Satisfaction with body weight among adolescents with excess weight: findings from a cross-sectional population-based study

Martini, Mariana Contiero San; Assumpção, Daniela de; Barros, Marilisa Berti de Azevedo; Barros, Antonio de Azevedo; Mattei, Josiemer

doi:10.1590/1516-3180.2020.0007.R1.10062020

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Sao Paulo Medical Journal

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Original Article • Sao Paulo Med. J. 138 (5) • Sep-Oct 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-3180.2020.0007.R1.10062020 copy

Satisfaction with body weight among adolescents with excess weight: findings from a cross-sectional population-based study

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

Individuals who are overweight or obese often underestimate their size, and they are less likely to consider their weight status to be a health problem and consequently to make lifestyle changes.

OBJECTIVES:

To estimate the proportion of satisfaction with weight among adolescents classified as overweight/obese, according to sociodemographic factors, morbidities and health-related behaviors.

DESIGN AND SETTING:

Cross-sectional population-based study conducted among adolescents aged 10 to 19 years in the city of Campinas (SP), Brazil.

METHODS:

The sample (n = 217) included participants with self-reported weight and height who were classified as overweight or obese, based on body mass index (BMI) according to age-specific cutoff points recommended by the World Health Organization. Participants whose answer to the question: “Would you like to gain or lose weight?” was “no” (i.e. no change) were deemed to be satisfied with their body weight. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using logistic regression.

RESULTS:

The proportions of the respondents who were satisfied with their weight were 75.8% (95% CI: 65.3-83.9) among the overweight adolescents and 24.2% (95% CI: 16.1-34.7) among the obese adolescents (P < 0.01). Satisfaction was lower among individuals aged 15 to 19 years (versus 10 to 14 years), those born outside of Campinas (versus in Campinas), those with ≥ 8 household appliances (versus < 8), and those reporting ≥ two health complaints (versus none).

CONCLUSIONS:

More than half of the overweight adolescents and almost a quarter of the obese adolescents were satisfied with their weight. These results support the need for strategies for healthy weight management among Brazilian adolescents.

KEY WORDS (MeSH terms):
Adolescent; Overweight; Obesity; Body weight

AUTHORS' KEY WORDS:
Body satisfaction; Teenager; Young obese; Excess weight; Underestimate; Overestimate

		n	% (95% CI)			P-value^* * P-value from chi-square test;
		n	Satisfied	Wished to gain weight	Wished to lose weight	P-value^* * P-value from chi-square test;
Sex
	Male	127	64.1 (54.7-72.5)	72.4 (20.0-96.5)	55.4 (45.4-64.9)	0.34
	Female	90	35.9 (27.5-45.3)	27.6 (3.5-80.0)	44.6 (35.1-54.6)	0.34
Age (years)
	10 to 14	147	84.3 (74.3-90.9)	75.9 (23.0-97.1)	57.5 (48.2-66.2)	< 0.01
	15 to 19	70	15.7 (9.1-25.7)	24.1 (2.9-76.9)	42.5 (33.7-51.7)	< 0.01
Place of birth
	Campinas	173	87.7 (76.2-94.1)	75.9 (23.0-97.1)	74.7 (61.9-84.2)	0.09
	Other town/state	44	12.3 (5.9-23.8)	24.1 (2.9-76.9)	25.3 (15.8-38.1)	0.09
Per capita income (monthly minimum wages)
	< 0.5	58	32.5 (22.8-44.0)	24.1 (2.9-76.9)	23.0 (15.8-32.1)	0.15
	≥ 0.5 to < 1.5	111	52.4 (41.9-62.7)	24.1 (2.9-76.9)	50.2 (38.3-62.0)
	≥ 1.5	48	15.0 (7.9-26.7)	51.7 (12.3-89.1)	26.8 (18.1-37.9)
Schooling of head of household (years)
	0 to 7	79	32.7 (19.2-49.8)	24.1 (2.9-76.9)	38.4 (28.0-50.0)	0.66
	8 or more	136	67.3 (50.2-80.8)	75.9 (23.0-97.1)	61.6 (50.0-72.0)	0.66
Number of appliances in the home
	0 to 7	42	35.8 (21.6-53.0)	0.0	8.8 (3.8-19.2)	< 0.01
	8 to 15	115	45.2 (31.4-59.7)	48.3 (10.8-87.7)	57.3 (47.4-66.6)
	16 or more	60	19.0 (9.6-34.1)	51.7 (12.3-89.1)	33.9 (23.5-46.1)
Health insurance
	Yes	77	28.9 (18.7-41.9)	24.1 (2.9-76.9)	42.7 (28.3-58.3)	0.18
	No	137	71.1 (58.1-81.3)	75.9 (23.0-97.1)	57.3 (41.6-71.7)	0.18
Number of chronic diseases
	0	175	91.3 (81.4-96.2)	75.9 (23.0-97.1)	75.7 (67.0-82.7)	0.02
	1 or more	39	8.7 (3.8-18.6)	24.1 (2.9-77.0)	24.3 (17.3-33.0)	0.02
Number of health complaints
	0	89	53.1 (40.3-65.5)	0.0	34.5 (27.0-42.8)	< 0.01
	1	61	37.0 (27.7-47.5)	75.9 (23.0-97.1)	21.3 (14.8-29.7)
	2 or more	67	9.8 (4.8-19.0)	24.1 (2.9-76.9)	44.2 (35.3-53.5)
BMI (kg/m²)
	Overweight	133	75.8 (65.3-83.9)	100.0^ four overweight adolescents reported that they wished to gain weight.	51.5 (43.8-59.1)	< 0.01
	Obesity	84	24.2 (16.1-34.7)	0.0	48.5 (40.9-56.2)	< 0.01

Variables		n	% (95% CI)		P-value^* * P-value from chi-square test;
Variables		n	Satisfied	Dissatisfied	P-value^* * P-value from chi-square test;
Leisure physical activity
	Active	50	15.9 (8.4-28.0)	27.2 (19.6-36.6)	0.14
	Insufficiently active	105	58.0 (41.8-72.6)	43.4 (35.4-51.8)
	Inactive	62	26.1 (14.7-41.9)	29.3 (21.7-38.4)
Fruit consumption (weekly frequency)
	≥ 4 times	111	58.4 (44.9-70.9)	47.0 (36.9-57.3)	0.17
	< 4 times	106	41.5 (29.1-55.1)	53.0 (42.7-63.1)	0.17
Raw vegetable consumption (weekly frequency)
	≥ 4 times	125	53.5 (42.7-64.0)	60.3 (51.6-68.5)	0.97
	< 4 times	92	46.5 (36.0-57.3)	39.7 (31.5-48.4)	0.97
Soft drink consumption (weekly frequency)
	≥ 4 times	95	49.7 (35.7-63.7)	40.3 (32.4-48.8)	0.20
	< 4 times	122	50.3 (36.3-64.3)	59.7 (51.2-67.6)	0.20
Do you do anything to lose weight?
	Yes	53	0.0	39.7 (31.9-48.1)	< 0.01
	No	164	100.0^ 82 adolescents who were satisfied with their excess weight reported that they were not doing anything to lose weight;	60.3 (51.9-68.1)	< 0.01
What are you doing?
	Dieting	12	0.0	22.9 (13.7-35.7)	^a a It was not possible to calculate the p-value because none of the satisfied adolescents were doing dieting and/or physical activity.
	Exercise/sport/walking	30	0.0	56.0 (41.8-69.2)

Variables		n	Satisfied % (95% CI)	P-value^* * P-value from chi-square test.	OR (95% CI)
Sex
	Male	127	64.1 (54.7-72.5)	0.15	1
	Female	90	35.9 (27.5-45.3)	0.15	0.7 (0.4-1.1)
Age (years)
	10 to 14	147	84.3 (74.3-90.9)	< 0.01	1
	15 to 19	70	15.7 (9.1-25.7)	< 0.01	0.2 (0.1-0.5)
Place of birth
	Campinas	173	87.7 (76.2-94.1)	0.03	1
	Other town/state	44	12.3 (5.9-23.8)	0.03	0.4 (0.2-0.9)
Per capita income (monthly minimum wages)
	< 0.5	58	32.5 (22.8-44.0)	0.08	1
	≥ 0.5 to < 1.5	111	52.4 (41.9-62.7)		0.7 (0.4-1.5)
	≥ 1.5	48	15.0 (7.9-26.7)		0.4 (0.2-0.9)
Schooling of head of household (years)
	0 to 7	79	32.7 (19.2-49.8)	0.51	1
	8 or more	136	67.3 (50.2-80.8)	0.51	1.3 (0.6-2.6)
Number of appliances in the home
	0 to 7	42	35.8 (21.6-53.0)	< 0.01	1
	8 to 15	115	45.2 (31.4-59.7)		0.2 (0.1-0.5)
	16 or more	60	19.0 (9.6-34.1)		0.1 (0.04-0.4)
Health insurance
	Yes	77	28.9 (18.7-41.9)	0.11	1
	No	137	71.1 (58.1-81.3)	0.11	1.8 (0.9-3.7)
Number of chronic diseases
	0	175	91.3 (81.4-96.2)	< 0.01	1
	1 or more	39	8.7 (3.8-18.6)	< 0.01	0.3 (0.1-0.7)
Number of health complaints
	0	89	53.1 (40.3-65.5)	< 0.01	1
	1	61	37.0 (27.7-47.5)		1.0 (0.5-2.0)
	2 or more	67	9.8 (4.8-19.0)		0.1 (0.06-0.3)

Variables		OR	95% CI	P-value^* * P-value from chi-square test, adjusted according to all variables in this table.
Sex
	Male	1
	Female	0.71	0.4-1.3	0.24
Age (years)
	10 to 14	1
	15 to 19	0.21	0.1-0.5	< 0.01
Place of birth
	Campinas	1
	Other town/state	0.23	0.1-0.7	0.01
Number of appliances in the home
	0 to 7	1	1
	8 to 15	0.14	0.05-0.4	< 0.01
	16 or more	0.10	0.03-0.3	< 0.01
Number of health complaints
	0	1	1
	1	1.18	0.5-2.8	0.71
	2 or more	0.16	0.05-0.5	< 0.01

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