FORMACIÓN COMPLEMENTARIA EN DESASTRES PARA PROFESIONALES DE LA SALUD: UN ANÁLISIS DE LA OFERTA OFICIAL EN BRASIL Y MÉXICO

Rosa, Marcela Possato Correa da; Manfrini, Gisele Cristina; Tourinho, Francis Solange Vieira; Zuñiga, Roberto Ariel Abeldaño; Herrera, Jenny del Carmen Arcentales; Zegarra, Roxana Obando; Morais, Regislany de Sousa

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Special Section • Texto contexto - enferm. 33 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2023-0294en copiar

FORMACIÓN COMPLEMENTARIA EN DESASTRES PARA PROFESIONALES DE LA SALUD: UN ANÁLISIS DE LA OFERTA OFICIAL EN BRASIL Y MÉXICO

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMEN

Objetivo:

identificar cursos disponibles en línea por los organismos nacionales de defensa civil en Brasil y México para ayudar en la capacitación adicional de profesionales de la salud para desastres.

Método:

estudio descriptivo exploratorio, de enfoque cualitativo, utilizando metodología de prospección tecnológica, realizado en los sitios web oficiales de la Defensa Civil de Brasil y México.

Resultados:

se encontraron 10 cursos ofrecidos por el Centro Nacional para la Prevención de Desastres del Gobierno de México, nueve de los cuales fueron de corta duración y uno se ofreció como formación vocacional. Todos estos cursos fueron sincrónicos. En Brasil se ubicaron 36 cursos, todos en formato asincrónico, con duraciones que variaron entre 20 y 50 horas. Aunque los cursos presentaron contenidos programáticos que incluyeron actividades inherentes a los profesionales de la salud, ninguno de ellos hizo mención específica a los profesionales de esa área como público objetivo.

Conclusión:

el estudio prospectivo refuerza que las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones para la educación a distancia se presentan como una alternativa presente en ambos países en términos de capacitación adicional para desastres, aunque aún no dirigida específicamente a los profesionales de la salud. La necesidad de incluir esta área de contenidos interdisciplinarios y multiprofesionales refleja brechas en la integración del sector.

DESCRIPTORES:
Educación en Desastres; Educación en Enfermería; Educación a Distancia; Tecnología de la Información; Reducción de Riesgo de Desastres

Course	Objective	Synchronous/ asynchronous
Short courses (5 hours) Target audience: Public servants who are first responders to disasters and people who carry out activities related to Civil Protection.
Disaster risk reduction	Present the concept of disaster risk reduction and application in concrete actions to avoid or reduce damage and losses associated with the impact of disasters.	Synchronous
Dangerous chemicals	Provide a list of extremely hazardous chemicals that allows decision-making to prevent and minimize consequences of catastrophic emissions.	Synchronous
Landslide	Contribute to the identification, zoning and mapping of slope instability to strengthen Civil Protection authorities’ technical capabilities and decision-making.	Synchronous
Internal civil protection program	Present its legal framework and structure through specific cases in order to recognize responsibility and actions for its implementation.	Synchronous
National risk atlas	Provide participants with the necessary knowledge to use it and its different applications in order to identify disturbing phenomena of natural and anthropogenic origin that pose a risk to the public.	Synchronous
Early warning system	Publicize about this system, as well as its components, functions and main applications in Mexico, in order to prevent the vulnerable population from possible harm caused by the presence of a disturbing phenomenon.	Synchronous
Socio-organizational risks	Recognize the different types of phenomena and socio-organizational factors that generate vulnerability and measures to safeguard the population.	Synchronous
Structure assessment	Provide knowledge to assess, with a high level of certainty and in a systematic manner, the structural safety and vulnerability of buildings, the different types of structural systems, the main constituent materials, and the different types of damage to building components and the impact they will have on reducing structural safety.	Synchronous
Incident command systems	Identify the fundamental components that make up the Internal Civil Protection Program and recognize the process of implementation by an authority and its operation.	Synchronous
Vocational training (462 hours) Target audience: People dedicated to Civil Protection.
Basic vocational training in comprehensive risk management	Strengthen prevention and civil protection culture and ensure that workers in this area have the necessary knowledge and skills, generate professional development in civil protection people so that with knowledge, merit and training they occupy positions in the operation of this sector in Mexico.	Asynchronous

Course	Objective	Duration	Synchronous/ asynchronous
Distance Learning training for integrated risk and disaster management Target audience: Public managers, representatives of municipal departments, civil defense agents, teachers and social educators, community leaders, students and professional researchers.
GIRD+10: Integrated risk and disaster management	Know the new paradigms, strategies and tools that support actions to reduce risks and disaster occurrences and support the National Civil Protection and Defense System, based on the Brazilian National Civil Protection and Defense Policy (Law 12,608/2012) guidelines.	24h	Asynchronous
Distance Learning training in civil protection and defense Target audience: Civil protection and defense agents from states and municipalities, civil society and those interested in the topic of risk and disaster management.
Civil protection and defense: introduction to national policy- Course 1	Training in civil protection and defense with an emphasis on national policy.	30h	Asynchronous
Civil protection and defense: action at the municipal level - Course 2	Present the topic of protection and civil defense with an emphasis on national policy, its main concepts and the context that surrounds it.	30h	Asynchronous
Civil protection and defense: risk management - Course 3	Present risk management steps when a disaster has not yet occurred; encompassing prevention, mitigation and preparedness actions.	30h	Asynchronous
Civil protection and defense: disaster management - Course 4	Understand how disaster management occurs, what are the main concepts and phases applied. Understand what the initial measures are, the practical response actions, the bodies involved and the social recovery and reconstruction actions as well as when to declare an abnormal situation and request support resources.	30h	Asynchronous
Distance Learning training for contingency plan preparation Target audience: Civil protection and defense agents from states and municipalities and civil society and those interested in the topic of risk and disaster management.
Contingency plan preparation for disaster risks - Course 1	Know aspects related to contextualization and conceptualization and the steps in their elaboration to develop skills, abilities and attitudes necessary to strengthen the culture of disaster risk management and train protection and civil defense agents in Brazilian municipalities.	30h	Asynchronous
Contingency plan preparation for mass movement disaster risk - Course 2	Understand what they are, what the concepts and legislative aspects are related to the contingency plan applied to these types of disasters. Also know the first stage of preparation, operationalization and review of said plan.	30h	Asynchronous
Contingency plan preparation for the risks arising from dams - Course 3	Know the concepts and legislative aspects and procedures that must be followed for preparation, implementation and maintenance of contingency plans aimed at risks arising from dams based on a checking methodology defined by nine steps that contribute to planned actions being effective.	30h	Asynchronous
Monitoring and alerting Target audience: Civil protection and defense agents from states and municipalities; civil society and those interested in risk and disaster management.
Training to use the public alert dissemination interface	Understand the operation and management of the Public Alert Disclosure Interface platform as well as monitor actions, alert levels, risk communication strategies, the main guidelines and good practices in using the tool.	30h	Asynchronous
Alert design methodology: from theory to practice	Deepen the main concepts related to disaster risk and understand how they are expressed in the alerts sent by CEMADEN and apply them in routine civil protection and defense work.	40h	Asynchronous
Monitoring and alert systems to support local risk and disaster management	Know the foundations, potential and products of a system, its importance for planning preventive actions for protection and civil defense. Learn to use disaster risk management instruments on a local scale as a tool to assist in the decision-making process.	30h	Asynchronous
Technical aspects of geo-hydrological extremes in the country and regional differences	Know the processes of formation of geo-hydrological events, the concepts, methods and tools used in their prediction, and their impacts in the different regions of Brazil to better interpret the bulletins, alerts, reports and other products provided by competent bodies.	60h	Asynchronous
Distance Learning training to use the Integrated Disaster Information System - (S2ID) Target Audience: Civil protection and defense agents, Integrated Disaster Information System users, public servants from any sphere of power, and any interested person, open course.
S2ID - All - System access	Introduction to the system where the available tools and procedures for user registration are presented.	20h	Asynchronous
S2ID - All - Contingency plan	Understand how the process of preparing a Contingency plan occurs using the system as a tool.	40h	Asynchronous
S2ID - Municipal user - Registration and recognition	Understand how to register disasters occurring in the country and how to request support from the Federal Government, through federal recognition, or from the state, through state approval.	40h	Asynchronous
S2ID - Municipal user - Resource request for response actions	Know the steps for completing the resource request for assistance and restoration actions and their specificities.	40h	Asynchronous
S2ID - Municipal user - Executing response actions	Understand how the process of applying resources transferred by SEDEC to response actions (relief, assistance and restoration) to the disaster occurs.	30h	Asynchronous
S2ID - Municipal user - Accountability of response actions	Learn how to request a review or full return of resources and how to account for the resources transferred by SEDEC to the municipality for relief, assistance and restoration actions.	40h	Asynchronous
S2ID -- Municipal user - Request for resources for reconstruction works	Enable S2iD users to understand the steps for filling out resource requests for restoration works and their specificities.	40h	Asynchronous
S2ID - Municipal user - Monitoring of reconstruction works	Learn how to use S2iD in relation to the application of resources transferred by SEDEC for reconstruction works in municipalities.	25h	Asynchronous
S2ID - State user - Registration and recognition	Understand how to register disasters occurring in the country, request support from the Federal Government through federal recognition, analyze requests for state approval and monitor their processes.	50h	Asynchronous
S2ID - State user - Resource request for response actions	Know the steps for completing the resource request for assistance and restoration actions and their specificities.	40h	Asynchronous
S2ID - State user -Executing response actions	Understand how the process of applying resources transferred by SEDEC to response actions (relief, assistance and restoration) to the disaster occurs.	30h	Asynchronous
S2ID - State user -Accountability of response actions	Know how to request a review or full return of resources and how to account for the resources transferred by SEDEC to their state for relief, assistance and restoration actions.	40h	Asynchronous
S2ID - State user - Accountability of response actions	Know how to request a review or full return of resources and how to account for the resources transferred by SEDEC to their state for relief, assistance and restoration actions.	40h	Asynchronous
S2ID - State user - Request for resources for reconstruction works	Learn how to make requests for resources for reconstruction works after the emergency situation or state of public calamity in their state has been recognized by the Federal Government.	40h	Asynchronous
S2ID - State user - Monitoring of reconstruction works	Learn how to use S2ID in relation to the application of resources transferred by SEDEC for reconstruction works in municipalities.	25h	Asynchronous
S2ID - Person on duty (all) - Monitoring	Train users to use the system to fulfill functions related to monitoring areas at risk of emergency situations or states of public calamity as well as validating disaster records in accordance with the duties and competencies of a person on duty.	45h	Asynchronous
S2ID - Federal user - Registration and recognition	Know how to use S2ID to fulfill functions related to the analysis of requests for federal recognition of an emergency situation or state of public calamity, carried out by the municipality, state or Federal District, taking into account the duties and competencies of analysts, coordinators and directors.	50h	Asynchronous
S2ID - Federal user - Resource request for response actions	Understand how to use S2ID to fulfill functions related to analysis of requests for federal resources for response actions to emergency situations or states of public calamity, comprising procedures linked to the duties and competencies of analysts, coordinators, general coordinators and directors.	40h	Asynchronous
S2ID - Federal user - Releasing resources for response actions	Learn how to use the system to fulfill functions related to the formalization of releasing resources for response actions to emergency situations or states of public calamity in accordance with the duties and competencies of analysts, coordinators, general coordinators and directors in each department and coordination.	50h	Asynchronous
S2ID - Federal user - Executing response actions	Learn how to use S2ID to monitor the application of resources transferred by SEDEC to execute response actions in municipalities affected by disasters.	35h	Asynchronous
S2ID - Federal user - Accountability of response actions	Understand how the process of accountability of approved and executed response actions occurs.	40h	Asynchronous
S2ID - Federal user - Releasing resources for reconstruction works	Learn how to use S2ID to fulfill functions related to the formalization of releasing resources for reconstruction works, in order to assist applicants in recovering damages and losses generated by emergency situations or states of public calamity.	40h	Asynchronous
S2ID - Federal user - Monitoring of reconstruction works	Learn to perform the functions related to the stage of monitoring the release of resources for reconstruction actions, which is made up of procedures linked to monitoring the progress report and analyzing the extension of deadlines and the release of installments.	20h	Asynchronous
S2ID - Federal user - Request for resources for reconstruction works	Enable S2ID users to understand the steps for filling out resource requests for restoration works and their specificities.	40h	Asynchronous

Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pós Graduação em Enfermagem Campus Universitário Trindade, 88040-970 Florianópolis - Santa Catarina - Brasil, Tel.: (55 48) 3721-4915 / (55 48) 3721-9043 - Florianópolis - SC - Brazil
E-mail: textoecontexto@contato.ufsc.br

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[1] CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Marcela Possato Correa da Rosa. marcela.correadarosa@gmail.com