ABSTRACT
This paper makes a theoretical discussion about the intersections between notions of race and language in racialized societies because of the violent process of european colonization in the Americas, such as Brazil. This racialization subordinates bodies to the detriment of others considered universal and not racialized: white man, european, heterosexual. However, I consider here that all bodies are racialized, as this is a mark of difference that generates social inequalities. Starting from the decolonial perspective (MIGNOLO, 2003MIGNOLO, W. (2003). Histórias locais / projetos globais: colonialidade, saberes subalternos e pensamento liminar. Belo Horizonte: Editora UFMG.; LUGONES, 2014LUGONES, M. (2010). Rumo a um feminismo descolonial. Estudos Feministas, Florianópolis, v. 22, n. 3, setembro-dezembro/2014, p. 935-952.), which highlights the importance of considering the colonial difference as a physical and imaginary space where the coloniality of power emerges and operates, the exhibition will focus on the concepts of linguistic ideologies (BAUMAN; BRIGGS, 2000BAUMAN, R.; BRIGGS, C. (2000). Language Philosophy and Language Ideology: John Locke and Johan Gottfried Herder. In: Kroskrity, P. V. (org.). Regimes of Language: ideologies, polities, and identities. Santa Fe, New Mexico: School of American Research Press, p. 139-204.; BLOMMAERT; VERSCHUEREN, 1998BLOMMAERT, J.; VERSCHUEREN, J. (1998). The role of language in European Nationalist ideologies. In: Schieffelin, B.; Woolard, K. A.; Kroskrity, P. V. (org.). Language Ideologies: practice and theory. New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 189-210.; KROSKRITY, 2004KROSKRITY, P. V. (2004). Language Ideologies. In: Duranti, A. (org.). A companion to Linguistic Anthropology. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, p. 496-517.; IRVINE, 1989IRVINE, J. T. (1989). When talk isn’t cheap: language and political economy. American Ethnologist, v. 16, n. 2, p. 248-267.) and how such ideologies are mobilized to justify racial hierarchies imposed on society (PINTO, 2014PINTO, J. P. (2014). Contradições e Hierarquias nas Ideologias Linguísticas do Conselho Nacional de Imigração. Domínios de lingu@gem. v. 8, n. 3, p. 108-134.; 2018; ROSA; FLORES, 2017ROSA, J.; FLORES, N. (2017). Unsettling race and language: Toward a raciolinguistic perspective. Language and Society, v. 46, n. 5, p. 621-647.; ROSA, 2019ROSA, J. (2019). Looking like a language, sounding like a race: raciolinguistic ideologies and the learning of Latinidad. New York: Oxford University Press, p. 125-176.; NASCIMENTO, 2019NASCIMENTO, G. (2019). Racismo linguístico: os subterrâneos da linguagem. Belo Horizonte: Letramento.), serving a hegemonic colonial nation project, arising from modernity, centered on the triad: one nation, one people, one language. Such a modern colonial project denies the existence of other cosmologies and ontologies, as a mechanism for controlling bodies. Finally, I present studies that start from border thinking, in the Mignolo (2003)MIGNOLO, W. (2003). Histórias locais / projetos globais: colonialidade, saberes subalternos e pensamento liminar. Belo Horizonte: Editora UFMG. sense, indicating counter-hegemonic solutions and processes of counter colonization, according to hooks (2008); Bispo dos Santos (2015)BISPO DOS SANTOS, A. (2015). Colonização, Quilombos: modos e significações. Brasília: INCTI/UNB. and others who leave this historically subordinate place to destabilize the academic colonial tradition. Thereby, I will think about the importance of knowledge production generated by academic indigenous and quilombolas aiming at the resumption of their stories, fighting against inequalities that have been justified by the single story (ADICHIE, 2019ADICHIE, C. N. (2019). O perigo de uma história única. Tradução: Julia Romeu. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras.).
Keywords:
language ideologies; raciolinguistic; racial hierarchies; coloniality of power; counter colonization