Potencial Antagônico de Trichoderma harzianum e Purpureocillium lilacinum contra Ceratocystis fimbriata em solo cultivado com eucalipto

Antonio, Gabriel Leonardi; Firmino, Ana Carolina

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Summa Phytopathol. 50 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-5405/263714 copiar

Potencial Antagônico de Trichoderma harzianum e Purpureocillium lilacinum contra Ceratocystis fimbriata em solo cultivado com eucalipto

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

O cultivo de eucalipto tem grande importância no Brasil. A murcha-de-ceratocystis, é uma doença com grande importância econômica no país nas culturas do eucalipto, cacau e manga. São necessárias novas alternativas para o manejo da doença, pois frequentemente plantas infectadas precisam ser removidas, causando prejuízo aos produtores. Esse estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar a eficiência dos agentes de controle biológico (Trichoderma harzianum e Purpureocillium lilacinum) em diferentes modos de aplicação contra Ceratocystis fimbriata no solo. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação em Dracena – SP em duas fases, uma durante 4 meses com mudas de 90 dias e outra durante 2 meses com mudas de 60 dias. Os seguintes tratamentos foram realizados: Solo infestado e imersão (IS + S); Solo infestado e hidrogel (IS + H); Solo infestado por irrigação (IS + IR); Solo infestado com pó (IS + P); Controle negativo (NC); e Controle positivo (CP). Os resultados indicaram que plantas inoculadas com o patógeno e tratadas com os agentes de controle tendem a apresentam maior índice de clorofila. Os tratamentos com ambos agentes biológicos de controle aplicados em forma de irrigação ou pó no solo (IS+IR e IS+P) apresentaram os melhores e mais consistentes resultados nas duas idades de mudas avaliadas.

Palavras-chave
controle biológico; fungos antagonistas; murcha

Treatments	Stem diameter (mm)		SDM^* * SDM: shoot dry mass; SFM: shoot fresh mass; CV: Coefficient of variation; CVT: Coefficient of variation of the data transformed into neperian logarithm of Y - Ln(Y). Values followed by the same lowercase letter do not differ from each other in the columns, according to Tukey’s Test at 5% probability. (g)		SFM^* * SDM: shoot dry mass; SFM: shoot fresh mass; CV: Coefficient of variation; CVT: Coefficient of variation of the data transformed into neperian logarithm of Y - Ln(Y). Values followed by the same lowercase letter do not differ from each other in the columns, according to Tukey’s Test at 5% probability. (g)
Treatments	TRI	PUR	TRI	PUR	TRI	PUR
IS+S	6.33 b	6.82 a	22.08 ab	23.96 b	54.12 a	64.81 ab
IS+H	7.32 a	7.35 a	21.78 b	23.15 b	57.13 a	58.58 ab
IS+IR	7.00 ab	7.39 a	23.69ab	24.49 b	61.43 a	63.91 ab
IS+P	6.86 ab	6.94 a	27.42 a	25.13 a	66.60 a	68.87 a
NC	7.02 b	6.14 a	23.26 ab	21.80 b	61.61 a	54.40 ab
PC	7.09 b	6.47 a	22.11b	17.85 b	56.67 a	50.31 b
CV^* * SDM: shoot dry mass; SFM: shoot fresh mass; CV: Coefficient of variation; CVT: Coefficient of variation of the data transformed into neperian logarithm of Y - Ln(Y). Values followed by the same lowercase letter do not differ from each other in the columns, according to Tukey’s Test at 5% probability.	17.45	14.66	38.00	48.43	34.49	46.04
CVT^* * SDM: shoot dry mass; SFM: shoot fresh mass; CV: Coefficient of variation; CVT: Coefficient of variation of the data transformed into neperian logarithm of Y - Ln(Y). Values followed by the same lowercase letter do not differ from each other in the columns, according to Tukey’s Test at 5% probability.	11.64	9.07	9.89	23.8	20.69	22.75

Treatments^* * SDM: shoot dry mass; SFM: shoot fresh mass; CV: Coefficient of variation; CVT: Coefficient of variation of the data transformed into neperian logarithm of Y - Ln(Y). Values followed by the same lowercase letter do not differ from each other in the columns, according to Tukey’s Test at 5% probability.	Stem diameter (mm)		SDM^* * SDM: shoot dry mass; SFM: shoot fresh mass; CV: Coefficient of variation; CVT: Coefficient of variation of the data transformed into neperian logarithm of Y - Ln(Y). Values followed by the same lowercase letter do not differ from each other in the columns, according to Tukey’s Test at 5% probability. (g)		SFM^* * SDM: shoot dry mass; SFM: shoot fresh mass; CV: Coefficient of variation; CVT: Coefficient of variation of the data transformed into neperian logarithm of Y - Ln(Y). Values followed by the same lowercase letter do not differ from each other in the columns, according to Tukey’s Test at 5% probability. (g)
	TRI	PUR	TRI	PUR	TRI	PUR
IS+S	4.37 a	4.70 a	3.37 ab	3.50 a	12.12 ab	12.99 a
IS+H	4.87 a	4.65 a	4.12 a	3.41 a	13.50 ab	12.33 a
IS+IR	4.75 a	4.52 a	4.37 a	3.53 a	14.5 a	13.15 a
IS+P	4.87 a	4.52 a	3.75 a	2.50 a	13.00 ab	8.40 a
NC	4.50 a	4.50 a	3.12 ab	2.97 a	9.12 b	9.08 a
PC	4. 00 a	4.89 a	2.00 b	2.07 a	7.44 c	7.39 a
CV^* * SDM: shoot dry mass; SFM: shoot fresh mass; CV: Coefficient of variation; CVT: Coefficient of variation of the data transformed into neperian logarithm of Y - Ln(Y). Values followed by the same lowercase letter do not differ from each other in the columns, according to Tukey’s Test at 5% probability.	9.63	12.91	15.43	23.33	18.38	20.39
CVT^* * SDM: shoot dry mass; SFM: shoot fresh mass; CV: Coefficient of variation; CVT: Coefficient of variation of the data transformed into neperian logarithm of Y - Ln(Y). Values followed by the same lowercase letter do not differ from each other in the columns, according to Tukey’s Test at 5% probability.	5.25	6.75	5.50	7.87	4.84	5.11

Treatments	Clo. H. L^* * Clo. H. L: chlorophyll index of the second highest leaf; Clo. M.L: chlorophyll index of the second newest leaf of the middle branch; Clo L.L: chlorophyll index of the second newest leaf of the lower branch; CV: Coefficient of variation; CVT: Coefficient of variation of the data transformed into neperian logarithm of Y - Ln(Y).		Clo. M.L^* * Clo. H. L: chlorophyll index of the second highest leaf; Clo. M.L: chlorophyll index of the second newest leaf of the middle branch; Clo L.L: chlorophyll index of the second newest leaf of the lower branch; CV: Coefficient of variation; CVT: Coefficient of variation of the data transformed into neperian logarithm of Y - Ln(Y).		Clo. L.L^* * Clo. H. L: chlorophyll index of the second highest leaf; Clo. M.L: chlorophyll index of the second newest leaf of the middle branch; Clo L.L: chlorophyll index of the second newest leaf of the lower branch; CV: Coefficient of variation; CVT: Coefficient of variation of the data transformed into neperian logarithm of Y - Ln(Y).
Treatments	TRI	PUR	TRI	PUR	TRI	PUR
IS+S	29.63 a	29.55 ab	45.21 a	47.31 a	47.16 a	46.80 a
IS+H	30.04 a	29.24 ab	46.89 a	46.34 a	42.55 a	44.23 a
IS+IR	29.79 a	28.76 b	47.13 a	48.12 a	44.46 a	44.48 a
IS+P	31.73 a	30.61 ab	48.80 a	48.95 a	46.13 a	43.21 a
NC	28.28 a	28.08 ab	46.05 a	45.29 a	43.63 a	42.02 a
PC	30.44 a	32.73 a	47.16 a	47.10 a	45.96 a	42.67 a
CV^* * Clo. H. L: chlorophyll index of the second highest leaf; Clo. M.L: chlorophyll index of the second newest leaf of the middle branch; Clo L.L: chlorophyll index of the second newest leaf of the lower branch; CV: Coefficient of variation; CVT: Coefficient of variation of the data transformed into neperian logarithm of Y - Ln(Y).	18.63	12.12	12.47	11.57	6.59	8.12
CVT^* * Clo. H. L: chlorophyll index of the second highest leaf; Clo. M.L: chlorophyll index of the second newest leaf of the middle branch; Clo L.L: chlorophyll index of the second newest leaf of the lower branch; CV: Coefficient of variation; CVT: Coefficient of variation of the data transformed into neperian logarithm of Y - Ln(Y).	10.77	3.35	3.91	3.30	1.69	2.14

Treatments	Clo. H. L^* * Clo. H. L: chlorophyll index of the second highest leaf; Clo. M.L: chlorophyll index of the second newest leaf of the middle branch; Clo L.L: chlorophyll index of the second newest leaf of the lower branch; CV: Coefficient of variation; CVT: Coefficient of variation of the data transformed into neperian logarithm of Y - Ln(Y).		Clo. M.L^* * Clo. H. L: chlorophyll index of the second highest leaf; Clo. M.L: chlorophyll index of the second newest leaf of the middle branch; Clo L.L: chlorophyll index of the second newest leaf of the lower branch; CV: Coefficient of variation; CVT: Coefficient of variation of the data transformed into neperian logarithm of Y - Ln(Y).		Clo. L.L^* * Clo. H. L: chlorophyll index of the second highest leaf; Clo. M.L: chlorophyll index of the second newest leaf of the middle branch; Clo L.L: chlorophyll index of the second newest leaf of the lower branch; CV: Coefficient of variation; CVT: Coefficient of variation of the data transformed into neperian logarithm of Y - Ln(Y).
Treatments	TRI	PUR	TRI	PUR	TRI	PUR
IS+S	38.75 a	34.92 a	43.75 ab	42.11 a	53.50 a	51.85 a
IS+H	32.62 a	36.31 a	38.37 b	40.36 a	50.75 ab	50.09 a
IS+IR	36.00 a	33.91 a	43.50 ab	41.24 a	50.75 ab	50.59 a
IS+P	32.37 a	45.60 b	45.00 ab	45.60 a	48.37 b	54.26 a
NC	36.87 a	36.37 a	41.00 ab	40.53 a	49.62 ab	49.75 a
PC	37.33 a	37.18 a	46.00 a	46.03 a	52.33 ab	52.27 a
CV^* * Clo. H. L: chlorophyll index of the second highest leaf; Clo. M.L: chlorophyll index of the second newest leaf of the middle branch; Clo L.L: chlorophyll index of the second newest leaf of the lower branch; CV: Coefficient of variation; CVT: Coefficient of variation of the data transformed into neperian logarithm of Y - Ln(Y).	13.83	17.48	11.9	8.47	9.70	9.33
CVT^* * Clo. H. L: chlorophyll index of the second highest leaf; Clo. M.L: chlorophyll index of the second newest leaf of the middle branch; Clo L.L: chlorophyll index of the second newest leaf of the lower branch; CV: Coefficient of variation; CVT: Coefficient of variation of the data transformed into neperian logarithm of Y - Ln(Y).	4.35	5.36	3.29	2.20	2.63	2.55

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[1] Corresponding author: (gabrielleonardirex@gmail.com)