EVALUATION OF FALL RISK FACTORS PRESENT DURING INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF ELDERLY PEOPLE

Baixinho, Cristina Rosa Soares Lavareda; Dixe, Maria dos Anjos Coelho Rodrigues

doi:10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2020-0331

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Original Article • Texto contexto - enferm. 30 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2020-0331 copy

EVALUATION OF FALL RISK FACTORS PRESENT DURING INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF ELDERLY PEOPLE

EVALUACIÓN DE FACTORES DE RIESGO DE CAÍDAS DURANTE LA INSTITUCIONALIZACIÓN DEL ANCIANO

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

to describe the development and validation of the Scale of Practices of Evaluation of Fall Risk Factors during Institutionalization of Elderly People and to describe the practices of evaluation of communication of fall risks to institutionalized elderly people.

Methods:

methodological study, which allowed construction and determination of the psychometric properties of the Scale of Practices of Evaluation of Fall Risk Factors during Institutionalization of Elderly People, which was carried out in six long-term care institutions for elderly people, in 2018.

Results:

the scale showed satisfactory internal consistency, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.949. It was designed to have three dimensions: practices of evaluation of biophysiological risk factors; practices of communication and training; and practices of evaluation of risks related to elderly people’s putting on clothing and footwear.

Conclusions:

the risk factors that had their value recognized were related to mobility. There is not proper recognition of the importance of information about fall risk factors and communication between elderly people and health teams during institutionalization.

DESCRIPTORS:
Accidental falls; Aged; Risk; Caregivers; Homes for the aged; Institutionalization

Item number and content	Overall Pearson’s correlation without the item	Overall Cronbach’s alpha without the item
1. I identify whether the elderly person has muscle strength	.758	.945
2. I observe whether the elderly person has difficulty walking	.676	.947
3. I observe whether the elderly person has balance alterations	.672	.947
4. I identify whether the elderly person has vision alterations	.686	.946
5. I identify whether the elderly person has hearing alterations	.665	.947
6. I identify whether the elderly person has alterations in their state of consciousness	.629	.947
7. I observe whether the elderly person is dependent in carrying out activities of daily living	.682	.946
8. I ask the elderly person if they are afraid to fall	.694	.946
9. I evaluate whether the elderly person has sedentary behavior	.605	.948
10. I observe whether the elderly person looks thin	.680	.946
11. I verify whether the elderly person has foot problems	.673	.947
12. I evaluate whether the elderly person has incontinence	.627	.947
13. I verify whether the elderly person’s footwear is appropriate	.716	.946
14. I verify that the elderly person’s clothing is neither too large nor dragging on the floor	.677	.946
15. I find out whether the elderly person has chronic diseases	.696	.946
16. Before taking action, I take time to define fall risk factors	.727	.946
17. I try to deepen my knowledge of the elderly person’s health problems	.657	.947
18. I listen and talk to the elderly person about fall risk factors	.666	.947
19. I communicate the identified fall risk factors to nurses	.687	.946
20. I try to keep my knowledge of fall risks updated	.705	.946
Total Cronbach’s alpha	0.949

Item number and content		H2	Factor 1	Factor 2	Factor 3
1. I identify whether the elderly person has muscle strength		.681	.640
2. I observe whether the elderly person has difficulty walking		.748	.805
3. I observe whether the elderly person has balance alterations		.701	.744
4. I identify whether the elderly person has vision alterations		.559	.493
5. I identify whether the elderly person has hearing alterations		.498	.485
6. I identify whether the elderly person has alterations in their state of consciousness		.676	.758
7. I observe whether the elderly person is dependent in carrying out activities of daily living		.553	.573
9. I evaluate whether the elderly person has sedentary behavior		.603	.643
10. I observe whether the elderly person looks thin		.564	.537
12. I evaluate whether the elderly person has incontinence		.604	.540
15. I find out whether the elderly person has chronic diseases		.607	.625
8. I ask the elderly person if they are afraid to fall		.513		.346
16. Before taking action, I take time to define fall risk factors		.716		.736
17. I try to deepen my knowledge of the elderly person’s health problems		.647		.737
18. I listen and talk to the elderly person about fall risk factors		.594		.668
19. I communicate the identified fall risk factors to nurses		.709		.773
20. I try to keep my knowledge of fall risks updated		.691		.740
11. I verify whether the elderly person has foot problems		.706			.756
13. I verify whether the elderly person’s footwear is appropriate		.751			.756
14. I verify that the elderly person’s clothing is neither too large nor dragging on the floor		.791			.799
% of variance explained by factor			23.880	22.004	18.174
Total of explained variance			64.058
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure	.895
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity	2,083.680

Item number and content	Average	SD
1. I identify whether the elderly person has muscle strength	4.11	1.03
2. I observe whether the elderly person has difficulty walking	4.44	.85
3. I observe whether the elderly person has balance alterations	4.32	.85
4. I identify whether the elderly person has vision alterations	3.91	1.06
5. I identify whether the elderly person has hearing alterations	3.93	1.08
6. I identify whether the elderly person has alterations in their state of consciousness	4.34	.97
7. I observe whether the elderly person is dependent in carrying out activities of daily living	4.47	.83
10. I observe whether the elderly person looks thin	4.07	1.04
12. I evaluate whether the elderly person has incontinence	4.15	1.05
15. I find out whether the elderly person has chronic diseases	4.22	1.04
8. I ask the elderly person if they are afraid to fall	3.90	1.15
16. Before taking action, I take time to define fall risk factors	4.01	1.03
17. I try to deepen my knowledge of the elderly person’s health problems	4.12	.92
18. I listen and talk to the elderly person about fall risk factors	4.01	1.07
19. I communicate the identified fall risk factors to nurses	4.16	1.17
20. I try to keep my knowledge of fall risks updated	4.23	1.02
11. I verify whether the elderly person has foot problems	3.95	1.12
13. I verify whether the elderly person’s footwear is appropriate	4.06	1.04
14. I verify that the elderly person’s clothing is neither too large nor dragging on the floor	4.13	1.06
Total	78.53	19.46
Factor 1 (practices of evaluation of biophysiological risk factors)	41.96	9.84
Factor 2 (practices of communication and training)	24.43	6.39
Factor 3 (practices of evaluation of risks associated with putting on clothing and footwear)	12.14	3.23

Scales/course during professional practice		N*	Average	SD	t^†	p^§
SPERFI - Factor 1	yes	94	46.98	8.12	1.736	.085
SPERFI - Factor 1	no	43	44.41	7.86	1.736	.085
SPERFI - Factor 2	yes	95	24.87	5.03	1.011	.314
SPERFI - Factor 2	no	48	23.95	5.25	1.011	.314
SPERFI - Factor 3	yes	98	12.42	2.92	1.515	.132
SPERFI - Factor 3	no	46	11.65	2.69	1.515	.132
SPERFI - Total	yes	98	84.47	15.00	.886	.377
SPERFI - Total	no	46	82.07	11.65	.886	.377

Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pós Graduação em Enfermagem Campus Universitário Trindade, 88040-970 Florianópolis - Santa Catarina - Brasil, Tel.: (55 48) 3721-4915 / (55 48) 3721-9043 - Florianópolis - SC - Brazil
E-mail: textoecontexto@contato.ufsc.br

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[1] CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Cristina Rosa Soares Lavareda Baixinho crbaixinho@esel.pt