of Numerical Methods in Offshore Piling (pp. 197-214), Austin. University of Texas at Austin.).
Figure 9
Comparison of measured and calculated load-settlement curves for the pull-out test at Cran.
Figure 10
Comparison of measured and calculated load-settlement curves for the pull-out test at Plancoët.
Figure 11
p-y reaction curve from MPM results for long duration loadings (Baguelin et al., 1978Baguelin, F., Jézéquel, J.F., & Shields, D.H. (1978). The pressuremeter and foundation engineering (617 p.). Clausthal-Zellerfeld: Trans Tech Publications.).
Figure 12
Provins pile: comparison of measured and calculated bending moments and displacements for head loading (
Bigot et al., 1982Bigot, G., Bourges, F., & Frank, R. (1982). Etude expérimentale d’un pieu soumis aux poussées latérales du sol. Revue Française de Géotechnique, 18(18), 29-47. (in French). http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/geotech/1982018029.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/geotech/198201...
).
Figure 13
Provins pile: comparison of measured and calculated bending moments and displacements after 3 months of consolidation under final height of embankment (
Bigot et al., 1982Bigot, G., Bourges, F., & Frank, R. (1982). Etude expérimentale d’un pieu soumis aux poussées latérales du sol. Revue Française de Géotechnique, 18(18), 29-47. (in French). http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/geotech/1982018029.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/geotech/198201...
).
Figure 14
Bi-dimensional FEM mesh in isotropic linear elastic media for a cross-section L/B = 2 (Baguelin et al., 1979Baguelin, F., Carayannacou-Trézos, S., & Frank, R. (1979). Réaction latérale des pieux: effets de forme et effets tridimensionnels (Bulletin de Liaison des Laboratoires des Ponts et Chaussées, No. 104). Paris: Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (in French).).
Figure 15
Pfront. and Ptang. for ν = 0.33 from 2D finite element calculations.
Figure 16
Pfront. and Ptang. for ν = 0.45 from 2D finite element calculations.
Figure 17
FEM mesh in isotropic linear elastic media for 3D study of laterally loaded piles for piles with D/2r0 = 10.
Figure 18
Equivalent horizontal reaction modulus in an intact soil Esi(u) as a function of the slenderness ratio l/2r0 (= D/2r0), of the relative pile-soil stiffness Ep/E and of the head loading (H or M).
Figure 19
p-y curves derived from PAF expansion curves (Amar et al., 1981aAmar, S., Baguelin, F., Frank, R., & Jézéquel, J.F. (1981a). L’autoforage. Travaux, 552, 63-76. (in French)., bAmar, S., Baguelin, F., Frank, R., & Jézéquel, J.F. (1981b). L’autoforage (Erratum et addendum). Travaux, 553, 91. (in French).).
Figure 20
Design lengths for the reaction curves of barrettes (France, 1993France. Ministère de l'Equipement, du logement et des transports – MELT. (1993). Règles Techniques de Conception et de Calcul des Fondations des Ouvrages de Génie Civil. Cahier des clauses techniques générales applicables aux marchés publics de travaux. Journaux Officiels (Fascicule No. 62, Titre V, Textes Officiels N° 93-3 T.O). (in French).; AFNOR, 2012AFNOR P 94-262. (2012). Justification des ouvrages géotechniques. Normes d'application nationale de l'Eurocode 7 - Fondations profondes. Association Française de Normalization, Paris (in French).).
Figure 21
Lateral reaction curves for the design of barrettes.
Table 1
Correlations between PAF and MPM moduli (Jézéquel & Le Méhauté, 1979Jézéquel, J.F., & Le Méhauté, A. (1979). Rapport de F.A.E.R. Paris: Laboratoire Régional des Ponts et Chaussées de St Brieuc. (in French).).
Table 2
Ratio EsM/EM for estimating the Ménard horizontal reaction modulus EsM from the pressuremeter modulus EM (Baguelin et al., 1978Baguelin, F., Jézéquel, J.F., & Shields, D.H. (1978). The pressuremeter and foundation engineering (617 p.). Clausthal-Zellerfeld: Trans Tech Publications.).
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