Morphology of the arthrodial membrane gland in a Neotropical harvester (Arachnida: Opiliones)

We describe a gland in the arthrodial membrane of the coxa-trochanter articulation in the fourth pair of legs in the Neotropical harvester Mischonyx squalidus Bertkau, 1880. Externally the glandular area has a rough appearance with pores on its surface, with folds of the arthrodial membrane. Internally, its secretory cells have spherical secretory vesicles, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and ducts that exit from the cells and cross the arthrodial membrane. Histochemical tests indicate the presence of proteins and neutral glycoproteins. The function of the gland might be to produce lubricating products that allow better movement of the coxa-trochanter region.

KEY WORDS:
Elastic membrane; intersegmental membrane; lubrication; harvestman

Authorship

Norton Felipe dos Santos Silva

Conceptualization

methodology

formal analysis

investigation

data curation

writing - original draft preparation

writing - review and editing, project administration

Laboratório de Histofisiologia Evolutiva, Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo. Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes 1524, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Universidade de São PauloBrazilSão Paulo, SP, BrazilLaboratório de Histofisiologia Evolutiva, Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo. Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes 1524, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Sistemas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Tecidual e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo. Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes 1524, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Universidade de São PauloBrazilSão Paulo, SP, BrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Sistemas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Tecidual e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo. Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes 1524, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Laboratório de Ecologia Sensorial e Comportamento de Artrópodes, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo. Rua Arlindo Béttio 1000, 03828-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Universidade de São PauloBrazilSão Paulo, SP, BrazilLaboratório de Ecologia Sensorial e Comportamento de Artrópodes, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo. Rua Arlindo Béttio 1000, 03828-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5511-4855

Pedro Luiz Mailho-Fontana

Conceptualization

methodology

writing - original draft preparation

writing - review and editing

supervision

funding acquisition

Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Butantan. Avenida Vital Brasil 1500, 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Instituto ButantanBrazilSão Paulo, SP, BrazilLaboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Butantan. Avenida Vital Brasil 1500, 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3843-742X

Pedro Ismael da Silva-Junior

Conceptualization

methodology

resources

supervision

project administration

funding acquisition

Laboratório de Toxinologia Aplicada, Instituto Butantan. Avenida Vital Brasil 1500, 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Instituto ButantanBrazilSão Paulo, SP, BrazilLaboratório de Toxinologia Aplicada, Instituto Butantan. Avenida Vital Brasil 1500, 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6619-6489

José Roberto Machado Cunha da Silva

Conceptualization

methodology

resources

data curation

writing - original draft preparation

funding acquisition

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1687-8526

Rodrigo Hirata Willemart

Resources

project administration

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo. Rua do Matão 321, Travessa 1, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Universidade de São PauloBrazilSão Paulo, SP, BrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo. Rua do Matão 321, Travessa 1, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4446-597X

Corresponding author: Rodrigo Hirata Willemart (willemart@usp.br)

Editorial responsibility

Ricardo Pinto da Rocha

Author Contributions

Conceptualization, NFSS, RHW, PISJ, PLMF; Methodology, NFSS, PLMF, PISJ, RHW; Formal analysis, NFSS; Investigation, NFSS; Resources PISJ, PLMF, JRMCS; Data curation, NFSS, PLMF; Writing - original draft preparation, NFSS, RHW, PLMF; Writing - review and editing, NFSS, RHW; Supervision, PISJ, RHW; Project administration, NFSS, PISJ, JRMCS; Funding acquisition PISJ, JRMCS, RHW. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures

Figures (5)

Thumbnail

Figure 1
External morphology of a male harvester Mischonyx squalidus: (A) dorsal view. The anterior region is on the right, legs I, II and III were removed. The square shows the arthrodial membrane in the leg IV and the pore plate (pp); (B) regions with folds (Fo) and without folds; (B-D) show increasing zoom of the pore plate, a region without folds. Arrows show pores.

Thumbnail

Figure 2
Sections through an arthrodial membrane of the coxa (CX) - trochanter (TR) articulation of a leg IV in a male harvester Mischonyx squalidus: (A) frontal longitudinal section; (B) transversal section between the coxa and the trochanter of leg IV. (AM) Arthrodial membrane, (c) cuticle (sclerite cuticle), (m) muscle.

Thumbnail

Figure 3
Sagital sections through an arthrodial membrane of the coxa-trochanter articulation of a leg IV in a male harvester Mischonyx squalidus: (A) arthrodial membrane cuticle (AM) and cuticle (sclerite cuticle) (c); (B) arthrodial membrane and basal membrane of secretory cells; (C) secretory cells (sc) with glandular prismatic cells (black arrows), granules (gray arrows) and cuticular canals (cc) stained with hematoxylin and eosin. (bm) Basal membrane, (ci) cytoplasm, (Fo) folds, (n) nucleus.

Thumbnail

Figure 4
Sagital sections through an arthrodial membrane of the coxa-trochanter articulation of a leg IV in a male harvester Mischonyx squalidus: (A) staining with bromophenol blue; (B) staining with PAS. (AM) Arthrodial membrane, (SC) secretory cells, (cc) cuticular canals.

Thumbnail

Figure 5
Interior of a prismatic cell in the arthrodial membrane of the coxa - trochanter articulation of a leg IV in a male harvester Mischonyx squalidus: (A) smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ser); (B) mitochondrion (circle) and granules (gray arrows).

Figure 1 External morphology of a male harvester Mischonyx squalidus: (A) dorsal view. The anterior region is on the right, legs I, II and III were removed. The square shows the arthrodial membrane in the leg IV and the pore plate (pp); (B) regions with folds (Fo) and without folds; (B-D) show increasing zoom of the pore plate, a region without folds. Arrows show pores.

Figure 2 Sections through an arthrodial membrane of the coxa (CX) - trochanter (TR) articulation of a leg IV in a male harvester Mischonyx squalidus: (A) frontal longitudinal section; (B) transversal section between the coxa and the trochanter of leg IV. (AM) Arthrodial membrane, (c) cuticle (sclerite cuticle), (m) muscle.

Figure 3 Sagital sections through an arthrodial membrane of the coxa-trochanter articulation of a leg IV in a male harvester Mischonyx squalidus: (A) arthrodial membrane cuticle (AM) and cuticle (sclerite cuticle) (c); (B) arthrodial membrane and basal membrane of secretory cells; (C) secretory cells (sc) with glandular prismatic cells (black arrows), granules (gray arrows) and cuticular canals (cc) stained with hematoxylin and eosin. (bm) Basal membrane, (ci) cytoplasm, (Fo) folds, (n) nucleus.

Figure 4 Sagital sections through an arthrodial membrane of the coxa-trochanter articulation of a leg IV in a male harvester Mischonyx squalidus: (A) staining with bromophenol blue; (B) staining with PAS. (AM) Arthrodial membrane, (SC) secretory cells, (cc) cuticular canals.

Figure 5 Interior of a prismatic cell in the arthrodial membrane of the coxa - trochanter articulation of a leg IV in a male harvester Mischonyx squalidus: (A) smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ser); (B) mitochondrion (circle) and granules (gray arrows).

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Morphology of the arthrodial membrane gland in a Neotropical harvester (Arachnida: Opiliones)

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[1] Corresponding author: Rodrigo Hirata Willemart (willemart@usp.br)