ELEMENTOS ESSENCIAIS DO PAGAMENTO POR SERVIÇOS AMBIENTAIS

Coelho, Nayra Rosa; Gomes, Andréa da Silva; Jodas, Natália

doi:10.18623/rvd.v21.2734

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Artigo original • Veredas do Direito 21 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.18623/rvd.v21.2734 copiar

ELEMENTOS ESSENCIAIS DO PAGAMENTO POR SERVIÇOS AMBIENTAIS¹ 1 Este artigo é resultado de pesquisa realizada com financiamento da Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia (FAPESB), na forma de uma bolsa de doutorado, e contou com apoio da Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC).

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumo

O Pagamento por Serviços Ambientais (PSA) tem se delineado uma abordagem política estratégica que promete promover um incremento nos esforços de conservação e/ou restauração de ecossistemas e seus serviços associados. Nas últimas décadas, a literatura científica vem fornecendo orientações, a partir dos aprendizados acumulados das experiências, sobretudo internacionais, que podem ser consideradas para uma melhor concepção do instrumento. Este trabalho propõe-se a identificar os elementos essenciais, apontados pela literatura selecionada, que podem ser considerados para o regramento jurídico do PSA, além de avaliar o atendimento das normas jurídicas estaduais e municipais baianas às referidas diretrizes científicas. Para tanto, realizou-se uma revisão narrativa da literatura sobre o PSA, com análise de conteúdo selecionado a partir das referências que indicam diretrizes operacionais, critérios e abordagens sobre a eficácia e o planejamento de esquemas PSA bem-sucedidos. Posteriormente, verificou-se a adequação da legislação investigada quanto ao atendimento à referida literatura. Constatou-se que as leis (federal, estadual e municipais) atendem a mais de 60% dos elementos essenciais indicados pela doutrina selecionada.

Palavras-chave:
avaliação comparativa; instrumento econômico; legislação ambiental; pagamento por serviços ambientais

Elementos essenciais	Referências
Conceito	Farley e Costanza (2010FARLEY, J.; COSTANZA, R. Payments for ecosystem services: from local to global. Ecological Economics , [S. l.], v. 69, n. 11, p. 2060-2068, 2010. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.06.010 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.... ); *Sattler et al. (2013SATTLER, C. et al. Multi-classification of payments for ecosystem services: How do classification characteristics relate to overall PES success? Ecosystem Services , [S. l.], v. 6, p. 31-45, 2013. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.09.007 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.09... ); Huber-Stearns et al. (2017)HUBER-STEARNS, H. R. et al. Social-ecological enabling conditions for payments for ecosystem services. Ecology and Society, v. 22, n. 1, 2017. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://www.jstor.org/stable/26270112 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26270112... ; e Yan et al.* (2022**YAN, H. et al. Payments for ecosystem services as an essential approach to improving ecosystem services: A review. Ecological Economics , [S. l.], v. 201, e107591, 2022. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2022.107591 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2022.... ).
Voluntariedade	Farley e Costanza (2010FARLEY, J.; COSTANZA, R. Payments for ecosystem services: from local to global. Ecological Economics , [S. l.], v. 69, n. 11, p. 2060-2068, 2010. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.06.010 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.... ); *Sattler et al. (2013SATTLER, C. et al. Multi-classification of payments for ecosystem services: How do classification characteristics relate to overall PES success? Ecosystem Services , [S. l.], v. 6, p. 31-45, 2013. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.09.007 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.09... ); e Yan et al.* (2022**YAN, H. et al. Payments for ecosystem services as an essential approach to improving ecosystem services: A review. Ecological Economics , [S. l.], v. 201, e107591, 2022. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2022.107591 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2022.... ).
Adicionalidade	Farley e Costanza (2010FARLEY, J.; COSTANZA, R. Payments for ecosystem services: from local to global. Ecological Economics , [S. l.], v. 69, n. 11, p. 2060-2068, 2010. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.06.010 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.... ); *Banerjee et al. (2013BANERJEE, S. et al. How to sell ecosystem services: a guide for designing new markets. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 6, p. 297-304, 2013. Disponível em: Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/23470481 . Acesso em: 15 jun. 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/23470481... ); Engel (2016ENGEL, S. The devil in the detail: a practical guide on designing payments for environmental services. International Review of Environmental and Resource Economics, Altamonte Springs, v. 9, n. 1-2, p. 131-177, 2016. Disponível em: Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/101.00000076 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/101.00000076... ); Kaczan et al. (2017KACZAN, D. et al. Increasing the impact of collective incentives in payments for ecosystem services. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, [S. l.], v. 86, p. 48-67, 2017. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2017.06.007 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2017.06.0... ); e James e Sills (2019*JAMES, N.; SILLS, E. O. O. Payments for ecosystem services: program design and participation. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Environmental Science, Oxford, 28 ago. 2019. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199389414.013.580 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199... ).
Condicionalidade	Farley e Costanza (2010FARLEY, J.; COSTANZA, R. Payments for ecosystem services: from local to global. Ecological Economics , [S. l.], v. 69, n. 11, p. 2060-2068, 2010. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.06.010 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.... ); *Banerjee et al. (2013BANERJEE, S. et al. How to sell ecosystem services: a guide for designing new markets. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 6, p. 297-304, 2013. Disponível em: Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/23470481 . Acesso em: 15 jun. 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/23470481... ); Sattler et al. (2013SATTLER, C. et al. Multi-classification of payments for ecosystem services: How do classification characteristics relate to overall PES success? Ecosystem Services , [S. l.], v. 6, p. 31-45, 2013. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.09.007 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.09... ); Engel (2016ENGEL, S. The devil in the detail: a practical guide on designing payments for environmental services. International Review of Environmental and Resource Economics, Altamonte Springs, v. 9, n. 1-2, p. 131-177, 2016. Disponível em: Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/101.00000076 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/101.00000076... ); Wunder et al. (2018WUNDER, S. et al. From principles to practice in paying for nature’s services. Nature Sustainability , London, n. 1, p. 145-150, 2018. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-018-0036-x . Acesso em: 14 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-018-0036-... ); e James e Sills (2019*JAMES, N.; SILLS, E. O. O. Payments for ecosystem services: program design and participation. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Environmental Science, Oxford, 28 ago. 2019. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199389414.013.580 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199... ).
Elegibilidade e segmentação	Adhikari e Boag (2013ADHIKARI, B.; BOAG, G. Designing payments for ecosystem services schemes: some considerations. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, [S. l.], v. 5, n. 1, p. 72-77, 2013. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2012.11.001 . Acesso em: 15 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2012.11... ); *Banerjee et al. (2013BANERJEE, S. et al. How to sell ecosystem services: a guide for designing new markets. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 6, p. 297-304, 2013. Disponível em: Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/23470481 . Acesso em: 15 jun. 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/23470481... ); Sattler et al. (2013SATTLER, C. et al. Multi-classification of payments for ecosystem services: How do classification characteristics relate to overall PES success? Ecosystem Services , [S. l.], v. 6, p. 31-45, 2013. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.09.007 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.09... ); Engel (2016ENGEL, S. The devil in the detail: a practical guide on designing payments for environmental services. International Review of Environmental and Resource Economics, Altamonte Springs, v. 9, n. 1-2, p. 131-177, 2016. Disponível em: Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/101.00000076 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/101.00000076... ); Börner et al. (2017BÖRNER, J. et al. The effectiveness of payments for environmental services. World Development, [S. l.], v. 96, p. 359-374, 2017. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.03.020 . Acesso em: 15 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.... ); Chan et al. (2017CHAN, K. M. et al. Payments for ecosystem services: Rife with problems and potential - for transformation towards sustainability. Ecological Economics, [S. l.], v. 140, p. 110-122, 2017. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.04.029 . Acesso em: 15 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.... ); Campanhão e Ranieri (2019CAMPANHÃO, L. M. B.; RANIERI, V. E. L. Guideline framework for effective targeting of payments for watershed services. Forest policy and economics, Amsterdã, v. 104, p. 93-109, 2019. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2019.04.002 . Acesso em: 15 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2019.04... ); e James e Sills (2019*JAMES, N.; SILLS, E. O. O. Payments for ecosystem services: program design and participation. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Environmental Science, Oxford, 28 ago. 2019. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199389414.013.580 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199... ).
Equidade social	Farley e Costanza (2010FARLEY, J.; COSTANZA, R. Payments for ecosystem services: from local to global. Ecological Economics , [S. l.], v. 69, n. 11, p. 2060-2068, 2010. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.06.010 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.... ); Adhikari e Boag (2013ADHIKARI, B.; BOAG, G. Designing payments for ecosystem services schemes: some considerations. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, [S. l.], v. 5, n. 1, p. 72-77, 2013. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2012.11.001 . Acesso em: 15 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2012.11... ); *Hejnowicz et al. (2014HEJNOWICZ, A. P. et al. Evaluating the outcomes of payments for ecosystem services programmes using a capital asset framework. Ecosystem Services , [S. l.], v. 9, p. 83-97, 2014. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.05.001 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.05... ); Engel (2016ENGEL, S. The devil in the detail: a practical guide on designing payments for environmental services. International Review of Environmental and Resource Economics, Altamonte Springs, v. 9, n. 1-2, p. 131-177, 2016. Disponível em: Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/101.00000076 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/101.00000076... ); Grima et al. (2016GRIMA, N. et al. Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) in Latin America: Analysing the performance of 40 case studies. Ecosystem Services , [S. l.], v. 17, p. 24-32, 2016. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2015.11.010 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2015.11... ); Wunder et al. (2018WUNDER, S. et al. From principles to practice in paying for nature’s services. Nature Sustainability , London, n. 1, p. 145-150, 2018. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-018-0036-x . Acesso em: 14 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-018-0036-... ); Campanhão e Ranieri (2019CAMPANHÃO, L. M. B.; RANIERI, V. E. L. Guideline framework for effective targeting of payments for watershed services. Forest policy and economics, Amsterdã, v. 104, p. 93-109, 2019. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2019.04.002 . Acesso em: 15 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2019.04... ); e James e Sills (2019*JAMES, N.; SILLS, E. O. O. Payments for ecosystem services: program design and participation. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Environmental Science, Oxford, 28 ago. 2019. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199389414.013.580 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199... ).
Direito de propriedade	Farley e Costanza (2010FARLEY, J.; COSTANZA, R. Payments for ecosystem services: from local to global. Ecological Economics , [S. l.], v. 69, n. 11, p. 2060-2068, 2010. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.06.010 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.... ); Kolinjivadi e Sunderland (2012KOLINJIVADI, V. K.; SUNDERLAND, T. A review of two payment schemes for watershed services from China and Vietnam: the interface of government control and PES theory. Ecology and Society , [S. l.], v. 17, n. 4, 2012. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-05057-170410 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-05057-170410... ); Adhikari e Boag (2013ADHIKARI, B.; BOAG, G. Designing payments for ecosystem services schemes: some considerations. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, [S. l.], v. 5, n. 1, p. 72-77, 2013. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2012.11.001 . Acesso em: 15 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2012.11... ); *Hejnowicz et al. (2014HEJNOWICZ, A. P. et al. Evaluating the outcomes of payments for ecosystem services programmes using a capital asset framework. Ecosystem Services , [S. l.], v. 9, p. 83-97, 2014. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.05.001 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.05... ); Huber-Stearns et al. (2017)HUBER-STEARNS, H. R. et al. Social-ecological enabling conditions for payments for ecosystem services. Ecology and Society, v. 22, n. 1, 2017. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://www.jstor.org/stable/26270112 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26270112... ; e James e Sills (2019*JAMES, N.; SILLS, E. O. O. Payments for ecosystem services: program design and participation. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Environmental Science, Oxford, 28 ago. 2019. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199389414.013.580 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199... ).
Atores envolvidos	Kemkes, Farley e Koliba (2010KEMKES, R. J.; FARLEY, J.; KOLIBA, C. J. Determining when payments are an effective policy approach to ecosystem service provision. Ecological Economics , [S. l.], v. 69, n. 11, p. 2.069-2.074, 2010. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.11.032 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.... ); *Sattler et al. (2013SATTLER, C. et al. Multi-classification of payments for ecosystem services: How do classification characteristics relate to overall PES success? Ecosystem Services , [S. l.], v. 6, p. 31-45, 2013. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.09.007 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.09... ); Wegner (2016WEGNER, G. I. Payments for ecosystem services (PES): a flexible, participatory, and integrated approach for improved conservation and equity outcomes. Environment, Development and Sustainability, [S. l.], v. 18, n. 3, p. 617-644, 2016. ); Grima et al. (2016GRIMA, N. et al. Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) in Latin America: Analysing the performance of 40 case studies. Ecosystem Services , [S. l.], v. 17, p. 24-32, 2016. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2015.11.010 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2015.11... ); Engel (2016ENGEL, S. The devil in the detail: a practical guide on designing payments for environmental services. International Review of Environmental and Resource Economics, Altamonte Springs, v. 9, n. 1-2, p. 131-177, 2016. Disponível em: Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/101.00000076 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/101.00000076... ); Kaczan et al. (2017KACZAN, D. et al. Increasing the impact of collective incentives in payments for ecosystem services. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, [S. l.], v. 86, p. 48-67, 2017. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2017.06.007 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2017.06.0... ); Huber-Stearns et al. (2017)HUBER-STEARNS, H. R. et al. Social-ecological enabling conditions for payments for ecosystem services. Ecology and Society, v. 22, n. 1, 2017. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://www.jstor.org/stable/26270112 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26270112... ; e James e Sills (2019*JAMES, N.; SILLS, E. O. O. Payments for ecosystem services: program design and participation. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Environmental Science, Oxford, 28 ago. 2019. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199389414.013.580 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199... ).
Objetivos	Adhikari e Boag (2013ADHIKARI, B.; BOAG, G. Designing payments for ecosystem services schemes: some considerations. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, [S. l.], v. 5, n. 1, p. 72-77, 2013. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2012.11.001 . Acesso em: 15 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2012.11... ); *Sattler et al. (2013SATTLER, C. et al. Multi-classification of payments for ecosystem services: How do classification characteristics relate to overall PES success? Ecosystem Services , [S. l.], v. 6, p. 31-45, 2013. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.09.007 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.09... ); Hejnowicz et al. (2014HEJNOWICZ, A. P. et al. Evaluating the outcomes of payments for ecosystem services programmes using a capital asset framework. Ecosystem Services , [S. l.], v. 9, p. 83-97, 2014. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.05.001 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.05... ); Wegner (2016WEGNER, G. I. Payments for ecosystem services (PES): a flexible, participatory, and integrated approach for improved conservation and equity outcomes. Environment, Development and Sustainability, [S. l.], v. 18, n. 3, p. 617-644, 2016. ); Engel (2016ENGEL, S. The devil in the detail: a practical guide on designing payments for environmental services. International Review of Environmental and Resource Economics, Altamonte Springs, v. 9, n. 1-2, p. 131-177, 2016. Disponível em: Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/101.00000076 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/101.00000076... ); Huber-Stearns et al. (2017)HUBER-STEARNS, H. R. et al. Social-ecological enabling conditions for payments for ecosystem services. Ecology and Society, v. 22, n. 1, 2017. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://www.jstor.org/stable/26270112 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26270112... ; Wunder et al. (2018WUNDER, S. et al. From principles to practice in paying for nature’s services. Nature Sustainability , London, n. 1, p. 145-150, 2018. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-018-0036-x . Acesso em: 14 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-018-0036-... ); Campanhão e Ranieri (2019CAMPANHÃO, L. M. B.; RANIERI, V. E. L. Guideline framework for effective targeting of payments for watershed services. Forest policy and economics, Amsterdã, v. 104, p. 93-109, 2019. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2019.04.002 . Acesso em: 15 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2019.04... ); e James e Sills (2019*JAMES, N.; SILLS, E. O. O. Payments for ecosystem services: program design and participation. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Environmental Science, Oxford, 28 ago. 2019. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199389414.013.580 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199... ).
Serviços ambientais	Farley e Costanza (2010FARLEY, J.; COSTANZA, R. Payments for ecosystem services: from local to global. Ecological Economics , [S. l.], v. 69, n. 11, p. 2060-2068, 2010. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.06.010 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.... ); Kemkes, Farley e Koliba (2010KEMKES, R. J.; FARLEY, J.; KOLIBA, C. J. Determining when payments are an effective policy approach to ecosystem service provision. Ecological Economics , [S. l.], v. 69, n. 11, p. 2.069-2.074, 2010. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.11.032 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.... ); *Banerjee et al. (2013BANERJEE, S. et al. How to sell ecosystem services: a guide for designing new markets. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 6, p. 297-304, 2013. Disponível em: Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/23470481 . Acesso em: 15 jun. 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/23470481... ); Sattler et al. (2013SATTLER, C. et al. Multi-classification of payments for ecosystem services: How do classification characteristics relate to overall PES success? Ecosystem Services , [S. l.], v. 6, p. 31-45, 2013. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.09.007 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.09... ); Grima et al. (2016GRIMA, N. et al. Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) in Latin America: Analysing the performance of 40 case studies. Ecosystem Services , [S. l.], v. 17, p. 24-32, 2016. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2015.11.010 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2015.11... ); Hejnowicz et al. (2014HEJNOWICZ, A. P. et al. Evaluating the outcomes of payments for ecosystem services programmes using a capital asset framework. Ecosystem Services , [S. l.], v. 9, p. 83-97, 2014. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.05.001 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.05... ); Bremer et al. (2016BREMER, L. L. et al. One size does not fit all: natural infrastructure investments within the Latin American Water Funds Partnership. Ecosystem Services, [S. l.], v. 17, p. 217-236, 2016. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2212041615300681 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/ar... ); Börner et al. (2017BÖRNER, J. et al. The effectiveness of payments for environmental services. World Development, [S. l.], v. 96, p. 359-374, 2017. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.03.020 . Acesso em: 15 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.... ); Huber-Stearns et al. (2017)HUBER-STEARNS, H. R. et al. Social-ecological enabling conditions for payments for ecosystem services. Ecology and Society, v. 22, n. 1, 2017. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://www.jstor.org/stable/26270112 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26270112... ; e Campanhão e Ranieri (2019*CAMPANHÃO, L. M. B.; RANIERI, V. E. L. Guideline framework for effective targeting of payments for watershed services. Forest policy and economics, Amsterdã, v. 104, p. 93-109, 2019. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2019.04.002 . Acesso em: 15 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2019.04... ).
Práticas de manejo	Kemkes, Farley e Koliba (2010KEMKES, R. J.; FARLEY, J.; KOLIBA, C. J. Determining when payments are an effective policy approach to ecosystem service provision. Ecological Economics , [S. l.], v. 69, n. 11, p. 2.069-2.074, 2010. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.11.032 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.... ); *Hejnowicz et al. (2014HEJNOWICZ, A. P. et al. Evaluating the outcomes of payments for ecosystem services programmes using a capital asset framework. Ecosystem Services , [S. l.], v. 9, p. 83-97, 2014. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.05.001 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.05... ); Bremer et al. (2016BREMER, L. L. et al. One size does not fit all: natural infrastructure investments within the Latin American Water Funds Partnership. Ecosystem Services, [S. l.], v. 17, p. 217-236, 2016. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2212041615300681 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/ar... ); Huber-Stearns et al. (2017)HUBER-STEARNS, H. R. et al. Social-ecological enabling conditions for payments for ecosystem services. Ecology and Society, v. 22, n. 1, 2017. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://www.jstor.org/stable/26270112 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26270112... ; e James e Sills (2019*JAMES, N.; SILLS, E. O. O. Payments for ecosystem services: program design and participation. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Environmental Science, Oxford, 28 ago. 2019. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199389414.013.580 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199... ).
Tipo de incentivo	Farley e Costanza (2010FARLEY, J.; COSTANZA, R. Payments for ecosystem services: from local to global. Ecological Economics , [S. l.], v. 69, n. 11, p. 2060-2068, 2010. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.06.010 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.... ); Kemkes, Farley e Koliba (2010KEMKES, R. J.; FARLEY, J.; KOLIBA, C. J. Determining when payments are an effective policy approach to ecosystem service provision. Ecological Economics , [S. l.], v. 69, n. 11, p. 2.069-2.074, 2010. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.11.032 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.... ); Kolinjivadi e Sunderland (2012KOLINJIVADI, V. K.; SUNDERLAND, T. A review of two payment schemes for watershed services from China and Vietnam: the interface of government control and PES theory. Ecology and Society , [S. l.], v. 17, n. 4, 2012. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-05057-170410 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-05057-170410... ); Adhikari e Boag (2013ADHIKARI, B.; BOAG, G. Designing payments for ecosystem services schemes: some considerations. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, [S. l.], v. 5, n. 1, p. 72-77, 2013. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2012.11.001 . Acesso em: 15 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2012.11... ); *Banerjee et al. (2013BANERJEE, S. et al. How to sell ecosystem services: a guide for designing new markets. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 6, p. 297-304, 2013. Disponível em: Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/23470481 . Acesso em: 15 jun. 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/23470481... ); Sattler et al. (2013SATTLER, C. et al. Multi-classification of payments for ecosystem services: How do classification characteristics relate to overall PES success? Ecosystem Services , [S. l.], v. 6, p. 31-45, 2013. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.09.007 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.09... ); Hejnowicz et al. (2014HEJNOWICZ, A. P. et al. Evaluating the outcomes of payments for ecosystem services programmes using a capital asset framework. Ecosystem Services , [S. l.], v. 9, p. 83-97, 2014. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.05.001 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.05... ); Bremer et al. (2016BREMER, L. L. et al. One size does not fit all: natural infrastructure investments within the Latin American Water Funds Partnership. Ecosystem Services, [S. l.], v. 17, p. 217-236, 2016. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2212041615300681 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/ar... ); Engel (2016ENGEL, S. The devil in the detail: a practical guide on designing payments for environmental services. International Review of Environmental and Resource Economics, Altamonte Springs, v. 9, n. 1-2, p. 131-177, 2016. Disponível em: Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/101.00000076 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/101.00000076... ); Grima et al. (2016GRIMA, N. et al. Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) in Latin America: Analysing the performance of 40 case studies. Ecosystem Services , [S. l.], v. 17, p. 24-32, 2016. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2015.11.010 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2015.11... ); Chan et al. (2017CHAN, K. M. et al. Payments for ecosystem services: Rife with problems and potential - for transformation towards sustainability. Ecological Economics, [S. l.], v. 140, p. 110-122, 2017. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.04.029 . Acesso em: 15 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.... ); Huber-Stearns et al. (2017)HUBER-STEARNS, H. R. et al. Social-ecological enabling conditions for payments for ecosystem services. Ecology and Society, v. 22, n. 1, 2017. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://www.jstor.org/stable/26270112 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26270112... ; Kaczan et al. (2017KACZAN, D. et al. Increasing the impact of collective incentives in payments for ecosystem services. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, [S. l.], v. 86, p. 48-67, 2017. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2017.06.007 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2017.06.0... ); e Wunder et al. (2018*WUNDER, S. et al. From principles to practice in paying for nature’s services. Nature Sustainability , London, n. 1, p. 145-150, 2018. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-018-0036-x . Acesso em: 14 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-018-0036-... ).
Fonte de pagamento	Farley e Costanza (2010FARLEY, J.; COSTANZA, R. Payments for ecosystem services: from local to global. Ecological Economics , [S. l.], v. 69, n. 11, p. 2060-2068, 2010. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.06.010 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.... ); Kemkes, Farley e Koliba (2010KEMKES, R. J.; FARLEY, J.; KOLIBA, C. J. Determining when payments are an effective policy approach to ecosystem service provision. Ecological Economics , [S. l.], v. 69, n. 11, p. 2.069-2.074, 2010. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.11.032 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.... ); Kolinjivadi e Sunderland (2012KOLINJIVADI, V. K.; SUNDERLAND, T. A review of two payment schemes for watershed services from China and Vietnam: the interface of government control and PES theory. Ecology and Society , [S. l.], v. 17, n. 4, 2012. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-05057-170410 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-05057-170410... ); Adhikari e Boag (2013ADHIKARI, B.; BOAG, G. Designing payments for ecosystem services schemes: some considerations. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, [S. l.], v. 5, n. 1, p. 72-77, 2013. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2012.11.001 . Acesso em: 15 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2012.11... ); *Banerjee et al. (2013BANERJEE, S. et al. How to sell ecosystem services: a guide for designing new markets. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 6, p. 297-304, 2013. Disponível em: Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/23470481 . Acesso em: 15 jun. 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/23470481... ); Sattler et al. (2013SATTLER, C. et al. Multi-classification of payments for ecosystem services: How do classification characteristics relate to overall PES success? Ecosystem Services , [S. l.], v. 6, p. 31-45, 2013. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.09.007 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.09... ); Hejnowicz et al. (2014HEJNOWICZ, A. P. et al. Evaluating the outcomes of payments for ecosystem services programmes using a capital asset framework. Ecosystem Services , [S. l.], v. 9, p. 83-97, 2014. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.05.001 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.05... ); Engel (2016ENGEL, S. The devil in the detail: a practical guide on designing payments for environmental services. International Review of Environmental and Resource Economics, Altamonte Springs, v. 9, n. 1-2, p. 131-177, 2016. Disponível em: Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/101.00000076 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/101.00000076... ); Grima et al. (2016GRIMA, N. et al. Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) in Latin America: Analysing the performance of 40 case studies. Ecosystem Services , [S. l.], v. 17, p. 24-32, 2016. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2015.11.010 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2015.11... ); Börner et al. (2017BÖRNER, J. et al. The effectiveness of payments for environmental services. World Development, [S. l.], v. 96, p. 359-374, 2017. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.03.020 . Acesso em: 15 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.... ); Chan et al. (2017CHAN, K. M. et al. Payments for ecosystem services: Rife with problems and potential - for transformation towards sustainability. Ecological Economics, [S. l.], v. 140, p. 110-122, 2017. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.04.029 . Acesso em: 15 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.... ); Wunder et al. (2018WUNDER, S. et al. From principles to practice in paying for nature’s services. Nature Sustainability , London, n. 1, p. 145-150, 2018. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-018-0036-x . Acesso em: 14 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-018-0036-... ); James e Sills (2019JAMES, N.; SILLS, E. O. O. Payments for ecosystem services: program design and participation. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Environmental Science, Oxford, 28 ago. 2019. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199389414.013.580 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199... ); e Ola et al. (2019*OLA, O. et al. Determinants of the environmental conservation and poverty alleviation objectives of Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) programs. Ecosystem Services , [S. l.], v. 35, p. 52-66, 2019. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2018.10.011 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2018.10... ).
Custo do PSA	Ferraro (2008FERRARO, P. J. Asymmetric information and contract design for payments for environmental services. Ecological Economics , [S. l.], v. 65, n. 4, p. 810-821, 2008. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.07.029 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.... ); Kemkes, Farley e Koliba (2010KEMKES, R. J.; FARLEY, J.; KOLIBA, C. J. Determining when payments are an effective policy approach to ecosystem service provision. Ecological Economics , [S. l.], v. 69, n. 11, p. 2.069-2.074, 2010. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.11.032 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.... ); *Bremer et al. (2016BREMER, L. L. et al. One size does not fit all: natural infrastructure investments within the Latin American Water Funds Partnership. Ecosystem Services, [S. l.], v. 17, p. 217-236, 2016. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2212041615300681 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/ar... ); Engel (2016ENGEL, S. The devil in the detail: a practical guide on designing payments for environmental services. International Review of Environmental and Resource Economics, Altamonte Springs, v. 9, n. 1-2, p. 131-177, 2016. Disponível em: Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/101.00000076 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/101.00000076... ); Börner et al. (2017BÖRNER, J. et al. The effectiveness of payments for environmental services. World Development, [S. l.], v. 96, p. 359-374, 2017. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.03.020 . Acesso em: 15 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.... ); Huber-Stearns et al. (2017)HUBER-STEARNS, H. R. et al. Social-ecological enabling conditions for payments for ecosystem services. Ecology and Society, v. 22, n. 1, 2017. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://www.jstor.org/stable/26270112 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26270112... ; Wunder et al. (2018WUNDER, S. et al. From principles to practice in paying for nature’s services. Nature Sustainability , London, n. 1, p. 145-150, 2018. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-018-0036-x . Acesso em: 14 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-018-0036-... ); Campanhão e Ranieri (2019CAMPANHÃO, L. M. B.; RANIERI, V. E. L. Guideline framework for effective targeting of payments for watershed services. Forest policy and economics, Amsterdã, v. 104, p. 93-109, 2019. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2019.04.002 . Acesso em: 15 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2019.04... ); e James e Sills (2019*JAMES, N.; SILLS, E. O. O. Payments for ecosystem services: program design and participation. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Environmental Science, Oxford, 28 ago. 2019. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199389414.013.580 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199... ).
Monitoramento	Farley e Costanza (2010FARLEY, J.; COSTANZA, R. Payments for ecosystem services: from local to global. Ecological Economics , [S. l.], v. 69, n. 11, p. 2060-2068, 2010. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.06.010 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.... ); *Sattler et al. (2013SATTLER, C. et al. Multi-classification of payments for ecosystem services: How do classification characteristics relate to overall PES success? Ecosystem Services , [S. l.], v. 6, p. 31-45, 2013. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.09.007 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.09... ); Hejnowicz et al. (2014HEJNOWICZ, A. P. et al. Evaluating the outcomes of payments for ecosystem services programmes using a capital asset framework. Ecosystem Services , [S. l.], v. 9, p. 83-97, 2014. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.05.001 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.05... ); Bremer et al. (2016BREMER, L. L. et al. One size does not fit all: natural infrastructure investments within the Latin American Water Funds Partnership. Ecosystem Services, [S. l.], v. 17, p. 217-236, 2016. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2212041615300681 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/ar... ); Engel (2016ENGEL, S. The devil in the detail: a practical guide on designing payments for environmental services. International Review of Environmental and Resource Economics, Altamonte Springs, v. 9, n. 1-2, p. 131-177, 2016. Disponível em: Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/101.00000076 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/101.00000076... ); Börner et al. (2017BÖRNER, J. et al. The effectiveness of payments for environmental services. World Development, [S. l.], v. 96, p. 359-374, 2017. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.03.020 . Acesso em: 15 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.... ); Chan et al. (2017CHAN, K. M. et al. Payments for ecosystem services: Rife with problems and potential - for transformation towards sustainability. Ecological Economics, [S. l.], v. 140, p. 110-122, 2017. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.04.029 . Acesso em: 15 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.... ); Huber-Stearns et al. (2017)HUBER-STEARNS, H. R. et al. Social-ecological enabling conditions for payments for ecosystem services. Ecology and Society, v. 22, n. 1, 2017. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://www.jstor.org/stable/26270112 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26270112... ; Wunder et al. (2018WUNDER, S. et al. From principles to practice in paying for nature’s services. Nature Sustainability , London, n. 1, p. 145-150, 2018. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-018-0036-x . Acesso em: 14 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-018-0036-... ); Campanhão e Ranieri (2019CAMPANHÃO, L. M. B.; RANIERI, V. E. L. Guideline framework for effective targeting of payments for watershed services. Forest policy and economics, Amsterdã, v. 104, p. 93-109, 2019. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2019.04.002 . Acesso em: 15 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2019.04... ); e James e Sills (2019*JAMES, N.; SILLS, E. O. O. Payments for ecosystem services: program design and participation. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Environmental Science, Oxford, 28 ago. 2019. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199389414.013.580 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199... ).
Escala espacial	Farley e Costanza (2010FARLEY, J.; COSTANZA, R. Payments for ecosystem services: from local to global. Ecological Economics , [S. l.], v. 69, n. 11, p. 2060-2068, 2010. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.06.010 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.... ); Kemkes, Farley e Koliba (2010KEMKES, R. J.; FARLEY, J.; KOLIBA, C. J. Determining when payments are an effective policy approach to ecosystem service provision. Ecological Economics , [S. l.], v. 69, n. 11, p. 2.069-2.074, 2010. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.11.032 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.... ); *Banerjee et al. (2013BANERJEE, S. et al. How to sell ecosystem services: a guide for designing new markets. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 6, p. 297-304, 2013. Disponível em: Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/23470481 . Acesso em: 15 jun. 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/23470481... ); Sattler et al. (2013SATTLER, C. et al. Multi-classification of payments for ecosystem services: How do classification characteristics relate to overall PES success? Ecosystem Services , [S. l.], v. 6, p. 31-45, 2013. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.09.007 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.09... ); Engel (2016ENGEL, S. The devil in the detail: a practical guide on designing payments for environmental services. International Review of Environmental and Resource Economics, Altamonte Springs, v. 9, n. 1-2, p. 131-177, 2016. Disponível em: Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/101.00000076 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/101.00000076... ); Grima et al. (2016GRIMA, N. et al. Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) in Latin America: Analysing the performance of 40 case studies. Ecosystem Services , [S. l.], v. 17, p. 24-32, 2016. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2015.11.010 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2015.11... ); Börner et al. (2017BÖRNER, J. et al. The effectiveness of payments for environmental services. World Development, [S. l.], v. 96, p. 359-374, 2017. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.03.020 . Acesso em: 15 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.... ); Huber-Stearns et al. (2017)HUBER-STEARNS, H. R. et al. Social-ecological enabling conditions for payments for ecosystem services. Ecology and Society, v. 22, n. 1, 2017. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://www.jstor.org/stable/26270112 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26270112... ; e Wunder et al. (2018*WUNDER, S. et al. From principles to practice in paying for nature’s services. Nature Sustainability , London, n. 1, p. 145-150, 2018. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-018-0036-x . Acesso em: 14 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-018-0036-... ).
Escala temporal	Farley e Costanza (2010FARLEY, J.; COSTANZA, R. Payments for ecosystem services: from local to global. Ecological Economics , [S. l.], v. 69, n. 11, p. 2060-2068, 2010. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.06.010 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.... ); *Banerjee et al. (2013BANERJEE, S. et al. How to sell ecosystem services: a guide for designing new markets. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 6, p. 297-304, 2013. Disponível em: Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/23470481 . Acesso em: 15 jun. 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/23470481... ); Sattler et al. (2013SATTLER, C. et al. Multi-classification of payments for ecosystem services: How do classification characteristics relate to overall PES success? Ecosystem Services , [S. l.], v. 6, p. 31-45, 2013. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.09.007 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.09... ); Bremer et al. (2016BREMER, L. L. et al. One size does not fit all: natural infrastructure investments within the Latin American Water Funds Partnership. Ecosystem Services, [S. l.], v. 17, p. 217-236, 2016. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2212041615300681 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/ar... ); Engel (2016ENGEL, S. The devil in the detail: a practical guide on designing payments for environmental services. International Review of Environmental and Resource Economics, Altamonte Springs, v. 9, n. 1-2, p. 131-177, 2016. Disponível em: Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/101.00000076 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/101.00000076... ); Grima et al. (2016GRIMA, N. et al. Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) in Latin America: Analysing the performance of 40 case studies. Ecosystem Services , [S. l.], v. 17, p. 24-32, 2016. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2015.11.010 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2015.11... ); Börner et al. (2017BÖRNER, J. et al. The effectiveness of payments for environmental services. World Development, [S. l.], v. 96, p. 359-374, 2017. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.03.020 . Acesso em: 15 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.... ); Chan et al. (2017CHAN, K. M. et al. Payments for ecosystem services: Rife with problems and potential - for transformation towards sustainability. Ecological Economics, [S. l.], v. 140, p. 110-122, 2017. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.04.029 . Acesso em: 15 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.... ); Wunder et al. (2018WUNDER, S. et al. From principles to practice in paying for nature’s services. Nature Sustainability , London, n. 1, p. 145-150, 2018. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-018-0036-x . Acesso em: 14 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-018-0036-... ); Campanhão e Ranieri (2019CAMPANHÃO, L. M. B.; RANIERI, V. E. L. Guideline framework for effective targeting of payments for watershed services. Forest policy and economics, Amsterdã, v. 104, p. 93-109, 2019. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2019.04.002 . Acesso em: 15 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2019.04... ); e Ola et al. (2019*OLA, O. et al. Determinants of the environmental conservation and poverty alleviation objectives of Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) programs. Ecosystem Services , [S. l.], v. 35, p. 52-66, 2019. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2018.10.011 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2018.10... ).
Efeitos colaterais	*Sattler et al. (2013SATTLER, C. et al. Multi-classification of payments for ecosystem services: How do classification characteristics relate to overall PES success? Ecosystem Services , [S. l.], v. 6, p. 31-45, 2013. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.09.007 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.09... ); Bremer et al. (2016BREMER, L. L. et al. One size does not fit all: natural infrastructure investments within the Latin American Water Funds Partnership. Ecosystem Services, [S. l.], v. 17, p. 217-236, 2016. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2212041615300681 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/ar... ); Engel (2016ENGEL, S. The devil in the detail: a practical guide on designing payments for environmental services. International Review of Environmental and Resource Economics, Altamonte Springs, v. 9, n. 1-2, p. 131-177, 2016. Disponível em: Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/101.00000076 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/101.00000076... ); Börner et al. (2017BÖRNER, J. et al. The effectiveness of payments for environmental services. World Development, [S. l.], v. 96, p. 359-374, 2017. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.03.020 . Acesso em: 15 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.... ); Chan et al. (2017CHAN, K. M. et al. Payments for ecosystem services: Rife with problems and potential - for transformation towards sustainability. Ecological Economics, [S. l.], v. 140, p. 110-122, 2017. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.04.029 . Acesso em: 15 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.... ); Campanhão e Ranieri (2019CAMPANHÃO, L. M. B.; RANIERI, V. E. L. Guideline framework for effective targeting of payments for watershed services. Forest policy and economics, Amsterdã, v. 104, p. 93-109, 2019. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2019.04.002 . Acesso em: 15 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2019.04... ); e James e Sills (2019*JAMES, N.; SILLS, E. O. O. Payments for ecosystem services: program design and participation. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Environmental Science, Oxford, 28 ago. 2019. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199389414.013.580 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199... ).
Melhoria adaptativa	Farley e Costanza (2010FARLEY, J.; COSTANZA, R. Payments for ecosystem services: from local to global. Ecological Economics , [S. l.], v. 69, n. 11, p. 2060-2068, 2010. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.06.010 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.... ); e *Sattler et al. (2013*SATTLER, C. et al. Multi-classification of payments for ecosystem services: How do classification characteristics relate to overall PES success? Ecosystem Services , [S. l.], v. 6, p. 31-45, 2013. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.09.007 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.09... ).
Transparência	*Hejnowicz et al. (2014HEJNOWICZ, A. P. et al. Evaluating the outcomes of payments for ecosystem services programmes using a capital asset framework. Ecosystem Services , [S. l.], v. 9, p. 83-97, 2014. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.05.001 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.05... ); Huber-Stearns et al. (2017)*HUBER-STEARNS, H. R. et al. Social-ecological enabling conditions for payments for ecosystem services. Ecology and Society, v. 22, n. 1, 2017. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://www.jstor.org/stable/26270112 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26270112... .
Governança	Farley e Costanza (2010FARLEY, J.; COSTANZA, R. Payments for ecosystem services: from local to global. Ecological Economics , [S. l.], v. 69, n. 11, p. 2060-2068, 2010. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.06.010 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.... ); *Muradian et al. (2013MURADIAN, R. et al. Payments for ecosystem services and the fatal attraction of win‐win solutions. Conservation Letters, [S. l.], v. 6, n. 4, p. 274-279, 2013. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-263X.2012.00309.x . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-263X.2012... ); Bremer et al. (2016BREMER, L. L. et al. One size does not fit all: natural infrastructure investments within the Latin American Water Funds Partnership. Ecosystem Services, [S. l.], v. 17, p. 217-236, 2016. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2212041615300681 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/ar... ); Engel (2016ENGEL, S. The devil in the detail: a practical guide on designing payments for environmental services. International Review of Environmental and Resource Economics, Altamonte Springs, v. 9, n. 1-2, p. 131-177, 2016. Disponível em: Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/101.00000076 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/101.00000076... ); Chan et al. (2017CHAN, K. M. et al. Payments for ecosystem services: Rife with problems and potential - for transformation towards sustainability. Ecological Economics, [S. l.], v. 140, p. 110-122, 2017. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.04.029 . Acesso em: 15 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.... ); e Huber-Stearns et al. (2017)*HUBER-STEARNS, H. R. et al. Social-ecological enabling conditions for payments for ecosystem services. Ecology and Society, v. 22, n. 1, 2017. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://www.jstor.org/stable/26270112 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26270112... .
Sinergia política	Farley e Costanza (2010FARLEY, J.; COSTANZA, R. Payments for ecosystem services: from local to global. Ecological Economics , [S. l.], v. 69, n. 11, p. 2060-2068, 2010. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.06.010 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.... ); *Muradian et al. (2013MURADIAN, R. et al. Payments for ecosystem services and the fatal attraction of win‐win solutions. Conservation Letters, [S. l.], v. 6, n. 4, p. 274-279, 2013. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-263X.2012.00309.x . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-263X.2012... ); Wegner (2016WEGNER, G. I. Payments for ecosystem services (PES): a flexible, participatory, and integrated approach for improved conservation and equity outcomes. Environment, Development and Sustainability, [S. l.], v. 18, n. 3, p. 617-644, 2016. ); Grima et al. (2016*GRIMA, N. et al. Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) in Latin America: Analysing the performance of 40 case studies. Ecosystem Services , [S. l.], v. 17, p. 24-32, 2016. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2015.11.010 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2015.11... ).
Estrutura institucional	Farley e Costanza (2010FARLEY, J.; COSTANZA, R. Payments for ecosystem services: from local to global. Ecological Economics , [S. l.], v. 69, n. 11, p. 2060-2068, 2010. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.06.010 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.... ); Kemkes, Farley e Koliba (2010KEMKES, R. J.; FARLEY, J.; KOLIBA, C. J. Determining when payments are an effective policy approach to ecosystem service provision. Ecological Economics , [S. l.], v. 69, n. 11, p. 2.069-2.074, 2010. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.11.032 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.... ); Kolinjivadi e Sunderland (2012KOLINJIVADI, V. K.; SUNDERLAND, T. A review of two payment schemes for watershed services from China and Vietnam: the interface of government control and PES theory. Ecology and Society , [S. l.], v. 17, n. 4, 2012. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-05057-170410 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-05057-170410... ); Adhikari e Boag (2013ADHIKARI, B.; BOAG, G. Designing payments for ecosystem services schemes: some considerations. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, [S. l.], v. 5, n. 1, p. 72-77, 2013. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2012.11.001 . Acesso em: 15 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2012.11... ); *Muradian et al. (2013MURADIAN, R. et al. Payments for ecosystem services and the fatal attraction of win‐win solutions. Conservation Letters, [S. l.], v. 6, n. 4, p. 274-279, 2013. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-263X.2012.00309.x . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-263X.2012... ); Sattler et al. (2013SATTLER, C. et al. Multi-classification of payments for ecosystem services: How do classification characteristics relate to overall PES success? Ecosystem Services , [S. l.], v. 6, p. 31-45, 2013. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.09.007 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.09... ); Hejnowicz et al. (2014HEJNOWICZ, A. P. et al. Evaluating the outcomes of payments for ecosystem services programmes using a capital asset framework. Ecosystem Services , [S. l.], v. 9, p. 83-97, 2014. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.05.001 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.05... ); Bremer et al. (2016BREMER, L. L. et al. One size does not fit all: natural infrastructure investments within the Latin American Water Funds Partnership. Ecosystem Services, [S. l.], v. 17, p. 217-236, 2016. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2212041615300681 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/ar... ); Chan et al. (2017CHAN, K. M. et al. Payments for ecosystem services: Rife with problems and potential - for transformation towards sustainability. Ecological Economics, [S. l.], v. 140, p. 110-122, 2017. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.04.029 . Acesso em: 15 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.... ); Huber-Stearns et al. (2017)HUBER-STEARNS, H. R. et al. Social-ecological enabling conditions for payments for ecosystem services. Ecology and Society, v. 22, n. 1, 2017. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://www.jstor.org/stable/26270112 . Acesso em: 16 jun. 2024. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26270112... ; Wunder et al. (2018WUNDER, S. et al. From principles to practice in paying for nature’s services. Nature Sustainability , London, n. 1, p. 145-150, 2018. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-018-0036-x . Acesso em: 14 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-018-0036-... ); e Campanhão e Ranieri (2019*CAMPANHÃO, L. M. B.; RANIERI, V. E. L. Guideline framework for effective targeting of payments for watershed services. Forest policy and economics, Amsterdã, v. 104, p. 93-109, 2019. Disponível em: Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2019.04.002 . Acesso em: 15 jun. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2019.04... ).

Elementos essenciais	Lei federal	Lei estadual	Leis municipais (19)
Elementos essenciais	Lei n. 14.119/2021	Lei n. 13.223/2015	8 (42%)	6 (31%)	2 (11%)	1 (5%)	2 (11%)
Conceito	Art. 2º, IV	Art. 2º, XIX	Art. 2º, V	Art. 2º, VII
Voluntariedade	Art. 2º, IV	Art. 1º, § 1º; art. 2º, XVII; art. 6º, V		Art. 2º, VIII
Adicionalidade	Art. 9º, Parágrafo Único	Art. 2º, I, XVII; art. 20, V; art. 36	Art. 5º, III		Art. 4º, V
Condicionalidade	Art. 2º, IV; art. 3º, § 2º; art. 6º, III §§ 5º e 6º; seção IV; art. 22	Art. 2º, XII; art. 5º, I; art. 9º, II; art. 13, Parágrafo Único; art. 15; art. 20, VI	Art. 2º, V; art. 8º, III			Art. 163, I
Elegibilidade e segmentação	Art. 5º, III; art. 6º, § 2º; art. 8º; art. 9º; art. 10º	Art. 5º, IV, V; art. 6º; art. 15, § 1º	Art. 5º, V; art. 8º		Art. 4º, VII; art. 8º	Art. 163, IV
Equidade social	Art. 5º, III, XII; art. 8º, IV; art. 15, § 4º	Art. 4º, III, IX; art. 5º, IV; art. 6º, VII; art. 15, § 1º	Art. 3º, VI, art. 5, V		Art. 2º, VI; art. 5º, § 1
Direito de propriedade	Art. 6º, II; art. 12, Parágrafo Único; art. 22	Art. 6º, I; art. 20, IV	Art. 8, II		Art. 5º, § 1, I; art. 8, II
Atores envolvidos	Art. 2º, V, VI; art. 5º, VII; art. 15, § 1º	Art. 1º, § 1º; art. 2º, III, X, XI, XV; art. 6º	Art. 2º, II, III, IV	Art. 2º, IV, V, VI, IX
Objetivos	Art. 4º	Art. 4º	Art. 3º		Art. 2º	Art. 162
Serviços ambientais	Art. 1º, III, art. 7º; art. 8º	Art. 2º, XVIII, art. 8º, art. 15, § 2º	Art. 2º, I / art. 2º, III		Art. 5º
Práticas de manejo	Art. 7º	Art. 8º	Art. 8º, I				Art. 3º
Tipo de incentivo	Art. 3º; art. 17	Art. 2º, XII; art. 9º, II; art. 11; art. 14, IV	Art. 6º, III, IV, V	Art. 6º, IV, V, VI	Art. 6º, III, IV, V	Art. 164, I, II, III	Art. 2º
Fonte de pagamento	Art. 4º, XIII; art. 6º, § 7º; art. 21	Art. 28; art. 31	Art. 11	Art. 12		Art. 166	Art. 7º
Custo do PSA		Art. 28, § 3º
Monitoramento	Art. 4º, IX, XI; art. 5º, X; art. 11; art. 12, III; art. 14, Parágrafo Único; art. 15, II	Art. 5º, VI; art. 6º, IV; art. 9º, IV; art. 13; art. 14	Art. 8º, Parágrafo Único		Art. 2º, XI	Art. 164, V
Escala espacial	Art. 4º, I; art. 5º, IX; art. 6º, § 3º; art. 8º; art. 9º	Art. 8º	Art. 5º, I, II, III		Art. 4º, II, III, V	Art. 163, IV	Art. 4º
Escala temporal							Art. 2º, Parágrafo Único
Externalidade		Art. 14
Melhoria adaptativa	Art. 5º, X; art. 6º, § 8º; art. 15, II, III	Art. 5º, VI; art. 23, V	Art. 5º, VI		Art. 4º, VIII	Art. 163, V
Transparência	Art. 4º, X; art. 5º, VIII; art. 11; art. 13; art. 16	Art. 5º, IV; art. 6º, III, VI; art. 9º, VI; art. 29; art. 32; art. 33	Art. 6º, VIII	Art. 6º, IX	Art. 1, X; art. 6, VIII	Art. 162, VI; art. 164, IV; art. 167
Governança	Art. 5º, VI; art. 15º	Art. 2º, VI; art. 6º, II; art. 22; art. 23	Art. 12	Art. 14	Art. 5º, § 1º, II, ar 13	Art. 168	Art. 5º
Sinergia política	Art. 4º, § 1º; art. 5º, IV, V; art. 9º; art. 10; art. 16, § 2º	Art. 1º, § 2º; art. 20, § 2º	Art. 5º, IV	Art. 5º, III	Art. 4º, VI
Estrutura institucional	Art. 4º, § 2º; art. 15, § 1º; art. 20	Art. 4º, XIII; art. 21; art. 23, III	Art. 5º, VII	Art. 5º, VII, art. 13	Art. 4º, IX	Art. 162, I; art. 168	Art. 6º
Recomendações
Condições prévias (ex-ante)		Art. 14
Contexto específico	Art. 6º, § 1º; art. 6º, IV; art. 15, § 3º	Art. 15, § 2º
Motivação	Art. 4º, § 1º; art. 11	Art. 4º, VIII; art. 8º, XII; art. 35	Art. 6º, VI	Art. 6º, VII	Art. 6º, VI	Art. 164, III
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ELEMENTOS ESSENCIAIS DO PAGAMENTO POR SERVIÇOS AMBIENTAIS1 1 Este artigo é resultado de pesquisa realizada com financiamento da Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia (FAPESB), na forma de uma bolsa de doutorado, e contou com apoio da Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC).

Resumo

ELEMENTOS ESSENCIAIS DO PAGAMENTO POR SERVIÇOS AMBIENTAIS¹ 1 Este artigo é resultado de pesquisa realizada com financiamento da Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia (FAPESB), na forma de uma bolsa de doutorado, e contou com apoio da Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC).