Winetsky et al., 201222. Winetsky DE, Negoescu DM, DeMarchis EH, Almukhamedova O, Dooronbekova A, Pulatov D, et al. Screening and rapid molecular diagnosis of tuberculosis in prisons in Russia and Eastern Europe: A cost-effectiveness analysis. PLoS Med [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2023 Dec 18];9(11):e1001348. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001348 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.100...
2222. Winetsky DE, Negoescu DM, DeMarchis EH, Almukhamedova O, Dooronbekova A, Pulatov D, et al. Screening and rapid molecular diagnosis of tuberculosis in prisons in Russia and Eastern Europe: A cost-effectiveness analysis. PLoS Med [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2023 Dec 18];9(11):e1001348. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001348 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.100...
/ PLOS Medicine / Russia and Western Europe |
Article |
Cost-effectiveness study |
Develop models to simulate simultaneous TB* and MDR-TB† epidemics in prisons in order to assess the relative effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of alternative strategies for TB* screening and diagnosis available to prison health administrators. |
It used public data without identification, but did not mention the size of the population studied. |
The use of RMT-TB‡ as an annual primary screening tool among the prison population more effectively reduced the prevalence of TB* (from 2.78% to 2.31%) and the prevalence of MDR-TB† (from 0.74% to 0.63%). The addition of RMT-TB‡ to the currently used strategy of annual mass radiography screening was cost-effective over 10 years compared with mass radiography screening alone, but produced only a modest reduction in the prevalence of MDR-TB† (from 0. 74% to 0.69%) and had minimal effect on TB* prevalence (from 2.78% to 2.74%). |
Al-Darraji et al., 201323. Al-Darraji HAA, Razak HA, Ng KP, Altice FL, Kamarulzaman A. The diagnostic performance of a single GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay in an intensified tuberculosis case finding survey among HIV-infected prisoners in Malaysia. PLoS One [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2023 Dec 18];8(9):e73717. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0073717 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.007...
2323. Al-Darraji HAA, Razak HA, Ng KP, Altice FL, Kamarulzaman A. The diagnostic performance of a single GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay in an intensified tuberculosis case finding survey among HIV-infected prisoners in Malaysia. PLoS One [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2023 Dec 18];8(9):e73717. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0073717 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.007...
/ PLOS ONE / Malaysia |
Article |
Cross-sectional study |
To estimate the diagnostic accuracy of a single RMT-TB‡ assay and assess the correlates of active TB* among PDL§ living with HIV|| in a Malaysian prison. |
125 PDL§ with HIV||
|
The sensitivity of RMT-TB‡ for pulmonary cases was 53.3%, while the specificity and positive predictive value was 100%. The negative predictive value of the test was 94%. RMT-TB‡ diagnosed eight of the 15 cases confirmed by sputum culture, while sputum smear microscopy diagnosed only one case. |
Gurbanova et al., 201724. Gurbanova E, Mehdiyev R, Blondal K, Altraja A. Impact of systematic screening on the burden of tuberculosis in Azerbaijan prisons. Eur Respir J [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2023 Dec 18];50 Suppl 61:PA2678. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1183/1393003.congress-2017.PA2678 https://doi.org/10.1183/1393003.congress...
2424. Gurbanova E, Mehdiyev R, Blondal K, Altraja A. Impact of systematic screening on the burden of tuberculosis in Azerbaijan prisons. Eur Respir J [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2023 Dec 18];50 Suppl 61:PA2678. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1183/1393003.congress-2017.PA2678 https://doi.org/10.1183/1393003.congress...
/ European Respiratory Journal / Azerbaijan |
Resumo publicado em anais de evento |
Not reported |
To evaluate the impact of systematic screening with chest radiography and RMT-TB‡ on the incidence of TB* in prisons with a high burden of the disease |
2,315 PDL§ with TB* |
Systematic screening and screening at the entrance of the PDL§ to the prison unit with RMT-TB‡ enabled greater identification of bacilliferous cases (adjusted odds ratio 1.49 and 2.0, respectively) when compared to mass screening by sputum smear microscopy. The notification rate decreased significantly after the introduction of systematic screening. |
Morishita et al., 201725. Morishita F, Garfin AMCG, Lew W, Oh KH, Yadav R-P, Reston JC, et al. Bringing state-of-the-art diagnostics to vulnerable populations: The use of a mobile screening unit in active case finding for tuberculosis in Palawan, the Philippines. PLoS One [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2023 Dec 18];12(2):e0171310. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0171310 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.017...
2525. Morishita F, Garfin AMCG, Lew W, Oh KH, Yadav R-P, Reston JC, et al. Bringing state-of-the-art diagnostics to vulnerable populations: The use of a mobile screening unit in active case finding for tuberculosis in Palawan, the Philippines. PLoS One [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2023 Dec 18];12(2):e0171310. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0171310 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.017...
/ PLOS ONE / The Phillippines |
Article |
Retrospective review |
Describe TB* diagnostic yield and treatment outcomes for different target populations. Examine predictors of TB* and the contribution of improved diagnostic tools to overall case detection. |
25,103 individuals participated in the study, of which 6,133 were PDL§
|
2,130 PDL§ were subjected to both tests: RMT-TB‡ and sputum smear microscopy, with 358 (16.8%) positive to RMT-TB‡ and 217 (10.2%) positive to sputum smear microscopy. RMT-TB‡ also diagnosed 29 cases of resistance to rifampicin. |
Magalhães et al., 201826. Magalhães JLO, Araújo AA, Silva LO, Coutinho IO, Lima JFC, Almeida AMP, et al. Incremento da baciloscopia no diagnóstico de tuberculose pulmonar em pessoas privadas de liberdade. Rev Bras Anal Clin [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2023 Dec 18];50(3):250-4. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21877/2448-3877.201800690 https://doi.org/10.21877/2448-3877.20180...
2626. Magalhães JLO, Araújo AA, Silva LO, Coutinho IO, Lima JFC, Almeida AMP, et al. Incremento da baciloscopia no diagnóstico de tuberculose pulmonar em pessoas privadas de liberdade. Rev Bras Anal Clin [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2023 Dec 18];50(3):250-4. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21877/2448-3877.201800690 https://doi.org/10.21877/2448-3877.20180...
/ Revista Brasileira de Análises Clínicas / Brazil |
Article |
Prospective cross-sectional study |
To evaluate an easy-to-perform and low-cost procedure to increase the performance of conventional direct smear microscopy in the diagnosis of pulmonary TB* in PDL§. |
436 sputum samples |
When comparing the performance of the evaluated methods in relation to culture, the sensitivity of conventional direct sputum smear microscopy was 70%, that of processed sputum sputum smear microscopy was 87% and that of RMT-TB‡ was 89%. The specificity of these tests was 99%, 99% and 97%, respectively. The positive predictive value was 98%, 93% and 84%, respectively, while the negative predictive value was 94%, 98% and 98%. The reference test was RMT-TB, the sensitivity of direct sputum smear microscopy was 65%, of processed sputum smear microscopy was 84% and culture of 84%. |
Merid et al., 201827. Merid Y, Woldeamanuel Y, Abebe M, Datiko DG, Hailu T, Habtamu G, et al. High utility of active tuberculosis case finding in an Ethiopian prison. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2023 Dec 18];22(5):524-9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.17.0635 https://doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.17.0635...
2727. Merid Y, Woldeamanuel Y, Abebe M, Datiko DG, Hailu T, Habtamu G, et al. High utility of active tuberculosis case finding in an Ethiopian prison. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2023 Dec 18];22(5):524-9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.17.0635 https://doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.17.0635...
/ The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease / Ethiopia |
Article |
Cross-sectional study |
Determine pulmonary TB* burden using active case finding among PDL§. |
2,068 PDL§, of which 372 had a cough and were tested with microscopy and RMT-TB |
Carrying out RMT-TB‡ enabled identifying 31 (8%) cases of pulmonary TB*, while microscopy identified eight (2%) cases. RMT-TB‡ also enabled identifying a case of resistance to rifampicin. |
Monteiro et al., 201828. Monteiro NR, D’Andrea LAZ, Lima PES, Alfredo MX, Romão MM. Diagnóstico da tuberculose em unidades prisionais do oeste paulista: Importância da cultura e avaliação da implantação do teste rápido molecular. Colloq Vitae [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2023 Jul 23];10(1):35-40. Available from: https://doi.org/10.5747/cv.2018.v10.n1.v218 https://doi.org/10.5747/cv.2018.v10.n1.v...
2828. Monteiro NR, D’Andrea LAZ, Lima PES, Alfredo MX, Romão MM. Diagnóstico da tuberculose em unidades prisionais do oeste paulista: Importância da cultura e avaliação da implantação do teste rápido molecular. Colloq Vitae [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2023 Jul 23];10(1):35-40. Available from: https://doi.org/10.5747/cv.2018.v10.n1.v218 https://doi.org/10.5747/cv.2018.v10.n1.v...
/ Colloq Vitae / Brazil |
Article |
Retrospective cohort |
Analyze the importance of automated culture (“gold standard”), the performance of RMT-TB‡ and the distribution of the TB* quantity in five prison units. |
4,509 PDL§
|
RMT-TB‡ presented a specificity of 99.0%, sensitivity of 72.7% and agreement of 97.0% in results when compared to culture (Reference Test). |
Buangoen; Ingviya, 202029. Buangoen A, Ingviya T. Characteristics and Xpert MTB/RIF assay results of prisoners with pulmonary tuberculosis, Songkhla Province, Southern Thailand. J Med Assoc Thai [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2023 Jul 23];103(4):387-95. Available from: http://www.jmatonline.com/index.php/jmat/article/view/10878 http://www.jmatonline.com/index.php/jmat...
2929. Buangoen A, Ingviya T. Characteristics and Xpert MTB/RIF assay results of prisoners with pulmonary tuberculosis, Songkhla Province, Southern Thailand. J Med Assoc Thai [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2023 Jul 23];103(4):387-95. Available from: http://www.jmatonline.com/index.php/jmat/article/view/10878 http://www.jmatonline.com/index.php/jmat...
/ Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand / Thailand |
Article |
Cross-sectional study |
To estimate the prevalence of pulmonary TB* in four prisons in Songkhla Province and evaluate the factors affecting the results of the RMT-TB‡ trial |
10,626 PDL§ initially tested with X-ray, and if image suggestive of pulmonary TB* they were submitted to microscopy or RMT-TB‡
|
The RMT-TB‡ did not help diagnose TB* in prisons in this study. |
Evrevin et al., 202130. Evrevin M, Hermet L, Guillet-Caruba C, Nivose P-L, Sordoillet V, Mellon G, et al. Improving tuberculosis management in prisons: Impact of a rapid molecular point-of-care test. J Infect [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 Dec 18];82(2):235-9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.11.042 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.11.0...
3030. Evrevin M, Hermet L, Guillet-Caruba C, Nivose P-L, Sordoillet V, Mellon G, et al. Improving tuberculosis management in prisons: Impact of a rapid molecular point-of-care test. J Infect [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 Dec 18];82(2):235-9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.11.042 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.11.0...
/ Journal of Infection / France |
Article |
Diagnostic accuracy |
Assess the feasibility and interest of implementing RMT-TB‡ in prison hospitals to reduce delays in diagnosis. |
76 PDL§ admitted to a custody hospital |
The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of RMT-TB‡ were respectively: 92.3%, 100%, 100% and 98.7% in raw sputum. The efficiency of RMT-TB‡ was superior to sputum smear microscopy and confirmed by a 97% agreement with culture findings. The delay in microbiological diagnosis was reduced from 18 to 13 days for inmates with negative smear microscopy. RMT-TB‡ results helped accelerate the suspension of prisoner isolation. |
Fajer et al., 202131. Fajer EB, Costa FD, Pelissari DM, Diaz Quijano FA, Brito AC, Cunha EAT, et al. Use of rapid molecular tuberculosis diagnostics across Brazil's incarcerated population. medRxiv [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 Dec 18]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.30.21266839 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.30.21266...
3131. Fajer EB, Costa FD, Pelissari DM, Diaz Quijano FA, Brito AC, Cunha EAT, et al. Use of rapid molecular tuberculosis diagnostics across Brazil's incarcerated population. medRxiv [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 Dec 18]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.30.21266839 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.30.21266...
/ medRxiv preprint / Brazil |
Preprint Article |
Retrospective cross-sectional study |
Analyze the SINAN ¶ registry to quantify the use of RMT-TB‡ and chest radiography in PDL§ in Brazil and identify critical gaps in the use of recommended diagnostic methods. |
258,014 new TB* cases reported between 2015 and 2018 |
Diagnosis with RMT-TB‡ varied from 4.7% and 4.9% in Pará and Mato Grosso, to 64.5% and 72.4% in Goiás and Amapá, respectively. Among 26 municipalities in Brazil with at least five thousand individuals and five cases of TB* diagnosed between 2015-2018, seven reported that less than 36.2% (national average) of incarcerated patients were diagnosed with RMT-TB‡. |
Santos et al., 202132. Santos AS, Oliveira RD, Lemos EF, Lima F, Cohen T, Cords O, et al. Yield, efficiency, and costs of mass screening algorithms for tuberculosis in Brazilian prisons. Clin Infect Dis [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 Dec 18];72(5):771-7. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa135 https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa135...
3232. Santos AS, Oliveira RD, Lemos EF, Lima F, Cohen T, Cords O, et al. Yield, efficiency, and costs of mass screening algorithms for tuberculosis in Brazilian prisons. Clin Infect Dis [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 Dec 18];72(5):771-7. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa135 https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa135...
/ Clinical Infectious Diseases / Brazil |
Article |
Prospective study |
To analyze the yield, efficiency and costs associated with four TB* screening algorithms in PDL§. |
5,387 PDL§
|
Using a single RMT-TB‡ sputum test for all resulted in the detection of 74% of cases at a lower cost ($249 per case detected). Using a single RMT-TB‡ sputum test only for those reporting TB symptoms had a similar cost ($255) but resulted in a lower yield (65%). Two strategies using chest radiography with computer-assisted detection associated with RMT-TB‡ had higher costs ($331 and $384, respectively, per case detected), with the fourth strategy having a slightly higher yield than the first (78% vs 74%). |
Freitas et al., 202233. Freitas GL, França GEM, Souza TR, Macário VM, Camargo AF, Protti-Zanatta S, et al. Diagnosis and monitoring of tuberculosis - Differences between the general population and those with vulnerabilities. Cogitare Enferm [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Dec 18];27:e83607. Available from: https://doi.org/10.5380/ce.v27i0.87364 https://doi.org/10.5380/ce.v27i0.87364...
3333. Freitas GL, França GEM, Souza TR, Macário VM, Camargo AF, Protti-Zanatta S, et al. Diagnosis and monitoring of tuberculosis - Differences between the general population and those with vulnerabilities. Cogitare Enferm [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Dec 18];27:e83607. Available from: https://doi.org/10.5380/ce.v27i0.87364 https://doi.org/10.5380/ce.v27i0.87364...
/ Cogitare Enfermagem / Brasil |
Article |
Descriptive study |
To compare the performance of diagnostic tests and monitoring of TB* between the general population and populations in situations of social vulnerability in the city of Belo Horizonte (MG). |
249 PDL§
|
A reduction in the average time to start treatment in PDL was observed with the introduction of RMT-TB‡ (the average time decreased from 16.57 days to 0.95 days) |
Santos et al., 202234. Santos PCP, Santos AS, Oliveira RD, Silva BO, Soares TR, Martinez L, et al. Pooling sputum samples for efficient mass tuberculosis screening in prisons. Clin Infect Dis [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Dec 18];74(12):2115-21. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab847 https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab847...
3434. Santos PCP, Santos AS, Oliveira RD, Silva BO, Soares TR, Martinez L, et al. Pooling sputum samples for efficient mass tuberculosis screening in prisons. Clin Infect Dis [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Dec 18];74(12):2115-21. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab847 https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab847...
/ Clinical Infectious Diseases / Brasil |
Article |
Prospective study |
To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the pooled sputum test with RMT-TB‡ compared to the individual test; Evaluate how the size of the sputum cluster affects screening efficiency in scenarios with different TB prevalence; Estimate costs for screening using pooled sputum testing with RMT-TB‡. |
1,280 sputum samples from PDL§
|
The study grouped four, eight, 12 and 16 sputum samples. Sample pooling sensitivity and specificity were high (sensitivity: 94%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 88-98; specificity: 100%, 95%CI: 84-100). Sensitivity was higher in clusters where the positive sample had a high mycobacterial load compared to low loads (100% vs 88%). In places with higher TB* prevalence, clusters of four and eight samples were more efficient than larger clusters. Larger pools decreased costs by 87% in low prevalence sites, while smaller sample pools led to greater cost savings in sites with higher TB* prevalence (57%). |