Serials |
Author/year |
Study design |
Purpose of the study |
Results and recommendations |
1 |
De Loor et al.3737. De Loor J, Decruyenaere J, Demeyere K, et al. Urinary chitinase 3-like protein 1 for early diagnosis of acute kidney injury: a prospective cohort study in adult critically ill patients. Crit Care. 2016; 20(1):38.
|
Pilot study |
To evaluate whether urinary Chitinase 3-like protein 1 (YKL-40) can predict AKI stage ≥ 2 in ICU patients compared with NGAL. |
The concentration of UCHI3L1 within 12 hours of AKI stage ≥ 2 was increased with good performance on AUC-ROC curve (0.792, 95% CI), similar to UNGAL AUC-ROC (0.748, 95% CI), and after 24 h, UCHI3L1 showed AUC-ROC twice as high (95% CI: 1.3-3.1) as controls. |
2 |
Huen et al.3838. Huen SC, Parikh CR. Molecular phenotyping of clinical AKI with novel urinary biomarkers. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2015; 309(5):F406-13.
|
Review |
Focus on future phenotyping of AKI regarding NGAL and YKL-40. |
NGAL and YKL-40 are important novel biomarkers involved in moderate renal tubular protection after AKI. |
3 |
Schmidt et al.3939. Schmidt IM, Hall IE, Kale S, et al. Chitinase-like protein Brp-39/YKL-40 modulates the renal response to ischemic injury and predicts delayed allograft function. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013; 24(2):309-19.
|
Cohort (comparative) study |
To evaluate the role of urinary and blood levels of YKL-40 in allografts after renal transplantation. |
Urinary YKL-40 increased early on, within 18 h after surgery (131.3 ± 155.2), with AUC 0.86 ± 0.07; blood YKL-40 retarded to 1 day after surgery (623 ± 285.9), with AUC 0.59 ± 0.08 |
4 |
Hall et al.4040. Hall IE, Stern EP, Cantley LG, Elias JA, Parikh CR. Urine YKL-40 is associated with progressive acute kidney injury or death in hospitalized patients. BMC Nephrol. 2014; 15:133.
|
Observational cohort study |
To measure YKL-40 levels in the urine of clinically hospitalized AKI patients. |
Urinary YKL-40 levels were detectable (≥ 5 ng/ml) within 1 h and gave better prognostic value (P = 0.04) with NGAL. |
5 |
Tatar et al.4141. Tatar E, Gungor O, Celtik A, et al. Correlation between serum YKL-40 (chitinase-3-like protein) level and proteinuria in renal transplant recipients. Ann Transplant. 2013; 18:95-100.
|
Cohort study |
To define relationship between YKL-40 and proteinuria in renal transplant recipients. |
Mean serum YKL-40 and proteinuria levels were 66 ± 46 ng/ml and 0.77 ± 1.15 g/day respectively without any apparent correlation. |
6 |
Maddens et al.3636. Maddens B, Ghesquière B, Vanholder R, et al. Chitinase-like proteins are candidate biomarkers for sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2012; 11(6):M111.013094.
|
Clinical and experimental study |
Measurement of urinary and plasma levels of Chitinase 3-like protein 1 and -3 in mice and patients with and without septic AKI. |
Urinary CHI3L1 higher in septic-AKI patients than in non-AKI (P < 0.05), but in septic-AKI mice models, CHI3L1 and -3 were found to be high. |
7 |
Malyszko et al.4242. Malyszko J, Lukaszyk E, Glowinska I, Durlik M. Biomarkers of delayed graft function as a form of acute kidney injury in kidney transplantation. Sci Rep. 2015;5:11684.
|
Review article |
Illustration of candidate biomarkers in cases of delayed graft function as a form of acute kidney injury. |
Elevated YKL-40 in both urine and serum levels of patients with DGF, 2 days after transplantation. |
8 |
Muramatsu et al.3232. Muramatsu Y, Tsujie M, Kohda Y, et al. Early detection of cysteine rich protein 61 (CYR61, CCN1) in urine following renal ischemic reperfusion injury. Kidney Int. 2002; 62(5):1601-10.
|
Experimental study |
To test CYR61 in the urinary levels of mice and rats after immediate renal ischemic reperfusion injury. |
CYR61 protein increased first within 1 h and appeared in urine 3-6 h after ischemic renal injury. |
9 |
Lai et al.4343. Lai CF, Lin SL, Chiang WC, et al. Blockade of cysteine-rich protein 61 attenuates renal inflammation and fibrosis after ischemic kidney injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2014; 307(5):F581-92.
|
Experimental study |
To investigate the role of CYR61 after unilateral IRI in mice. |
CYR61 was significantly induced at renal and urinary levels after IRI. |
10 |
Xu et al.4444. Xu Y, Shen X, Ma R, Jiang W, Zhang W. Protection of renal tubular epithelial cells from apoptosis by Cyr61 expression under hypoxia. Cell Biology International Reports. 2014; 21(2):47-52. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cbi3.10016/full. Accessed in 2016 (Jun 7). http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.10...
|
Experimental study |
To indicate CYR61 expression in renal cell lines under hypoxia |
Enhanced expression of renal CYR61 in response to hypoxic ischemic injury. |
11 |
Kim et al.4545. Kim AJ, Ro H, Kim H, et al. Klotho and S100A8/A9 as Discriminative Markers between Pre-Renal and Intrinsic Acute Kidney Injury. PLoS One. 2016; 11(1):e0147255.
|
Cohort study |
To determine possible influence of AKI on serum and urinary levels of Klotho, S100A8/A9 and NGAL |
Urinary Klotho levels were 13.21 ± 17.32 versus 72.97 ± 17.96 pg/ml (P = 0.002) in pre-renal and intrinsic AKI respectively. |
12 |
Torregrosa et al.4646. Torregrosa I, Montoliu C, Urios A, et al. Urinary Klotho measured by ELISA as an early biomarker of acute kidney injury in patients after cardiac surgery or coronary angiography. Nefrología. 2015; 35(2):172-8.
|
Cohort study |
Assessment of urinary Klotho levels in patients after cardiac surgery or coronary angiography. |
Klotho levels did not behave as a good early biomarker of AKI. |
13 |
Castellano et al.4747. Castellano G, Intini A, Stasi A, et al. Complement Modulation of Anti-Aging Factor Klotho in Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Delayed Graft Function. Am J Transplant. 2016; 16(1):325-33.
|
Experimental study |
To investigate whether or not complement components affect Klotho levels after IRI. |
Complement activation result in remarkable decline in renal Klotho levels, 24 h after IRI. |
14 |
Liu et al.4848. Liu YJ, Sun HD, Chen J, et al. Klotho: a novel and early biomarker of acute kidney injury after cardiac valve replacement surgery in adults. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015; 8(5):7351-8.
|
Case-control study |
To evaluate serum Klotho levels at different time intervals after cardiac surgery. |
Serum Klotho levels were 101.97 ± 16.93 versus 121.64 ± 19.87 (P < 0.01) in AKI and non-AKI group respectively at 0 h and continued until 4 h. After 3 days, serum Klotho values were 120.50 ± 13.17 versus 128.67 ± 18.84. |
15 |
Seo et al.4949. Seo MY, Yang J, Lee JY, et al. Renal Klotho expression in patients with acute kidney injury is associated with the severity of the injury. Korean J Intern Med. 2015;30(4):489-95.
|
Retrospective cohort study |
Assessment of renal Klotho levels in human samples instead of animal models. |
Renal Klotho levels were significant reduced with AKI severity. |
16 |
Hu et al.2929. u MC, Shi M, Zhang J, et al. Klotho deficiency is an early biomarker of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury and its replacement is protective. Kidney Int. 2010; 78(12):1240-51.
|
Experimental and case-control study |
To estimate Klotho at urinary and plasma levels, investigating probable protective ability. |
Urinary Klotho values (pmoles/l) were 2.52 ± 0.76 in AKI versus 20.66 ± 1.81 in non-AKI, with P < 0.01. |
17 |
Sugiura et al.3030. ugiura H, Yoshida T, Tsuchiya K, et al. Klotho reduces apoptosis in experimental ischaemic acute renal failure. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2005; 20(12):2636-45.
|
Experimental study |
To explain the physiological relevance of renal Klotho after IRI in rats. |
Renal Klotho levels were significantly reduced in IRI rats, 24 h after ischemia. |