Schizophrenia |
Albacet8
|
Cross-sectional |
37 clinical subjects + 37 first degree relatives + 37 healthy controls |
Impairment in MSCEIT score for the clinical sample and for the first degree relatives. |
- Small sample. - Groups were not well matched for age, gender and IQ. |
Schizophrenia |
Brambilla9
|
Clinical Trial |
31 schizophrenia patients |
They found that 4-months’ treatment with intranasal oxytocin was related to improvement in the understanding emotions branch of MSCEIT. |
- Small, mainly male and young sample. - Unable to tell if the effects were seen only in social cognition or in general cognition as well. |
Schizophrenia |
Cicero10
|
Cross-sectional |
45 schizophrenia patients + 28 healthy controls |
They found that the clinical sample had worse MSCEIT performance when compared to controls. Positive symptoms were related to poorer perception and management of emotions. |
- Small sample. - Unable to establish causal effects. |
Schizophrenia |
Dawson11
|
Cross-sectional |
20 clinical subjects + 20 healthy controls |
Impairment in MSCEIT score, social functioning and Neurocognition for the clinical sample. |
- Small sample. - Samples were not well matched for premorbid intelligence. |
Schizophrenia |
Eack12
|
Cross-sectional (validity) |
64 clinical subjects (37 with schizophrenia + 23 with schizoaffective disorder + 4 with schizophreniform disorder) |
They report that the MSCEIT has adequate internal consistency and reliability to evaluate the sample. They also found a shift in the EI factor structure in the sample when compared to healthy subjects. |
- Small sample. - Patients were selected from a clinical trial of CET. |
Schizophrenia |
Eack13
|
Retrospective |
64 clinical subjects (same as the previous study - Eack et al.12) + normative sample with 2563 subjects |
They confirm the previous finding of a shift in the factor structure of EI in patients with schizophrenia. |
- Small clinical sample. - Absence of demographically-matched controls known to be free from mental disorders. |
Schizophrenia |
Eack14
|
Randomized controlled trial |
58 early-course outpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders |
They found CET to be an effective approach for improving cognitive deficits in the sample. |
- Small sample. |
Schizophrenia |
Eack15
|
Clinical trial |
58 early-course schizophrenia outpatients |
They found CET had an impact on EI measures and correlated this result with the functional outcome. |
- Small sample. - Unable to discard type I error. |
Schizophrenia |
Frajo-Apor16
|
Cross-sectional |
56 paranoid schizophrenia patients and 84 healthy controls |
They found that the clinical sample had poorer EI than the controls. They found this effect was mediated by non-social cognition. |
- They suggest that more tools could be used to assess EI. - Different treatments for different patients in the clinical sample. - Some of the patients were symptomatic during the tests. |
Schizophrenia |
Frajo-Apor17
|
Cross-sectional |
58 schizophrenia outpatients and 60 bipolar disorder I outpatients |
They demonstrate that the schizophrenia sample performed worse on the MSCEIT when compared to the bipolar disorder patients (except for the emotion perception branch). They also correlated the difference to non-social cognition. |
- They used the BACS to evaluate non-social cognition in both groups, although it is only validated for schizophrenia samples. - Some patients were not in full remission. |
Schizophrenia |
Green18
|
Cross-sectional |
- 50 individuals with prodromal risk syndrome for psychosis + 34 demographically comparable controls. - 81 first-episode schizophrenia + 46 demographically comparable controls. - 53 chronic schizophrenia + 47 demographically comparable controls. |
They found the clinical samples to have impairment on general MSCEIT performance. There was no significant difference in MSCEIT performance during the different phases of illness, except for the perception of emotions branch. |
- Some patients were using antipsychotic medications. - The sample was mainly young. - Unable to establish causal effects. |
Schizophrenia |
Kee19
|
Cross-sectional |
50 schizophrenia and 39 non-psychiatric controls |
The clinical sample had poorer EI than controls. The MSCEIT score was worse in patients with negative symptoms and those with poorer community functioning. |
- Small sample. - Unable to discard type I error. - Unable to evaluate if the severity of symptoms was related to the chronicity of disease, to emotional traits or to the long-term exposure to antipsychotic medications. |
Schizophrenia |
Lin20
|
Cross-sectional |
174 schizophrenia and 20 schizoaffective disorder |
They found MSCEIT to have a two-factor structure in the schizophrenia sample. Factor 1 broadly associated with the regulation and management of emotions and factor 2 related with facial emotion perception. |
- Unable to establish causal effects. |
Schizophrenia |
Mao21
|
Cross-sectional |
76 schizophrenia and 738 healthy controls |
They found MSCEIT-TC (Traditional Chinese Version) to be reliable and valid for assessment of EI in the schizophrenic sample. When comparing the groups, they found EI impairment in the clinical sample. The impact was more important for the Understanding Emotions and Managing Emotions branches. |
- Unable to establish the causal effects. - Cross-cultural assessment of EI. |
Schizophrenia |
McCleery22
|
Prospective observational cohort |
41 clinical subjects |
The results showed that there were no changes in emotional abilities over the 5-year period. Furthermore, EI had no significant longitudinal influence on community functioning after five years. |
- Small sample size. - Absence of healthy controls. |
Schizophrenia |
O’Reilly23
|
Prospective observational cohort |
89 schizophrenia (10 violent) |
The violent group performed worse on MSCEIT than the nonviolent group. The study also found that the severity of symptoms had a strong inverse correlation with MSCEIT performance. |
- The sample was in a secure forensic environment. - The sample was majority male. |
Schizophrenia |
Wojtalik24
|
Cross-sectional |
51 early-course, stabilized schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder patients. |
Patients with lower scores for Facilitating, Managing and Using emotions exhibited reduced gray matter density in the left parahippocampal gyrus. Those with poorer results in Facilitating and Managing emotions exhibited reduced right posterior cingulate gray matter density. |
- Moderate sample size. - Absence of healthy controls. - Unable to evaluate causal effects. |
Schizophrenia |
Tso25
|
Cross-sectional |
29 schizophrenia patients, 23 healthy controls. |
They suggested that compromised visual integration was a significant predictor of low EI scores, mainly due to a reduction in perception of ocular contact. |
- Unable to evaluate causal effects. - Moderate sample size. |
Schizophrenia |
Hurtado26
|
Cross-sectional |
19 schizophrenia (17 paranoid and 2 indefinite subtype), 15 borderline personality disorder and 18 healthy controls. |
Both groups of patients exhibited significantly lower performance in terms of total MSCEIT scores. Schizophrenia patients exhibited impairment in perception, facilitation and understanding of emotions in relation to the control group. |
- Unable to evaluate causal effects. - Small sample size and exploratory nature. |