TRAUMA BY TRAFFIC ACCIDENT IN ELDERLY PEOPLE: RISK FACTORS AND CONSEQUENCES

Santos, Ana Maria Ribeiro dos; Rodrigues, Rosalina Aparecida Partezani; Diniz, Marina Aleixo

doi:10.1590/0104-07072017004220015

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Original Article • Texto contexto - enferm. 26 (02) • 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-07072017004220015 linkcopy

TRAUMA BY TRAFFIC ACCIDENT IN ELDERLY PEOPLE: RISK FACTORS AND CONSEQUENCES^¹

TRAUMA POR ACCIDENTE DE TRÁNSITO EN ANCIANOS: FACTORES DE RIESGO Y CONSECUENCIAS

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Objective: to analyze cases of trauma caused by traffic accidents in elderly individuals assisted at a reference municipal emergency hospital in 2010 and 2011.

Method: longitudinal retrospective study was developed at an emergency hospital and a Traffic Accidents Repression Station, with 524 elderly individuals. All variables were submitted for descriptive analysis. Risk of involvement in accidents, occurrence of injury and death were determined using relative risk.

Results: a statistically significant association was found in accidents with injuries when motorcycles were the vehicle that ran over the individual. Associations were also found between men and the occurrence of accidents, injury and death, mainly among younger elderly individuals. Most of the 524 elderly individuals who suffered an accident were men, married and had elementary school level education. Of these, 78.6% presented with injuries, with the majority of them being pedestrians.

Conclusion: among younger elderly individuals, the possibility of death as a result of the injury was 3.4 times higher in 2010.

DESCRIPTORS:
Aged; Accidents; traffic; Wounds and injuries; Relative risk.

Variables	Average (DP^*)	Median (IC^† _95%)	Variation	Year of accident
				2010	2011	Total
				n(%)	n(%)	n(%)
Elderly
Younger elderly	66.4 (5.2)	65 (64; 66)	[60; 79]	237 (92.6)	n(%)	n(%)	254 (94.8)	491 (93.7)
Older elderly	84.6 (4.2)	84 (82; 85)	[80; 95]	19 (7.4)	14 (5.2)	33 (6.3)
Sex					14 (5.2)	33 (6.3)
Male				181 (70.7)	181 (67.5)	362(69.1)
Female				75 (29.3)	87 (32.5)	162(30.9)
Marital status					87 (32.5)	162(30.9)
Single				24 (9.4)	47 (17.5 )	71 (13.5)
Married				174 (68)	176 (65.7)	350 (66.8)
Divorced				19 (7.4)	11 (4.1)	30 (5.7)
Widowed				39 (15.2)	34 (12.7)	73 (13.9)
Schooling					34 (12.7)	73 (13.9)
Illiterate				54 (21.1)	45 (16.8)	99 (18.9)
Primary school				168 (65.6)	174 (64.9)	342 (65.3)
Secondary school				31 (12.1)	45 (16.8)	76 (14.5)
Third Level Education				3 (1.2)	4 (1.5)	7 (1.3)
Condition of elderly person					4 (1.5)	7 (1.3)
Pedestrian				108 (42.2)	113 (42.2)	221 (42.2)
Cyclist				30 (11.7)	20 (7.5)	50 (9.5)
Motor cyclist				81 (31.6)	108 (40.3)	189 (36.1)
Passenger in automobile				31 (12.1)	20 (7.5)	51 (9.7)
Other				2 (0.8)	6 (2.2)	8 (1.5)
Ignored				4 (1.6)	1 (0.4)	5 ( 1.0)
Vehicle involved					1 (0.4)	5 ( 1.0)
Bicycle				2 (0.8)	7 (2.6)	9 (1.7)
Motorcycle				72 (28.1)	92 (34.3)	164 (31.3)
Automobile				62 (24.2)	62 (23.1)	124 (23.7)
Truck				4 (1.6)	-	4 (0.8)
Bus				6 (2.3)	3 (1.1)	9 (1.7)
Doesn't apply				7 (2.7)	22 (8.2)	29 (5.5)
Ignored				98 (38.3)	78 (29.1)	176 (33.6)
Other				5 (2)	4 (1.5)	9 (1.7)
Suspected use of alcohol					4 (1.5)	9 (1.7)
Yes				16 (6.2)	8 (3)	24 (4.6)
No				240 (93.8)	260 (97)	500 (95.4)
Ocurrence of injury					260 (97)	500 (95.4)
Yes				187 (73)	225 (85)	412 (78.6)
No				69 (27)	43 (16)	112 (21.4)

Variable	Ocurrence of Injury 2010			Ocurrence of Injury 2011			Ocurrence of Injury 2010/2011
	Yes	Total	p-value^*	Yes	Total	p-value^*	Yes	Total	p-value^*
	n(%)	n(%)	p-value^*	n(%)	n(%)	n(%)	n(%)
Elderly
Younger elderly person	175(73.8)	237(100)	0.313	214(84.3)	n(%)	n(%)	n(%)			254(100)	0.476	389(79.2)	491(100)	0.196
Older elderly person	12(63.2)	19(100)	-	11(78.6)	14(100)	-	23(69.7)	33(100)	-
Gender								33(100)	-
Male	129(71.3)	181(100)	0.32	151(83.4)	181(100)	0.733	280(77.3)	362(100)	0.286
Female	58(77.3)	75(100)	-	74(85.1)	87(100)	-	132(81.5)	162(100)	-
Marital Status					87(100)	-	132(81.5)	162(100)	-
Single	19(79.2)	24(100)	0.478	40(85.1)	47(100)	0.813	59(83.1)	71(100)	0.323
Married	126(72.4)	174(100)	0.739	149(84.7)	176(100)	0.664	275(78.6)	350(100)	0.966
Divorced	13(68.4)	19(100)	0.637	9(81.8)	11(100)	0.691	22(73.3)	30(100)	0.466
Widowed	29(74.4)	39(100)	0.841	27(79.4)	34(100)	0.44	56(76.7)	73(100)	0.667
Education					34(100)	0.44	56(76.7)	73(100)	0.667
Illiterate	41(75.9)	54(100)	0.591	38(84.4)	45(100)	0.922	79(79.8)	99(100)	0.752
Primary School	128(76.2)	168(100)	0.117	148(85.1)	174(100)	0.504	276(80.7)	342(100)	0.112
Secondary school	17(54.8)	31(100)	0.015	37(82.2)	45(100)	0.728	54(71.1)	76(100)	0.082
Third level education	1(33.3)	3(100)	0.178	2(50)	4(100)	0.122	3(42.9)	7(100)	0.041
Condition of elderly					4(100)	0.122	3(42.9)	7(100)	0.041
Pedestrian	81(75)	108(100)	0.547	102(90.3)	113(100)	0.016	183(82.8)	221(100)	0.046
Cyclist	25(83.3)	30(100)	0.177	17(85)	20(100)	0.999	42(84)	50(100)	0.330
Motorcyclist	56(69.1)	81(100)	0.337	85(78.7)	108(100)	0.054	141(74.6)	189(100)	0.092
Passenger in automobile	22(71)	31(100)	0.781	16(80)	20(100)	0.539	38(74.5)	51(100)	0.450
Other	1(50)	2(100)	0.467	4(66.7)	6(100)	0.247	5(62.5)	8(100)	0.377
Ignored	2(50)	4(100)	0.294	1(100)	1(100)	0.999	3(60)	5(100)	0.291
Vehicle involved					1(100)	0.999	3(60)	5(100)	0.291
Bicycle	2(100)	2(100)	0.999	7(100)	7(100)	0.602	9(100)	9(100)	0.216
Motorcycle	61(84.7)	72(100)	0.008	82(89.1)	92(100)	0.095	143(87.2)	164(100)	0.001
Automobile	41(66.1)	62(100)	0.158	55(88.7)	62(100)	0.245	96(77.4)	124(100)	0.708
Truck	3(75)	4(100)	0.999	-	-	-	3(75)	4(100)	0.999
Bus	6(100)	6(100)	0.195	2(66.7)	3(100)	0.410	8(88.9)	9(100)	0.692
Does not apply	6(85.7)	7(100)	0.678	16(72.7)	22(100)	0.137	22(75.9)	29(100)	0.709
Ignored	65(66.3)	98(100)	0.056	60(76.9)	78(100)	0.044	125(71)	176(100)	0.003
Other	3(60%)	5(100%)	0.614	3(75)	4(100)	0.505	6(66.7)	9(100)	0.411
Suspected use of alcohol					4(100)	0.505	6(66.7)	9(100)	0.411
Yes	11(68.8)	16(100)	0.772	7(87.5)	8(100)	0.999	18(75)	24(100)	0.657
No	176(73.3)	240(100)	-	218(83.8)	260(100)	-	394(78.8)	500(100)	-

Variable	Sex*	nº of events		nº ofexposed		Incidence		RR†(CI‡_95%)
Variable	Sex*	2010	2011	2010	2011	2010	2011	2010	2011
Involvement in accident
Younger elderly person	M	168	172	24989	2011	2010	2011	2010	2011	25239	0.67	0.68	3.3(2.501-4,385)	2.9(2.192-3.713)
Younger elderly person	F	69	82	33986	34326	0.20	0.24						3.3(2.501-4,385)	2.9(2.192-3.713)
Older elderly person	M	13	9	3466	3626	0.38	0.25	4.0(1.474-10.221)	3.3(1.101-9.816)
Older elderly person	F	6	5	6209	6622	0.10	0.08
Ocorrence of injury					6622	0.10	0.08
Younger elderly person	M	121	145	24989	25239	0.48	0.57	3.1(2.21-4.202)	2.8(2.145-3.809)
Younger elderly person	F	54	69	33986	34326	0.16	0.20	3.1(2.21-4.202)	2.8(2.145-3.809)
Older elderly person	M	8	6	3466	3626	0.23	0.17	3.8(1.078-11.907)	2.2(0.668-7.186)
Older elderly person	F	4	5	6209	6622	0.06	0.08
Death					6622	0.06	0.08
Younger elderly person	M	10	10	24989	25239	0.04	0.04	3,4(1.066-10.842)	2.7(0.93-7.959)
Younger elderly person	F	4	5	33986	34326	0.01	0.01	3,4(1.066-10.842)	2.7(0.93-7.959)
Older elderly person	M	-	2	3466	3626	-	0.06	-	5(0.331-40.294)
Older elderly person	F	-	1	6209	6622	-	0.02

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[TFN1] *SD: Standard Deviation; † 95% CI: 95% Confidence Interval

TRAUMA BY TRAFFIC ACCIDENT IN ELDERLY PEOPLE: RISK FACTORS AND CONSEQUENCES1

TRAUMA POR ACCIDENTE DE TRÁNSITO EN ANCIANOS: FACTORES DE RIESGO Y CONSECUENCIAS

TRAUMA BY TRAFFIC ACCIDENT IN ELDERLY PEOPLE: RISK FACTORS AND CONSEQUENCES^¹