Potentially inappropriate medications (ATC) |
Antipsychotics |
64 (44.6) |
|
|
Quetiapine (N05AH04) |
33 (23.0) |
Increased risk of stroke and greater rate of cognitive decline and mortality among individuals with dementia. Potential risk of falls and fractures. |
Updated Beers criteria (2015)2727. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Updated Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015;63(11):2227-46. PMID: 26446832; doi: 10.1111/jgs.13702. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13702...
|
Risperidone (N05AX08) |
28 (19.6) |
Use of antipsychotics for behavioral problems and delirium among patients with dementia should be avoided. |
Updated Beers criteria (2015)2727. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Updated Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015;63(11):2227-46. PMID: 26446832; doi: 10.1111/jgs.13702. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13702...
|
Pericyazine (N05AC01) |
3 (2.0) |
Potential risk of falls and fractures. |
French consensus panel2929. Laroche ML, Charmes JP, Merle L. Potentially inappropriate medications in the elderly: a French consensus panel list. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2007;63(8):725-31. PMID: 17554532; doi: 10.1007/s00228-007-0324-2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-007-0324-...
|
Benzodiazepines |
39 (27.3)*
|
|
|
Short-to-medium half-life |
Lorazepam (N05BA06) |
1 (0.7) |
Elderly people have increased sensitivity to benzodiazepines and decreased metabolism of long‐acting agents. |
Updated Beers criteria (2003 and 2015)2626. Fick DM, Cooper JW, Wade WE, et al. Updating the Beers criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults: results of a US consensus panel of experts. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163(22):2716-24. PMID: 14662625; doi: 10.1001/archinte.163.22.2716. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.163.22....
,2727. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Updated Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015;63(11):2227-46. PMID: 26446832; doi: 10.1111/jgs.13702. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13702...
|
Alprazolam (N05BA12) |
4 (2.8) |
In general, independent of half-life, all benzodiazepines increase the risks of cognitive impairment, delirium, falls, fractures and worsening of respiratory failure. |
Updated Beers criteria (2003 and 2015)2626. Fick DM, Cooper JW, Wade WE, et al. Updating the Beers criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults: results of a US consensus panel of experts. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163(22):2716-24. PMID: 14662625; doi: 10.1001/archinte.163.22.2716. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.163.22....
,2727. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Updated Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015;63(11):2227-46. PMID: 26446832; doi: 10.1111/jgs.13702. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13702...
|
Estazolam (N05CD04) |
1 (0.7) |
|
Updated Beers criteria (2015);2727. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Updated Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015;63(11):2227-46. PMID: 26446832; doi: 10.1111/jgs.13702. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13702...
French consensus panel2929. Laroche ML, Charmes JP, Merle L. Potentially inappropriate medications in the elderly: a French consensus panel list. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2007;63(8):725-31. PMID: 17554532; doi: 10.1007/s00228-007-0324-2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-007-0324-...
|
Long half-life |
Clonazepam (N03AE01) |
18 (12.6) |
The rationale for long half-life benzodiazepines is the same as for short and medium. However, this use may be appropriate for eye movement sleep disorders, benzodiazepine withdrawal, severe anxiety disorder and periprocedural anesthesia. |
Updated Beers criteria (2015)2727. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Updated Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015;63(11):2227-46. PMID: 26446832; doi: 10.1111/jgs.13702. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13702...
|
Flunitrazepam (N05CD03) |
9 (6.3) |
|
French consensus panel2929. Laroche ML, Charmes JP, Merle L. Potentially inappropriate medications in the elderly: a French consensus panel list. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2007;63(8):725-31. PMID: 17554532; doi: 10.1007/s00228-007-0324-2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-007-0324-...
|
Bromazepam (N05BA08) |
4 (2.8) |
|
French consensus panel2929. Laroche ML, Charmes JP, Merle L. Potentially inappropriate medications in the elderly: a French consensus panel list. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2007;63(8):725-31. PMID: 17554532; doi: 10.1007/s00228-007-0324-2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-007-0324-...
|
Diazepam (N05BA01) |
2 (1.4) |
|
Updated Beers criteria (2003 and 2015)2626. Fick DM, Cooper JW, Wade WE, et al. Updating the Beers criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults: results of a US consensus panel of experts. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163(22):2716-24. PMID: 14662625; doi: 10.1001/archinte.163.22.2716. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.163.22....
,2727. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Updated Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015;63(11):2227-46. PMID: 26446832; doi: 10.1111/jgs.13702. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13702...
|
Nitrazepam (N05CD02) |
2 (1.4) |
|
French consensus panel2929. Laroche ML, Charmes JP, Merle L. Potentially inappropriate medications in the elderly: a French consensus panel list. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2007;63(8):725-31. PMID: 17554532; doi: 10.1007/s00228-007-0324-2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-007-0324-...
|
Flurazepam (N05CD01) |
1 (0.7) |
This has an extremely long half-life in elderly patients, such that it promotes prolonged sedation. |
Updated Beers criteria (2015)2727. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Updated Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015;63(11):2227-46. PMID: 26446832; doi: 10.1111/jgs.13702. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13702...
|
Z-drugs |
5 (3.5) |
|
|
Zolpidem (N05CF02) |
5 (3.5) |
Nonbenzodiazepines should be avoided, due to possible adverse events and minimal efficacy in treating insomnia. In addition, use of zolpidem can increase emergency department visits and hospitalizations, and motor vehicle crashes; it leads to minimal improvement in sleep latency and duration. |
Updated Beers criteria (2015)2727. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Updated Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015;63(11):2227-46. PMID: 26446832; doi: 10.1111/jgs.13702. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13702...
|
Antidepressants |
11 (7.7) |
|
|
Mirtazapine (N06AX11) |
3 (2.1) |
These may exacerbate or cause syndromes of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion or hyponatremia. Sodium levels need to be monitored closely when starting use or changing dosages in older adults. They are highly anticholinergic and sedative, and cause orthostatic hypotension. |
Updated Beers criteria (2015)2727. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Updated Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015;63(11):2227-46. PMID: 26446832; doi: 10.1111/jgs.13702. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13702...
|
Amitriptyline (N06AA09) |
2 (1.4) |
|
Updated Beers criteria (2003 and 2015);2626. Fick DM, Cooper JW, Wade WE, et al. Updating the Beers criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults: results of a US consensus panel of experts. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163(22):2716-24. PMID: 14662625; doi: 10.1001/archinte.163.22.2716. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.163.22....
,2727. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Updated Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015;63(11):2227-46. PMID: 26446832; doi: 10.1111/jgs.13702. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13702...
STOPP/START v.2;2828. O’Mahony D, O’Sullivan D, Byrne S, et al. STOPP/START criteria for potentially inappropriate prescribing in older people: version 2. Age Ageing. 2015;44(2):213-8. PMID: 25324330; doi: 10.1093/ageing/afu145. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afu145...
French consensus panel2929. Laroche ML, Charmes JP, Merle L. Potentially inappropriate medications in the elderly: a French consensus panel list. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2007;63(8):725-31. PMID: 17554532; doi: 10.1007/s00228-007-0324-2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-007-0324-...
|
Nortriptyline (N06AA10) |
2 (1.4) |
|
Updated Beers criteria (2015)2727. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Updated Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015;63(11):2227-46. PMID: 26446832; doi: 10.1111/jgs.13702. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13702...
|
Clomipramine (N06AA04) |
1 (0.7) |
|
Updated Beers criteria (2015)2727. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Updated Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015;63(11):2227-46. PMID: 26446832; doi: 10.1111/jgs.13702. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13702...
|
Paroxetine (N06AB05) |
1 (0.7) |
|
Updated Beers criteria (2015)2727. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Updated Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015;63(11):2227-46. PMID: 26446832; doi: 10.1111/jgs.13702. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13702...
|
Fluoxetine (N06AB03) |
2 (1.4) |
This drug carries a risk of producing excessive stimulation of the central nervous system, sleep disturbances and increased agitation. In addition, there are risks of ataxia, worsening of psychomotor function and syncope. It may exacerbate or cause syndromes of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone or hyponatremia. |
Updated Beers criteria (2003)2626. Fick DM, Cooper JW, Wade WE, et al. Updating the Beers criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults: results of a US consensus panel of experts. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163(22):2716-24. PMID: 14662625; doi: 10.1001/archinte.163.22.2716. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.163.22....
|
Antiepileptics |
3 (2.1) |
|
|
Phenobarbital (N03AA02) |
2 (1.4) |
High rate of physical dependence and greater risk of overdose at low dosages. |
Updated Beers criteria (2015)2727. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Updated Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015;63(11):2227-46. PMID: 26446832; doi: 10.1111/jgs.13702. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13702...
|
Oxcarbazepine (N03AF02) |
1 (0.7) |
May exacerbate or cause syndromes of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion or hyponatremia; sodium levels need to be monitored closely when starting use or changing dosages in older adults. |
Updated Beers criteria (2015)2727. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Updated Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015;63(11):2227-46. PMID: 26446832; doi: 10.1111/jgs.13702. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13702...
|
Proton pump inhibitors |
10 (8.0) |
|
|
Omeprazole (A02BC01) |
7 (4.9) |
-
Risk of Clostridium difficile infection and bone loss and fractures.
-
Avoid scheduled use for > 8 weeks unless for high‐risk patients (e.g. oral corticosteroids or chronic NSAID use) or for erosive esophagitis, Barrett’s esophagitis, pathological hypersecretory condition or demonstrated need for maintenance treatment (e.g. due to failure of drug discontinuation trial or H2 blockers).
|
Updated Beers criteria (2015)2727. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Updated Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015;63(11):2227-46. PMID: 26446832; doi: 10.1111/jgs.13702. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13702...
|
Pantoprazole (A02BC02) |
3 (2.1) |
Updated Beers criteria (2015)2727. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Updated Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015;63(11):2227-46. PMID: 26446832; doi: 10.1111/jgs.13702. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13702...
|
Diuretics |
6 (4.2) |
|
|
Spironolactone (C03DA01) |
6 (4.2) |
In elderly patients with a creatinine clearance of less than 30 ml/min, serum potassium levels may be increased. |
Updated Beers criteria (2015)2727. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Updated Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015;63(11):2227-46. PMID: 26446832; doi: 10.1111/jgs.13702. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13702...
|
Antihypertensives |
12 (9.1) |
|
|
Immediate-release nifedipine (C08CA05) |
7 (4.9) |
Potential for hypotension; risk of precipitating myocardial ischemia and constipation. |
Updated Beers criteria (2003 and 2015);2626. Fick DM, Cooper JW, Wade WE, et al. Updating the Beers criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults: results of a US consensus panel of experts. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163(22):2716-24. PMID: 14662625; doi: 10.1001/archinte.163.22.2716. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.163.22....
,2727. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Updated Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015;63(11):2227-46. PMID: 26446832; doi: 10.1111/jgs.13702. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13702...
French consensus panel2929. Laroche ML, Charmes JP, Merle L. Potentially inappropriate medications in the elderly: a French consensus panel list. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2007;63(8):725-31. PMID: 17554532; doi: 10.1007/s00228-007-0324-2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-007-0324-...
|
Propranolol (C07AA05) |
5 (3.5) |
- |
Straand criteria (1999)3131. Straand, J, Rokstad KS . Elderly patients in general practice: diagnoses, drugs and inappropriate prescriptions. A report from the Møre & Romsdal Prescription Study. Fam Pract. 1999;16(4):380-8. PMID: 10493709; doi: 10.1093/fampra/16.4.380. https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/16.4.380...
|
Doxazosin (C02CA04) |
1 (0.7) |
Increases risk of orthostatic hypotension or bradycardia. |
Updated Beers criteria (2003 and 2015)2626. Fick DM, Cooper JW, Wade WE, et al. Updating the Beers criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults: results of a US consensus panel of experts. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163(22):2716-24. PMID: 14662625; doi: 10.1001/archinte.163.22.2716. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.163.22....
,2727. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Updated Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015;63(11):2227-46. PMID: 26446832; doi: 10.1111/jgs.13702. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13702...
|
Antihyperglycemic |
2 (1.4) |
|
|
Glibenclamide (A10BB01) |
2 (1.4) |
All sulfonylureas in general should be avoided among the elderly, because they can cause prolonged hypoglycemia and inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. |
Updated Beers criteria (2015);2727. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Updated Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015;63(11):2227-46. PMID: 26446832; doi: 10.1111/jgs.13702. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13702...
STOPP/START v.22828. O’Mahony D, O’Sullivan D, Byrne S, et al. STOPP/START criteria for potentially inappropriate prescribing in older people: version 2. Age Ageing. 2015;44(2):213-8. PMID: 25324330; doi: 10.1093/ageing/afu145. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afu145...
|
Anti-Parkinsonian |
1 (0.7) |
|
|
Biperiden (N04AA02) |
1 (0.7) |
Inappropriate for elderly people with dementia and delirium because it may worsen the cognitive and delirium. |
Updated Beers criteria (2015);2727. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Updated Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015;63(11):2227-46. PMID: 26446832; doi: 10.1111/jgs.13702. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13702...
STOPP/START v.2;2828. O’Mahony D, O’Sullivan D, Byrne S, et al. STOPP/START criteria for potentially inappropriate prescribing in older people: version 2. Age Ageing. 2015;44(2):213-8. PMID: 25324330; doi: 10.1093/ageing/afu145. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afu145...
French consensus panel2929. Laroche ML, Charmes JP, Merle L. Potentially inappropriate medications in the elderly: a French consensus panel list. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2007;63(8):725-31. PMID: 17554532; doi: 10.1007/s00228-007-0324-2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-007-0324-...
|
Antimicrobial |
1 (0.7) |
|
|
Nitrofurantoin (J01XE01) |
1 (0.7) |
Potential for renal impairment, pulmonary toxicity, hepatoxicity, peripheral neuropathy or allergic reactions, especially with long‐term use. Bacterial resistance in cases of protracted use can be observed. |
Updated Beers criteria (2003 and 2015);2626. Fick DM, Cooper JW, Wade WE, et al. Updating the Beers criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults: results of a US consensus panel of experts. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163(22):2716-24. PMID: 14662625; doi: 10.1001/archinte.163.22.2716. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.163.22....
,2727. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Updated Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015;63(11):2227-46. PMID: 26446832; doi: 10.1111/jgs.13702. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13702...
French consensus panel2929. Laroche ML, Charmes JP, Merle L. Potentially inappropriate medications in the elderly: a French consensus panel list. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2007;63(8):725-31. PMID: 17554532; doi: 10.1007/s00228-007-0324-2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-007-0324-...
|
Antiarrhythmics |
1 (0.7) |
|
|
Amiodarone (C01BD01) |
1 (0.7) |
Can be associated with QT interval problems and risk of provoking torsades de pointes. Amiodarone is effective for maintaining sinus rhythm but has greater toxicity than other antiarrhythmics used in atrial fibrillation. |
Updated Beers criteria (2003 and 2015)2626. Fick DM, Cooper JW, Wade WE, et al. Updating the Beers criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults: results of a US consensus panel of experts. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163(22):2716-24. PMID: 14662625; doi: 10.1001/archinte.163.22.2716. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.163.22....
,2727. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Updated Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015;63(11):2227-46. PMID: 26446832; doi: 10.1111/jgs.13702. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13702...
|
|
|
|
Potentially inappropriate interaction (PII) |
Morbidity - drug |
Use of antipsychotics for non-psychotic diagnosis and in dementia |
61 |
The risk/benefit relationship cannot be justified. Use should be avoided, due to adverse events at the central nervous system level. |
Updated Beers criteria (2015)2727. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Updated Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015;63(11):2227-46. PMID: 26446832; doi: 10.1111/jgs.13702. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13702...
|
Dementia versus use of benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine receptor agonists |
41 |
Aggravation of cognitive impairment. Possible adverse drug events at central level. |
-
Updated Beers criteria (2015);2727. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Updated Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015;63(11):2227-46. PMID: 26446832; doi: 10.1111/jgs.13702. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13702...
-
French consensus panel2929. Laroche ML, Charmes JP, Merle L. Potentially inappropriate medications in the elderly: a French consensus panel list. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2007;63(8):725-31. PMID: 17554532; doi: 10.1007/s00228-007-0324-2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-007-0324-...
|
Depression versus long-term use of benzodiazepines |
32 |
May produce or exacerbated depression. |
Updated Beers criteria (2003)2626. Fick DM, Cooper JW, Wade WE, et al. Updating the Beers criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults: results of a US consensus panel of experts. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163(22):2716-24. PMID: 14662625; doi: 10.1001/archinte.163.22.2716. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.163.22....
|
Cognitive impairment versus use of tricyclic antidepressants |
7 |
Risk of worsening cognitive impairment. |
STOPP/START v.22828. O’Mahony D, O’Sullivan D, Byrne S, et al. STOPP/START criteria for potentially inappropriate prescribing in older people: version 2. Age Ageing. 2015;44(2):213-8. PMID: 25324330; doi: 10.1093/ageing/afu145. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afu145...
|
Depression versus active metabolites of tricyclic antidepressants |
7 |
May cause anticholinergic side effects. |
Canada national consensus panel3030. McLeod PJ, Huang AR, Tamblyn RM, Gayton DC. Defining inappropriate practices in prescribing for elderly people: a national consensus panel. CMAJ. 1997;156(3):385-91. PMID: 9033421.
|
Absence of clinical history of coronary and cerebral symptoms and vascular peripheral occlusion; diabetes mellitus; arterial hypertension versus use of acetylsalicylic acid |
4 |
|
STOPP/START v.22828. O’Mahony D, O’Sullivan D, Byrne S, et al. STOPP/START criteria for potentially inappropriate prescribing in older people: version 2. Age Ageing. 2015;44(2):213-8. PMID: 25324330; doi: 10.1093/ageing/afu145. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afu145...
|
Dementia versus use of neuroleptics |
3 |
Risk of worsening cognitive impairment. |
French consensus panel2929. Laroche ML, Charmes JP, Merle L. Potentially inappropriate medications in the elderly: a French consensus panel list. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2007;63(8):725-31. PMID: 17554532; doi: 10.1007/s00228-007-0324-2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-007-0324-...
|
Cognitive impairment versus use of barbiturates |
2 |
Concern about effects on the central nervous system. |
Updated Beers criteria (2003)2626. Fick DM, Cooper JW, Wade WE, et al. Updating the Beers criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults: results of a US consensus panel of experts. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163(22):2716-24. PMID: 14662625; doi: 10.1001/archinte.163.22.2716. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.163.22....
|
Parkinson’s disease versus use of all antipsychotics except quetiapine |
2 |
Concern due to their antidopaminergic and cholinergic effects. |
Updated Beers criteria (2003)2626. Fick DM, Cooper JW, Wade WE, et al. Updating the Beers criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults: results of a US consensus panel of experts. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163(22):2716-24. PMID: 14662625; doi: 10.1001/archinte.163.22.2716. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.163.22....
,2727. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Updated Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015;63(11):2227-46. PMID: 26446832; doi: 10.1111/jgs.13702. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13702...
|
Diabetes mellitus versus use of corticosteroids |
1 |
May worsen diabetes mellitus; serum glucose levels need to be monitored. |
Canada national consensus panel3030. McLeod PJ, Huang AR, Tamblyn RM, Gayton DC. Defining inappropriate practices in prescribing for elderly people: a national consensus panel. CMAJ. 1997;156(3):385-91. PMID: 9033421.
|
Drug - drug |
≥ 3 CNS-active drugs** in use |
17 |
Increased risk of falls and fractures. |
Updated Beers criteria (2015)2727. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Updated Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015;63(11):2227-46. PMID: 26446832; doi: 10.1111/jgs.13702. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13702...
|
Total number of PIIs |
177 |
|
Total number of elderly individuals |
91 (63.6%) |
Average number of PIIs/elderly individual [SD] |
2 [1.42] |