Nabipour et al.,26 2018 |
Iran |
Randomized clinical trial |
30 cancer patients |
There is no information about gender of the sample |
There is no information about age |
MBCT |
Unclear |
BSSI |
Reduction in suicidal thoughts in MBCT group. |
Britton et al.,27 2014 |
USA |
Randomized clinical trial |
100 children |
45.5% were female |
Mean age of 11.8 years |
Daily mindfulness meditation practice lasting 6 weeks. |
African history course with a matched experiential activity |
Item-18 and 91 of Youth Self Report were combined to make a suicidal ideation/behavior critical item subscale |
Greater reductions in development of suicidality in the MBI group. |
Serpa et al.,28 2014 |
USA |
Quasi-experimental |
78 veterans |
89% were male |
Mean age was 60 |
MBSR 9 weekly sessions including seated and walking meditations, gentle yoga, body scans, and discussions of pain, stress, and mindfulness. |
There was no control group |
Item 9 of PHQ-9 |
The frequency of suicidal ideation decreased by almost half, from 24% to 12%. |
Forkmann et al.,29 2014 |
The Netherlands |
Randomized clinical trial |
130 veterans |
79% were female in intervention group and 73% were female in control group |
Intervention group mean age was 44.6 and control group mean age was 43.2 |
MBCT Meditation exercises combined with cognitive behavioral techniques. Total of 20 hours. |
Waiting list |
Respective item from the self-rating form of the Dutch version of the Inventory of Depressive Symptoms |
Post-hoc tests showed a significant reduction of suicidal ideation in the MBCT-group, but not in the waiting list control-group. |
Forkmann et al.,30 2016 |
Germany |
Randomized clinical trial |
106 outpatients |
65.7% were female in the TAU group, 63.9% were female in the CBASP group, and 58.2% were female in the MBCT group |
Mean age was 50 years in the TAU group, 50.2 years in the CBASP group, and 48.4 years in the MBCT group |
MBCT Individual pre-class interview and eight weekly 2.5-hour group sessions. Total number of hours: 20. |
CBASP - consisted of two individual treatment sessions and eight weekly 2.5-h group sessions. TAU |
Item 3 from the HAMD and item 9 of the BDI |
MBCT and CBASP reduced suicidal symptoms if measured with the HAMD suicide item. Neither MBCT nor CBASP showed an incremental effect on the reduction of SI as assessed with the BDI suicide item compared to TAU. |
Chesim et al.,31 2016 |
USA |
Quasi-experimental |
10 outpatients |
They were mostly female (80%) |
They ranged in age from 18 to 64 years (mean 41.7) |
MBCT developed to prevent suicidal behavior. The intervention lasted 9 weeks (SPI individually + 8 sessions of weekly group MBCT-based treatment). Total of 16 hours. |
No control group. |
Leiden Depression Sensitivity Index - Revised |
Participants evidenced significant reductions in hopelessness/suicidality from pre to post-MBCT-S treatment. |
Lu et al.,32 2019 |
China |
Randomized controlled trial |
49 children |
25.4% of participants were female |
The average age of participants was 11.7 |
Based on MBCT with practices from MBSR. 8 weeks with 1 hour group sessions once a week and homework exercises. Total of 8 hours. |
Waiting list |
PANSI |
The mindfulness-training group showed a significant decrease in suicide ideation. |
Barnhofer et al.,33 2009 |
United Kingdom |
Randomized controlled trial |
28 patients |
About two thirds were women |
Most participants were middle-aged |
MBCT with some minor alterations to address suicidality plus TAU. Eight weekly classes of 2h duration plus homework for about an hour per day for six days a week. Total of 16 hours. |
TAU |
BSSI |
Neither analyses by intent-to-treat nor of the per-protocol sample yielded significant effects. |
Barnhofer et al.,34 2015 |
United Kingdom |
Randomized controlled trial |
194 patients |
74% were women |
Mean age was 43.7 years |
MBCT, except that they placed greater emphasis on patterns and thoughts associated with suicidality. Eight weekly classes of 2-hour sessions Total of 16 hours. |
TAU CPE that comprised all elements of the MBCT program except for the experiential cultivation of mindfulness through meditation practice |
BDI-II Suicidal Cognitions Scale |
Participants in the MBCT group showed a general reduction in suicidal cognitions. |
Raj et al.,35 2019 |
India |
Quasi-experimental |
30 |
50% respondents were female |
Mean age was 14 years |
MBCT. 12 sessions including assessments in the first and the last session. Sessions once a week, 45 minutes to an hour duration. Total amount of hours between 7h30 to 10 hours. |
No control group |
Modified version of the BSSI |
Scores on the Modified Scale for Suicidal Ideation decreased in the post-test. |
Kenny et al.,36 2007 |
Australia |
Quasi-experimental |
76 depressed patients and outpatients |
20 were male and 59 were female. |
They were aged between 17 and 61 years |
MBCT 8 weekly classes of 2 hour sessions, up to an hour of which was spent in meditation practices. Homework involved around 1 h per day of meditation or yoga, and other related formal and informal practices for the 8 weeks. Total number of hours: 16. |
No control group |
BDI-II |
They examined which BDI items significantly differed at pre-treatment for those who did and those who did not report suicidality. |
Chesin et al.,37 2015 |
USA |
Quasi-experimental |
16 |
83% were female |
They were aged between 18 and 64 years (mean=41.7) |
MBCT to prevent suicidal behavior. Nine weekly classes of approximately 2-hour sessions. Session one was provided individually. Sessions two through nine were delivered in a group format. Beginning in session two, participants were asked to complete 20 min of formal mindfulness meditation practice three times per week between sessions. Total of 24 hours. |
No control group |
CSHF BSSI |
Completers evidenced significant reductions in suicidal ideation, as measured using the BSSI, and in depression, as measured using the BDI-II, pre to post-MBCT-S treatment. In the intent-to-treat analyses, reductions in suicidal thoughts trended toward significance. |
Le & Gobert,38 2015 |
USA |
Quasi-experimental |
8 youths |
5 were male |
Mean age 17 years |
Adaptation/translation of a mindfulness curriculum for cultural relevancy with Native American traditions and spiritual practices. The mindfulness classes comprised four sessions per week, 55 min per session, over 10 weeks with weekly homework assignments. Total of 36 hours. |
No control group |
Item 9 of PHQ-9 |
At pre-test, 44 % reported several days to more than half the days of thinking that they thought that they were better off dead or had thoughts of hurting themselves in some way, while at post-test, 100% responded not at all to the item. |
Miklovitz et al.,39 2009 |
USA |
Quasi-experimental |
16 outpatients |
16 were female and 6 were male |
Mean age 40.6 years |
MBCT Mindfulness meditation strategies and traditional cognitive-behavioral techniques to address the mode in which negative thoughts and feelings and emerging manic symptoms are processed. Total of 16 hours. |
No control group |
BSSI |
Reductions were observed in suicidal ideation. |