Dry beans, peas and peanuts |
Cardiovascular |
Epidemiologic Follow-up Study |
22% reduction in coronary heart disease (CHD) and 11% reduction in cardiovascular disease (CVD) |
Bazzano et al. (2001) Bazzano, L. A., He, J., Ogden, L. G., Loria, C., Vupputuri, S., Myers, L., & Whelton, P. K. (2001). Legume consumption and risk of coronary heart disease in US men and women: NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study. Archives of Internal Medicine, 161(21), 2573-2578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.161.21.2573. PMid:11718588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.161....
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Legumes |
Cardiovascular |
Meta-analysis |
Decreased risk of 10% in both CVD and CHD |
Marventano et al. (2017 Marventano, S., Pulido, M. I., Sanchez-Gonzalez, C., Godos, J., Speciani, A., Galvano, F., & Grosso, G. (2017). Legume consumption and CVD risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Public Health Nutrition, 20(2), 245-254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1368980016002299. PMid:28077199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S136898001600...
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Baked beans |
Hypercholesterolemia |
unblinded, 2 × 2 randomized crossover with baked bean treatment and a control treatment |
5.6% reduction in total cholesterol and 5.4% in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol |
Winham & Hutchins (2007 Winham, D. M., & Hutchins, A. M. (2007). Baked bean consumption reduces serum cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic adults. Nutrition Research, 27(7), 380-386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2007.04.017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2007...
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Cooked beans, chickpeas or lentils |
Cardiovascular and diabetic |
randomized controlled trial |
Reduced hemoglobinA1c (HbA1c) level and reduction in coronary heart disease (CHD) risk |
Jenkins et al. (2012 Jenkins, D. J., Kendall, C. W., Augustin, L. S., Mitchell, S., Sahye-Pudaruth, S., Blanco Mejia, S., Chiavaroli, L., Mirrahimi, A., Ireland, C., Bashyam, B., Vidgen, E., Souza, R. J., Sievenpiper, J. L., Coveney, J., Leiter, L. A., & Josse, R. G. (2012). Effect of legumes as part of a low glycemic index diet on glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Internal Medicine , 172(21), 1653-1660. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/2013.jamainternmed.70. PMid:23089999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/2013.jamainte...
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Five cups/week yellow peas, chickpeas, navy beans and lentils) |
Metabolic syndrome |
Randomized Controlled Trial |
Reduced risk factors of the Metabolic syndrome |
Mollard et al. (2012 Mollard, R. C., Luhovyy, B. L., Panahi, S., Nunez, M., Hanley, A., & Anderson, G. H. (2012). Regular consumption of pulses for 8 weeks reduces metabolic syndrome risk factors in overweight and obese adults. British Journal of Nutrition, 108(S1, Suppl 1), S111-S122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114512000712. PMid:22916807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S000711451200...
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Beans with low-GI diet |
Glycaemia and obesity |
randomized, crossover study |
Improvement in metabolic control in type 2 obese diabetic patients and weight loss |
Jimenez-Cruz et al. (2003 Jimenez-Cruz, A., Bacardi-Gascon, M., Turnbull, W. H., Rosales-Garay, P., & Severino-Lugo, I. (2003). A flexible, low-glycemic index Mexican-style diet in overweight and obese subjects with type 2 diabetes improves metabolic parameters during a 6-week treatment period. Diabetes Care, 26(7), 1967-1970. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.26.7.1967. PMid:12832297. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.26.7....
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Azuki bean juice |
Hypertriglyceridemia |
Randomized double-blind parallel-group trial |
Reduction in triglyceride by suppression of lipase inhibitory activity |
Maruyama et al. (2008 Maruyama, C., Araki, R., Kawamura, M., Kondo, N., Kigawa, M., Kawai, Y., Takanami, Y., Miyashita, K., & Shimomitsu, T. (2008). Azuki bean juice lowers serum triglyceride concentrations in healthy young women. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition , 43(1), 19-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3164/jcbn.2008039. PMid:18648655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3164/jcbn.2008039 ...
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Legume seed extracts |
Colon cancer |
Test-tube Lab Research |
Inhibition of MMP-9 activity and cell migration in colon carcinoma cells. |
Lima et al. (2016 Lima, A. I. G., Mota, J., Monteiro, S. A. V. S., & Ferreira, R. M. S. B. (2016). Legume seeds and colorectal cancer revisited: Protease inhibitors reduce MMP-9 activity and colon cancer cell migration. Food Chemistry, 197(Pt A), 30-38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.10.063. PMid:26616921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.20...
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Raw or cooked- bean extracts |
Colon cancer |
Animal Research Studies |
Inhibition of aberrant foci crypt development in rat colon |
Feregrino-Perez et al. (2008 Feregrino-Perez, A. A., Berumen, L. C., Garcia-Alcocer, G., Guevara-Gonzalez, R. G., Ramos-Gomez, M., Reynoso-Camacho, R., Acosta-Gallegos, J. A., & Loarca-Pina, G. (2008). Composition and chemopreventive effect of polysaccharides from common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on azoxymethane-induced colon cancer. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56(18), 8737-8744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf8007162. PMid:18754663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf8007162 ...
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Lunasin peptides isolated from soybean |
Colon cancer |
Test-tube Lab Research |
Lunasin caused a G2/M cell cycle arrest on HT-29 colon cancer cells |
Caccialupi et al. (2010 Caccialupi, P., Ceci, L. R., Siciliano, R. A., Pignone, D., Clemente, A., & Sonnante, G. (2010). Bowman-birk inhibitors in lentil: Heterologous expression, functional characterisation and anti-proliferative properties in human colon cancer cells. Food Chemistry , 120(4), 1058-1066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.11.051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.20...
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Protein isolates of germinated soybean |
Cervical cancer |
Animal Research Studies |
Decreased in the expression of PTTG1 and TOP2A (2 genes considered as therapeutic targets) causing apoptosis of cancer cells. |
Robles-Ramírez et al. (2012 Robles-Ramírez, M. C., Ramón-Gallegos, E., Reyes-Duarte, F. J., & Mora-Escobedo, R. (2012). Effect of germinated soy protein on the growth of HeLa cervical cancer cells in female athymic mice. Nutrition and Cancer, 64(8), 1261-1268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2012.717681. PMid:23163854. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2012...
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Soybean soyasaponin I |
Skin cancer |
Animal Research Studies |
Decreased in the expression of α-2,3-linked sialic acid on the cell surface, which in turn suppresses the metastatic potential of melanoma cells |
Chang et al. (2006 Chang, W. W., Yu, C. Y., Lin, T. W., Wang, P. H., & Tsai, Y. C. (2006). Soyasaponin I decreases the expression of alpha2,3-linked sialic acid on the cell surface and suppresses the metastatic potential of B16F10 melanoma cells. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications , 341(2), 614-619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.12.216. PMid:16427612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.1...
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Lunasin peptides isolated from soybean |
Skin cancer |
Test-tube Lab Research |
Chemopreventive agent |
Galvez et al. (2001 Galvez, A. F., Chen, N., Macasieb, J., & Lumen, B. O. (2001). Chemopreventive property of a soybean peptide (lunasin) that binds to deacetylated histones and inhibits acetylation. Cancer Research, 61(20), 7473-7478. PMid:11606382. ) |
Brown Kidney Bean Bowman–Birk Trypsin Inhibitor |
Breast cancer |
Test-tube Lab Research |
Inhibition of the proliferation of human breast cancer cells |
Chan et al. (2013 Chan, Y. S., Zhang, Y. B., & Ng, T. B. (2013). Brown kidney bean bowman-birk trypsin inhibitor is heat and ph stable and exhibits anti-proliferative activity. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 169(4), 1306-1314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-012-9998-8. PMid:23306898. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-012-99...
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