Type of indication |
Taxa or ecological attributes considered as indicators |
Does it include taxa from other groups? |
Region |
Scale of indication |
Main goal? |
Empirical or revisive? |
Show statistical analyses? |
Reference |
F |
6 species of Equisetum
|
No |
England |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
No |
Brooks et al. (1981Brooks, R.R., Holzbecher, J. & Ryan, D.E. 1981. Horsetails (Equisetum) as indirect indicators of gold mineralization. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 16: 21-26.) |
A |
Pteridophytes |
Yes, monocotyledons |
Guiana |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
No |
Granville (1984Granville, J.J. 1984. Monocotyledons and pteridophytes indicators of environmental constraints in the tropical vegetation. Candollea 39: 265-269.) |
A |
50 genera |
No |
Indonesia |
Regional |
No |
Empirical |
No |
Johns (1985Johns, R.J. 1985. Altitudinal zonation of pteridophytes in Papuasia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Section B, Biological Sciences 86: 381-389.) |
F |
3 species |
Yes, some angiosperms |
Czech Republic |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Husák & Sládečková (1989Husák, S. V. & Sládečková, A. 1989. Freshwater macrophytes as indicators of organic pollution. Acta Hydrochimica et Hydrobiologica 17: 693-697.) |
A |
24 species |
Yes, some angiosperms |
British Columbia |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Klinka et al. (1989Klinka, K., Krajina, V.J., Ceska, A. & Scagel, A.M. 1989. Indicator plants of coastal British Columbia. UBC Press, Vancouver, pp. 287.) |
A |
12 species |
No |
Peruvian Amazon |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Young & León (1989Young, K.R. & Léon, B. 1989. Pteridophytes species in the central Peruvian Amazon: Importance of edaphic specialization. Brittonia 41: 388-395.) |
G |
Fossil spores |
Yes, angiosperm pollen and bryophyte spores |
Antarctica |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
No |
Smith (1991Smith, R.I.L. 1991. Exotic sporomorpha as indicators of potential immigrant colonists in Antarctica. Grana 30: 313-324.) |
A |
8 species |
Yes, Melastomataceae |
Peruvian Amazon |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Tuomisto & Ruokolainen (1993Tuomisto, H. & Ruokolainen, K. 1993. Distribution of Pteridophyta and Melastomataceae along an edaphic gradient in an Amazonian rain forest. Journal of Vegetation Science 5: 25-34.) |
A |
Pteridophytes |
No |
Rwanda |
Regional |
No |
Empirical |
Yes |
Dzwonko & Kornas (1994Dzwonko, Z. & Kornas, J. 1994. Patterns of species richness and distribution of pteridophytes in Rwanda (Central Africa): a numerical approach. Journal of Biogeography 21: 491-501.
|
A |
19 species |
No |
New Zealand |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Norton (1994Norton, D. 1994. Relationships between pteridophytes and topography in a lowland south westland podocarp forest. New Zealand Journal of Botany 32: 401-408.) |
G |
Pteridophytes |
Yes, birds and butterflies |
England and Ireland |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Williams & Gaston (1994Williams, P.H. & Gaston, K.J. 1994. Measuring more of biodiversity: Can higher-taxon richness predict wholesale species richness? Biological Conservation 67: 211-217.)* |
A |
Pteridophytes |
Yes, Melastomataceae |
Peruvian Amazon |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Tuomisto et al. (1995Tuomisto, H., Ruokolainen, K., Kalliola, R., Linna, A., Danjoy, W. & Rodriguez, Z. 1995. Dissecting amazonian biodiversity. Science 269: 63-66.)* |
A |
10 genera |
No |
Amazon (Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, and Peru) |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Tuomisto & Poulsen (1996Tuomisto, H. & Poulsen, A.D. 1996. Influence of edaphic specialization on pteridophyte distribution in neotropical rain forests. Journal of Biogeography 23: 283-293.) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Type of indication |
Taxa or ecological attributes considered as indicators |
Does it include taxa from other groups? |
Region |
Scale of indication |
Main goal? |
Empirical or revisive? |
Show statistical analyses? |
Reference |
D |
Pteridophytes |
No |
Scotland |
Regional |
Yes |
Revisive |
No |
Page (1997Page, C. 1997. Pteridophytes as field indicators of natural biodiversity restoration in the Scottish flora. Botanical Journal of Scotland 49: 37-41.)* |
A |
Pteridophytes |
Yes, Melastomataceae |
Peruvian Amazon |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Ruokolainen et al. (1997Ruokolainen, K., Linna, A. & Tuomisto, H. 1997. Use of Melastomataceae and pteridophytes for revealing phytogeographical patterns in Amazonian rain forest. Journal of Tropical Ecology 13: 243-256.)* |
A |
Fossil spores |
Yes, algae, fungi, and angiosperm pollen |
United States |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Eisner & Peterson (1998Eisner, W.R. & Peterson, K.M. 1998. Pollen, fungi and algae as age indicators of drained lake basins near Barrow, Alaska. The 7th International Permafrost Conference 55: 245-250.) |
A |
21 species |
Yes, Melastomataceae |
Amazon Peruvian |
Regional |
Yes |
Revisive |
- |
Tuomisto & Ruokolainen (1998Tuomisto, H. & Ruokolainen, K. 1998. Uso de especies indicadoras para determinar características del bosque y de la tierra. In: R. Kalliola & S.F. Paitán (eds.). Geoecología y desarrollo amazónico. Estudio integrado en la zona de Iquitos, Perú. Turun Yliopisto, Turku. pp. 81-491.) |
A |
Many species of Adiantum
|
No |
Ecuadorian and Peruvian Amazon |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Tuomisto et al. (1998Tuomisto, H. & Ruokolainen, K. 1998. Uso de especies indicadoras para determinar características del bosque y de la tierra. In: R. Kalliola & S.F. Paitán (eds.). Geoecología y desarrollo amazónico. Estudio integrado en la zona de Iquitos, Perú. Turun Yliopisto, Turku. pp. 81-491.) |
A |
Pteridophytes |
Yes, some angiosperms |
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Caribbean, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guyana, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, and Venezuela |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Kessler et al. (1999Kessler, M. & Bach, K. 1999. Using indicator families for vegetation classification in species-rich Neotropical forests. Phytocoenologia 29: 485-502.) |
G |
Pteridophytes |
No |
Catalonia (Spain) and Andorra |
Regional |
No |
Revisive |
- |
Pausas & Sáez (2000Pausas, J.G. & Sáez, L. 2000. Pteridophyte richness in the NE Iberian Peninsula: Biogeographic patterns. Plant Ecology 148: 195-205.) |
G |
Fern fóssil |
No |
England |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
No |
Poole & Page (2000Poole, I. & Page, C.N. 2000. A fossil fern indicator of epiphytism in a Tertiary flora. New Phytologist 148: 117-125.) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Type of indication |
Taxa or ecological attributes considered as indicators |
Does it include taxa from other groups? |
Region |
Scale of indication |
Main goal? |
Empirical or revisive? |
Show statistical analyses? |
Reference |
A |
Pteridophytes |
No |
Canada |
Regional |
No |
Empirical |
Yes |
Richard et al. (2000Richard, M., Bernhardt, T. & Bell, G. 2000. Environmental heterogeneity and the spatial structure of fern species diversity in one hectare of old-growth forest. Ecography 23: 231-245.) |
A |
15 species |
No |
Ecuadorian and Peruvian Amazon |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Tuomisto & Poulsen (2000Tuomisto, H. & Poulsen, A.D. 2000. Pteridophyte diversity and species composition in four Amazonian rain forests. Journal of Vegetation Science 11: 383-396.) |
A |
Pteridophytes |
Yes, Melastomataceae and palms |
Peruvian Amazon |
Regional |
No |
Empirical |
Yes |
Vormisto et al. (2000Vormisto, J., Phillips, O.L., Ruokolainen, K., Tuomisto, H. & Vasquez, R. 2000. A comparison of fine-scale distribution patterns of four plant groups in an Amazonian rainforest. Ecography 23: 349-359.) |
A |
Pteridophytes |
No |
Bolivia |
Regional |
No |
Empirical |
Yes |
Kessler (2001Kessler, M. 2001. Pteridophyte species richness in andean forests in Bolivia. Biodiversity and Conservation 10: 1473-1495.)* |
G |
6 species |
No |
Belgium |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Dumortier et al. (2002Dumortier, M., Butaye, J., Jacquemyn, H., Van Camp, N., Lust, N. & Hermy, M. 2002. Predicting vascular plant species richness of fragmented forests in agricultural landscapes in central Belgium. Forest Ecology and Management 158: 85-102.)* |
A |
28 species |
No |
Tanzania |
Regional |
No |
Empirical |
Yes |
Hemp (2002Hemp, A. 2002. Ecology of the pteridophytes on the southern slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro. I. Altitudinal distribution. Plant Ecology 159: 211-239.) |
G |
62 species |
No |
New Zealand |
Regional |
No |
Empirical |
Yes |
Lehmann et al. (2002Lehmann, A., Leathwick, J.R. & Overton, J.M.C. 2002. Assessing New Zealand fern diversity from spatial predictions of species assemblages. Biodiversity and Conservation 11: 2217-2238.)* |
A |
Fossils |
No |
- |
- |
No |
Revisive |
- |
Page (2002Page, C.N. 2002. Ecological strategies in fern evolution: a neopteridological overview. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 119: 1-33.) |
A |
Pteridophytes |
Yes, Melastomataceae |
Ecuadorian Amazon |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Tuomisto et al. (2002Tuomisto, H., Ruokolainen, K., Poulsen, A.D., Moran, R.C., Quintana, C., Canas, G. & Celi, J. 2002. Distribution and diversity of pteridophytes and Melastomataceae along edaphic gradients in Yasuni National Park, Ecuadorian Amazonia. Biotropica 34: 516-533.) |
C |
Cyathea
capensis
|
Yes, some angiosperms |
South Africa |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Watson & Cameron (2002Watson, L.H. & Cameron, M.J. 2002. Forest tree and fern species as indicators of an unnatural fire event in a southern Cape mountain forest. South African Journal of Botany 68: 357-361.)* |
B |
Asplenium nidus
|
No |
Tanzania |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Andama et al. (2003Andama, E.E., Michira, M.C. & Luilo, G.B. 2003. Studies on epiphytic ferns as potential indicators of forest disturbances. Paper submitted to the XII World Forest Congress, Québec City, Canada. Available at http://www.fao.org/docrep/ARTICLE/WFC/XII/0129-B1.HTM (access in 23-V-2017). http://www.fao.org/docrep/ARTICLE/WFC/XI...
) |
A |
Pteridophytes |
Yes, some palms, Melastomataceae, and animals |
Peruvian Amazon |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Gamarra et al. (2003Gamarra, G.G.R., De La Cruz, A.A., Martínez, N.L., Ríos, S.T., Gonzáles, C.R., Salazar, E.Z., Vargas, V.H.P., Soini, P., Ruokolainen, K. J. J. & Cárdenas, R. 2003. Comparaciones florísticas y faunísticas entre diferentes lugares de bosques de tierra firme en la selva baja de la Amazonía Peruana. Folia Amazónica 14: 35-72.) |
E |
Fossil spores |
Yes, angiosperm pollen |
Ecuador |
Global |
Yes |
Empirical |
No |
Hansen et al. (2003Hansen, B.C.S., Rodbell, D.T., Seltzer, G.O., León, B., Young, K.R. & Abbott, M. 2003. Late-glacial and Holocene vegetational history from two sites in the western Cordillera of southwestern Ecuador. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 194: 79-108.) |
B |
5 genera |
No |
Brazil |
Regional |
No |
Revisive |
- |
Lopes (2003Lopes, M.S. 2003. Florística, aspectos ecológicos e distribuição altitudinal das pteridófitas em remanescente de floresta atlântica no estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife.) |
A |
Dryopteris carthusiana and Equisetum sylvaticum
|
Yes, angiosperms |
Canada |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Szwaluk & Strong (2003Szwaluk, K.S. & Strong, W.L. 2003. Near-surface soil characteristics and understory plants as predictors of Pinus contorta site index in southwestern Alberta, Canada. Forest Ecology and Management 176: 13-24.) |
A |
Pteridophytes |
Yes, Melastomataceae |
Amazon (Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru) |
Regional |
No |
Empirical |
Yes |
Tuomisto et al. (2003Tuomisto, H., Ruokolainen, K., Aguilar, M. & Sarmiento, A. 2003. Floristic patterns along a 43 km long transect in an Amazonian rain forest. Journal of Ecology 91: 743-756.) |
A |
Pteridophytes |
No |
India |
Regional |
No |
Empirical |
Yes |
Benniamin (2004Benniamin, A. 2004. Fern diversity of Western Ghats of India. Manonmaniam Sundaranar University.)* |
B |
Richness of pteridophytes |
No |
Sumatra |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Beukema & Noordwijk (2004Beukema, H. & Van Noordwijk, M. 2004. Terrestrial pteridophytes as indicators of a forest-like environment in rubber production systems in the lowlands of Jambi, Sumatra. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 104: 63-73.)* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Type of indication |
Taxa or ecological attributes considered as indicators |
Does it include taxa from other groups? |
Region |
Scale of indication |
Main goal? |
Empirical or revisive? |
Show statistical analyses? |
Reference |
B |
Pteridophytes |
Yes, some angiosperm epiphytes |
India |
Regional |
No |
Empirical |
Yes |
Padmawathe et al. (2004Padmawathe, R., Qureshi, Q. & Rawat, G.S. 2004. Effects of selective logging on vascular epiphyte diversity in a moist lowland forest of Eastern Himalaya, India. Biological Conservation 119: 81-92.)* |
A |
37 species |
No |
Peruvian Amazon |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Salovaara et al. (2004Salovaara, K.J., Cárdenas, G.G. & Tuomisto, H. 2004. Forest classification in an Amazonian rainforest landscape using pteridophytes as indicator species. Ecography 27: 689-700.) |
A |
15 species |
No |
Philippines |
Regional |
No |
Empirical |
Yes |
Banaticla & Buot Jr (2005Banaticla, M.C.N. & Buot Jr., I.E. 2005. Altitudinal zonation of pteridophytes on Mt. Banahaw de Lucban, Luzon Island, Philippines. Plant Ecology 180: 135-151.)* |
A |
10 species |
Yes, angiosperms |
United States |
Regional |
No |
Empirical |
Yes |
Bellemare et al. (2005Bellemare, J., Motzkin, G. & Foster, D.R. 2005. Rich mesic forests: Edaphic and physiographic drivers of community variation in western Massachusetts. Rhodora 107: 239-283.)* |
G |
6 species |
Yes, Melastomataceae |
Colombian Amazon |
Regional |
No |
Empirical |
Yes |
Duque et al. (2005Duque, A.J., Duivenvoorden, J.F., Cavelier, J., Sánchez, M., Polanía, C. & León, A. 2005. Ferns and Melastomataceae as indicators of vascular plant composition in rain forests of Colombian Amazonia. Plant Ecology 178: 1-13.) |
A |
26 species |
No |
Canada |
Regional |
No |
Empirical |
Yes |
Karst et al. (2005Karst, J., Gilbert, B. & Lechowicz, M.J. 2005. Fern community assembly: The roles of chance and the environment at local and intermediate scales. Ecology 86: 2473-2486.) |
C |
Fossil spores of Lycopodium and Polypodium
|
Yes, angiosperm pollen |
Tanzania and Burundi |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
No |
Msaky et al. (2005Msaky, E.S., Livingstone, D. & Davis, O.K. 2005. Paleolimnological investigations of anthropogenic environmental change in Lake Tanganyika: V. Palynological evidence for deforestation and increased erosion. Journal of Paleolimnology 34: 73-83.) |
B and D |
5 species |
No |
Brazil |
Regional |
No |
Empirical |
Yes |
Paciencia & Prado (2005Paciencia, M.L.B. & Prado, J. 2005. Distribuição espacial da assembléia de pteridófitas em uma paisagem fragmentada de Mata Atlântica no sul da Bahia, Brasil. Hoehnea 32: 103-117.)* |
C |
3 species |
No |
Thailand |
Regional |
No |
Empirical |
Yes |
Sathapattayanon & Boonkerd (2005Sathapattayanon, A. & Boonkerd, T. 2005. Pteridophyte diversity along a gradient of disturbance within and near abandoned opencast mines in Thong Pha Phum district, Kanchanaburi province, Thailand. Fern Gazette 17: 179.) |
G |
Pteridophytes |
Yes, some angiosperm trees |
Mexico |
Regional |
No |
Empirical |
Yes |
Williams-Linera et al. (2005Williams-Linera, G., Palacios-Rios, M. & Hernández-Gómez, R. 2005. Fern richness, tree species surrogacy, and fragment complementarity in a Mexican tropical montane cloud forest. Biodiversity and Conservation 14: 119-133.)* |
A |
Thelypteris opposita and Adiantum petiolatum
|
Yes, some angiosperms and bryophytes |
Brazil |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
No |
Daly et al. (2006Daly, D.C., Costa, D.P. & Melo, A.W.F. 2006. The “salão” vegetation of Southwestern Amazonia. Biodiversity and Conservation 15: 2905-2923.)* |
A |
8 species |
Yes, some angiosperms |
United States |
Regional |
No |
Empirical |
Yes |
Goebel et al. (2006Goebel, P.C., Pregitzer, K.S. & Palik, B.J. 2006. Landscape hierarchies influence riparian ground-flora communities in Wisconsin, USA. Forest Ecology and Management 230: 43-54.)* |
A |
35 species |
No |
Canada and United States |
Regional |
No |
Revisive |
No |
Goforth (2006Goforth, T. 2006. Crow dog native ferns and gardens. Available at http://www.crowdognativeferns.com/ (access in 23-V-2017). http://www.crowdognativeferns.com...
) |
F |
Azolla
|
Yes, some angiosperms |
Spain |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Moreno et al. (2006Moreno, J.L., Navarro, C. & Heras, J. 2006. Propuesta de un índice de vegetación acuática (IVAM) para la evaluación del estado trófico de los ríos de Castilla-La Mancha: comparación con otros índices bióticos. Limnetica 25: 821-838.) |
A |
12 species |
No |
Peruvian Amazon |
Regional |
No |
Empirical |
Yes |
Cárdenas et al. (2007Cárdenas, G.G., Halme, K.J. & Tuomisto, H. 2007. Riqueza y distribución ecológica de especies de pteridofitas en la zona del río Yavarí-Mirím, Amazonia Peruana. Biotropica 39: 637-646.) |
A |
Pteridophytes |
Yes, some palms and Melastomataceae |
Peruvian Amazon |
Regional |
No |
Empirical |
No |
Halme & Bodmer (2007Halme, K.J. & Bodmer, R.E. 2007. Correspondence between scientific and traditional ecological knowledge: Rain forest classification by the non-indigenous riberenos in Peruvian Amazonia. Biodiversity and Conservation 16: 1785-1801.)* |
A |
Pteridophytes |
Yes, some angiosperm trees and Melastomataceae |
Ecuadorian and Peruvian Amazon |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Ruokolainen et al. (2007Ruokolainen, K., Tuomisto, H., Macía, M.J., Higgins, M.A. & Yli-Halla, M. 2007. Are floristic and edaphic patterns in Amazonian rain forests congruent for trees, pteridophytes and Melastomataceae? Journal of Tropical Ecology 23: 13-25.) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Type of indication |
Taxa or ecological attributes considered as indicators |
Does it include taxa from other groups? |
Region |
Scale of indication |
Main goal? |
Empirical or revisive? |
Show statistical analyses? |
Reference |
A |
Fossil spores of 5 species |
Yes, angiosperm pollen |
Greenland |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Schofield et al. (2007Schofield, J.E., Edwards, K.J. & McMullen, J.A. 2007. Modern pollen-vegetation relationships in subarctic southern Greenland and the interpretation of fossil pollen data from the Norse landnám. Journal of Biogeography 34: 473-488.) |
A |
70 species |
No |
Thailand |
Regional |
No |
Empirical |
No |
Khwaiphan & Boonkerd (2008Khwaiphan, W. & Boonkerd, T. 2008. The pteridophyte flora of Khao Khiao, Khao Yai National Park, Thailand. Natural History Journal of Chulalongkorn University 8: 69-82.) |
B and C |
Pteridophytes |
Yes, some angiosperms |
Europe |
Regional |
No |
Empirical |
Yes |
Liira et al. (2008Liira, J., Schmidt, T., Aavik, T., Arens, P., Augenstein, I., Bailey, D., Billeter, R., Bukáček, R., Burel, F., De Blust, G., De Cock, R., Dirksen, J., Edwards, P.J., Hamerský, R., Herzog, F., Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Le Coeur, D., Miklová, P., Roubalova, M., Schweiger, O., Smulders, M.J.M., van Wingerden, W.K.R.E., Bugter, R. & Zobel, M. 2008. Plant functional group composition and large-scale species richness in European agricultural landscapes. Journal of Vegetation Science 19: 3-14.)* |
B and D |
9 species |
No |
Mexico |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Romero et al. (2008Romero, L.R., Pacheco, L. & Zavala Hurtado, J.A. 2008. Pteridofitas indicadoras de alteración ambiental en el bosque templado de San Jerónimo Amanalco, Texcoco, México. Revista de Biología Tropical 56: 641-656.) |
C |
Thelypteris dentata and Pleopeltis angusta
|
Yes, some angiosperms and animals |
Mexico |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Tejeda-Cruz et al. (2008Tejeda-Cruz, C., Mehltreter, K. & Sosa, V.J. 2008. Indicadores ecológicos multi-taxonómicos. In: R.H. Manson, V. Hernández-Ortiz, S. Gallina & K. Mehltreter (eds.). Agroecosistemas cafetaleros de Veracruz. Biodiversidad, manejo y conservación. Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, & Instituto Nacional de Ecología, México, pp. 271-278.) |
F |
8 species |
No |
South Korea |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Chang et al. (2009Chang, J.S., Yoon, I.H. & Kim, K.W. 2009. Heavy metal and arsenic accumulating fern species as potential ecological indicators in As-contaminated abandoned mines. Ecological Indicators 9: 1275-1279.)* |
A |
The genus Adiantum
|
No |
- |
- |
Yes |
Revisive |
No |
Snyder (2009Snyder, M. 2009. What are Indicator Plants? Available at http://northernwoodlands.org/articles/article/what_are_indicator_plants (access in 23-V-2017). http://northernwoodlands.org/articles/ar...
) |
A |
Spores of 4 species |
Yes, angiosperm pollen |
Morocco |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Amami et al. (2010Amami, B., Muller, S.D., Rhazi, L., Grillas, P., Rhazi, M. & Bouahim, S. 2010. Modern pollen-vegetation relationships within a small mediterranean temporary pool (western Morocco). Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 162: 213-225.) |
E |
Athyrium distentifolium
|
Yes, some angiosperms |
Germany |
Global |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Bässler et al. (2010Bässler, C., Müller, J., Hothorn, T., Kneib, T., Badeck, F. & Dziock, F. 2010. Estimation of the extinction risk for high-montane species as a consequence of global warming and assessment of their suitability as cross-taxon indicators. Ecological Indicators 10: 341-352.)* |
E |
Pteridophytes |
Yes, some angiosperms |
United States |
Global |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Brady et al. (2010Brady, T.J., Monleon, V.J. & Gray, A.N. 2010. Calibrating vascular plant abundance for detecting future climate changes in Oregon and Washington, USA. Ecological Indicators 10: 657-667.)* |
F and G |
Azolla filiculoides
|
Yes, some angiosperms |
Italy |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Ceschin et al. (2010Ceschin, S., Zuccarello, V. & Caneva, G. 2010. Role of macrophyte communities as bioindicators of water quality: Application on the Tiber river basin (Italy). Plant Biosystems 144: 528-536.) |
B |
Pteridophytes |
Yes, some angiosperms |
Indonesia |
Regional |
No |
Empirical |
Yes |
Cicuzza et al. (2010Cicuzza, D., Kessler, M., Pitopang, R., Sri, S. & Gradstein, S.R. 2010. Terrestrial herb communities of tropical submontane and tropical montane forests in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. In: T. Tscharntke, C. Leuschner, E. Veldkamp, H. Faust, E. Guhardja & A. Bidin (eds.). Tropical Rainforests and Agroforests under Global Change, Springer-Verlag, Berlin. pp. 377-390.) |
B |
4 species |
Yes, some angiosperms |
United States |
Regional |
No |
Empirical |
Yes |
Ellum et al. (2010Ellum, D.S., Ashton, M.S. & Siccama, T.G. 2010. Spatial pattern in herb diversity and abundance of second growth mixed deciduous-evergreen forest of southern New England, USA. Forest Ecology and Management 259: 1416-1426.)* |
G |
Pteridophytes |
Yes, bryophytes, angiosperms, ants, bees, birds, and mammals |
Brazil |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Leal et al. (2010Leal, I.R., Bieber, A.G.D., Tabarelli, M. & Andersen, A.N. 2010. Biodiversity surrogacy: Indicator taxa as predictors of total species richness in Brazilian Atlantic forest and Caatinga. Biodiversity and Conservation 19: 3347-3360.)* |
A |
The families Dennstaedtiaceae and Gleicheniaceae |
Yes, some angiosperms |
Brazil |
Regional |
No |
Empirical |
Yes |
Loschi et al. (2010Loschi, R.A., Aldo, J., Pereira, A., Luiz, E. & Machado, M. 2010. Variações florísticas e estruturais de uma voçoroca em Itumirim, Minas Gerais. Cerne 16: 479-498.) |
A |
Elaphoglossum styriacum
|
Yes, some angiosperm epiphytes |
Brazil |
Regional |
No |
Empirical |
Yes |
Pos & Sleegers (2010Pos, E.T. & Sleegers, A.D.M. 2010. Vertical distribution and ecology of vascular epiphytes in a lowland tropical rain forest of Brazil. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi 5: 335-344.) |
A |
Pteridophytes |
No |
- |
- |
No |
Revisive |
- |
Richardson & Walker (2010Richardson, S.J. & Walker, L.R. 2010. Nutrient ecology of ferns. In: K. Mehltreter, L.R. Walker & J.M. Sharpe (eds.). Fern ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 111-133.) |
A |
Pteridophytes |
No |
Mexico |
Regional |
No |
Empirical |
Yes |
Sánchez-González et al. (2010Sánchez-González, A., Zúñiga, E.A. & Tejero-Díez, D. 2010. Richness and distribution patterns of ferns and lycopods in Los Mármoles National Park, Hidalgo, Mexico. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 137: 373-379.) |
A |
Pteridophytes |
Yes, Melastomataceae |
Amazon (Brazil, Colombia, and Peru) |
Regional |
No |
Empirical |
Yes |
Higgins et al. (2011Higgins, M.A., Ruokolainen, K., Tuomisto, H., Llerena, N., Cardenas, G., Phillips, O.L., Vásquez, R. & Räsänen, M. 2011. Geological control of floristic composition in Amazonian forests. Journal of Biogeography 38: 2136-2149.)* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Type of indication |
Taxa or ecological attributes considered as indicators |
Does it include taxa from other groups? |
Region |
Scale of indication |
Main goal? |
Empirical or revisive? |
Show statistical analyses? |
Reference |
A |
12 species |
No |
Brazil |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Nóbrega et al. (2011Nóbrega, G.A., Eisenlohr, P. V., Paciencia, M.L.B., Prado, J. & Aidar, M.P.M. 2011. A composição florística e a diversidade de pteridófitas diferem entre a floresta de restinga e a floresta ombrófila densa das terras baixas do Núcleo Picinguaba/PESM, Ubatuba/SP? Biota Neotropica 11: 153-164.) |
F |
Athyrium filix-femina
|
No |
Poland |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Samecka-Cymerman et al. (2011Samecka-Cymerman, A., Kolon, K., Stankiewicz, A., Kaszewska, J., Mróz, L. & Kempers, A.J. 2011. Rhizomes and fronds of Athyrium filix-femina as possible bioindicators of chemical elements from soils over different parent materials in southwest Poland. Ecological Indicators 11: 1105-1111.) |
E |
Platycerium wallichii
|
Yes, some angiosperms |
India |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
No |
Singh (2011Singh, H.B. 2011. Plants associated in forecasting and beliefs within the Meitei community of Manipur, Northeast India. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge 10: 190-193.) |
B and D |
5 species |
No |
Venezuela |
Regional |
Yes |
Revisive |
No |
Gassner et al. (2012Gassner, P., Mostacero, J. & Weiss, M. 2012. Establishing suitable bio-indicators for cloud forest management. Available at http://www.biodiversityscience.com/2012/09/26/bioindicators-cloud-forest-management/ (access in 23-V-2017). http://www.biodiversityscience.com/2012/...
) |
A and B |
The family Hymenophyllaceae |
No |
French Guiana |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Gehrig-Downie et al. (2012Gehrig-Downie, C., Marquardt, J., Obregón, A., Bendix, J. & Gradstein, S.R. 2012. Diversity and vertical distribution of filmy ferns as a tool for identifying the novel forest type “tropical lowland cloud forest”. Ecotropica 18: 35-44.) |
A |
12 species |
Yes, some monocotyledons and gymnosperms |
Italy |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Guarino et al. (2012Guarino, R., Domina, G. & Pignatti, S. 2012. Ellenberg’s indicator values for the flora of Italy - first update: Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae and Monocotyledoneae. Flora Mediterranea 22: 197-209.) |
C |
8 species |
No |
Madagascar |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Reeb et al. (2012Reeb, C., Ranarijaona, H.L. & Dubuisson, J.Y. 2012. Ecological survey of the lycophytes and ferns of the Vohimana Reserve, Madagascar. Scripta Botanica Belgica 50: 73-81.) |
F |
Pteridophytes |
Yes, bryophytes |
Brazil |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Repula et al. (2012Repula, C.M.M., Quináia, S.P., De Campos, B.K., Ganzarolli, E.M. & Lopes, M.C. 2012. Accumulation of chromium and lead in bryophytes and pteridophytes in a stream affected by tannery waste water. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 88: 84-88.) |
F |
Salvinia auriculata
|
No |
Brazil |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Wolff et al. (2012Wolff, G., Pereira, G.C., Castro, E.M., Louzada, J. & Coelho, F.F. 2012. The use of Salvinia auriculata as a bioindicator in aquatic ecosystems: biomass and structure dependent on the cadmium concentration. Brazilian Journal of Biology 72: 71-77.) |
A |
Fossils of arborescent ferns, sphenoids, and lycophytes |
Yes, gymnosperm fossils |
Brazil |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
No |
Capretz & Rohn (2013Capretz, R.L. & Rohn, R. 2013. Lower Permian stems as fluvial paleocurrent indicators of the Parnaíba Basin, northern Brazil. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 45: 69-82.) |
A |
Spores |
Yes, some angiosperms |
India |
Regional |
No |
Empirical |
Yes |
Das et al. (2013Das, S., Ghosh, R. & Bera, S. 2013. Application of non-grass phytoliths in reconstructing deltaic environments: A study from the Indian Sunderbans. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 376: 48-65.) |
A |
77 species |
No |
Mexico |
Regional |
No |
Empirical |
Yes |
Hernández et al. (2013Hernández, A.L.C., Sánchez-González, A. & Tejero-Díez, J. 2013. Pteridophytes of a semiarid natural protected area in Central Mexico. Natural Areas Journal 33: 177-188.) |
E |
3 species |
Yes, some tree and herbaceous angiosperms |
Japan |
Global |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Higa et al. (2013Higa, M., Nakao, K., Tsuyama, I., Nakazono, E., Yasuda, M., Matsui, T. & Tanaka, N. 2013. Indicator plant species selection for monitoring the impact of climate change based on prediction uncertainty. Ecological Indicators 29: 307-315.) |
F |
Equisetum telmateia
|
Yes, some aquatic macrophytes (angiosperms) |
Greece |
Regional |
No |
Empirical |
Yes |
Manolaki & Papastergiadou (2013Manolaki, P. & Papastergiadou, E. 2013. The impact of environmental factors on the distribution pattern of aquatic macrophytes in a middle-sized Mediterranean stream. Aquatic Botany 104: 34-46.) |
F |
Isoetes anatolica
|
No |
Turkey |
Regional |
No |
Empirical |
No |
Ozyigit et al. (2013Ozyigit, I.I., Dogan, I., Eskin, B., Keskin, M., Demir, G. & Yalcin, I.E. 2013. Mineral element uptake status of endemic Isoetes anatolica Prada & Rolleri populations from Bolu-Turkey. Pakistan Journal of Botany 45: 515-519.) |
D |
Pteridophytes |
Yes, some angiosperms |
Brazil |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Suganuma et al. (2013Suganuma, M.S., de Assis, G.B., de Melo, A.C.G. & Durigan, G. 2013. Ecossistemas de referência para restauração de matas ciliares: existem padrões de biodiversidade, estrutura florestal e atributos funcionais? Revista Árvore 37: 835-847.)* |
B and D |
9 species |
No |
Canada |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Bergeron & Pellerin (2014Bergeron, A. & Pellerin, S. 2014. Pteridophytes as indicators of urban forest integrity. Ecological Indicators 38: 40-49.) |
A |
Fossils of ferns |
Yes, bryophytes |
Nigeria |
Regional |
No |
Empirical |
No |
Bankole et al. (2014Bankole, S.I., Schrank, E. & Osterloff, P.L. 2014. Palynostratigraphy, palaeoclimates and palaeodepositional environments of the Miocene aged Agbada Formation in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Journal of African Earth Sciences 95: 41-62.) |
A |
Fossils of pteridophytes |
Yes, gymnosperm and angiosperm pollen |
China |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
No |
Chen et al. (2014Chen, B., Zheng, Z., Huang, K., Zheng, Y., Zhang, G., Zhang, Q. & Huang, X. 2014. Radionuclide dating of recent sediment and the validation of pollen-environment reconstruction in a small watershed reservoir in southeastern China. Catena 115: 29-38.) |
A |
Fossils of pteridophytes |
Yes, angiosperm pollen |
Brazilian Amazon |
Regional |
No |
Empirical |
Yes |
Guimarães et al. (2014Guimarães, J.T.F., Souza-Filho, P.W.M., Alves, R., de Souza, E.B., da Costa, F.R., Reis, L.S., Sahoo, P.K., Manes, C.L.O., Silva Júnior, R.O., Oti, D. & Dall’Agnol, R. 2014. Source and distribution of pollen and spores in surface sediments of a plateau lake in southeastern Amazonia. Quaternary International 352: 181-196.) |
E |
Ophioglossum vulgatum
|
No |
Russia |
Global |
No |
Empirical |
No |
Kosenkov & Mardashova (2014Kosenkov, A. & Mardashova, M. 2014. Distribution of adder’s tongue (Ophioglossum vulgatum L.) in the vicinity of the White Sea Biological Station of Moscow State University (Kandalaksha Gulf). 1st Student Workshop on Ecology and Optics of the White Sea. pp. 37-42.) |
C |
Richness of pteridophytes |
No |
Brazil |
Regional |
No |
Empirical |
Yes |
Mallmann & Schmitt (2014Mallmann, I.T. & Schmitt, J.L. 2014. Riqueza e composição florística da comunidade de samambaias na mata ciliar do rio Cadeia, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Ciência Florestal 24: 97-109.)* |
A |
37 species |
No |
Brazil |
Regional |
No |
Empirical |
Yes |
Nettesheim et al. (2014Nettesheim, F.C., Damasceno, E.R. & Sylvestre, L.S. 2014. Different slopes of a mountain can determine the structure of ferns and lycophytes communities in a tropical forest of Brazil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 86: 199-210.) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Type of indication |
Taxa or ecological attributes considered as indicators |
Does it include taxa from other groups? |
Region |
Scale of indication |
Main goal? |
Empirical or revisive? |
Show statistical analyses? |
Reference |
F |
Microgramma squamulosa
|
No |
Brazil |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
No |
Rocha et al. (2014Rocha, L.D., Costa, G.M., Gehlen, G., Droste, A. & Schmitt, J.L. 2014. Morphometric differences of Microgramma squamulosa (Kaulf.) de la Sota (Polypodiaceae) leaves in environments with distinct atmospheric air quality. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 86: 1137-1146.) |
B, C and D |
Lygodium volubile
|
No |
Brazil |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
No |
Travassos et al. (2014Travassos, C.C., Jardim, M.A.G. & Maciel, S. 2014. Florística e ecologia de samambaias e licófitas como indicadores de conservação ambiental. Biota Amazônia 4: 40-44.)* |
G |
Spores of pteridophytes |
Yes, angiosperm pollen |
Switzerland |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Trivellone et al. (2014Trivellone, V., Schoenenberger, N., Bellosi, B., Jermini, M., de Bello, F., Mitchell, E.A.D. & Moretti, M. 2014. Indicators for taxonomic and functional aspects of biodiversity in the vineyard agroecosystem of Southern Switzerland. Biological Conservation 170: 103-109.)* |
A |
73 species |
No |
Brazilian Amazon |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Zuquim et al. (2014Zuquim, G., Tuomisto, H., Jones, M.M., Prado, J., Figueiredo, F.O.G., Moulatlet, G.M., Costa, F.R.C., Quesada, C.A. & Emilio, T. 2014. Predicting environmental gradients with fern species composition in Brazilian Amazonia. Journal of Vegetation Science 25: 1195-1207.)* |
F |
The genus Asplenium
|
No |
Montenegro |
Global |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Bystriakova et al. (2015Bystriakova, N., Peregrym, M. & Dragicevic, S. 2015. Effect of environment on distributions of rock ferns in the Mediterranean climate: The case of the genus Asplenium in Montenegro. Flora 215: 84-91.) |
F |
Azolla filiculoides
|
Yes, some angiosperms |
Argentina |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Iriel et al. (2015Iriel, A., Dundas, G., Cirelli, A.F. & Lagorio, M.G. 2015. Effect of arsenic on reflectance spectra and chlorophyll fluorescence of aquatic plants. Chemosphere 119: 697-703.) |
C |
3 species |
Yes, some angiosperms |
Brazil |
Regional |
No |
Empirical |
Yes |
Lima et al. (2015Lima, P.B., Lima, L.F., Santos, B.A., Tabarelli, M. & Zickel, C.S. 2015. Altered herb assemblages in fragments of the Brazilian Atlantic forest. Biological Conservation 191: 588-595.)* |
C |
Pellaea ternifolia
|
No |
Mexico |
Regional |
No |
Empirical |
No |
Montelongo-Landeros et al. (2015Montelongo-Landeros, M., Alba-Avila, J.A., Romero-Méndez, U. & García-De la Peña, C. 2015. Pteridofitas de las sierras El Sarnoso y Mapimí en Durango, México. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 86: 448-456.)* |
E |
30 species |
No |
Malaysia |
Global |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Othman et al. (2015Othman, R., Mohd Latiff, N.H., Tukiman, I. & Hashim, K.S.H.Y. 2015. Effects of altitude and microclimate on the distribution ferns in and urban areas. Jurnal Teknologi 77: 125-131.) |
A |
Equisetum and Pteridium aquilinum
|
Yes, some angiosperms |
- |
- |
Yes |
Revisive |
No |
Ranieri (2015Ranieri, G. 2015. Ervas-daninhas não; plantas indicadoras! Available at http://revista.rebia.org.br/2016/89/868-ervas-daninhas-nao-plantas-indicadoras (access in 23-V-2017). http://revista.rebia.org.br/2016/89/868-...
) |
B and C |
32 species |
No |
Brazil |
Regional |
|
Empirical |
Yes |
Silva & Schmitt (2015Silva, V.L. & Schmitt, J.L. 2015. The effects of fragmentation on Araucaria forest: analysis of the fern and lycophyte communities at sites subject to different edge conditions. Acta Botanica Brasilica 29: 223-230.)* |
D |
Pteridophytes |
Yes, some angiosperms and animals |
Brazil |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Suganuma & Durigan (2015Suganuma, M.S. & Durigan, G. 2015. Indicators of restoration success in riparian tropical forests using multiple reference ecosystems. Restoration Ecology 23: 238-251.)* |
G |
Polystichum acrostichoides and Botrychium virginianum
|
Yes, some angiosperms |
United States |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Turner & McGraw (2015Turner, J.B. & McGraw, J.B. 2015. Can putative indicator species predict habitat quality for American ginseng? Ecological Indicators 57: 110-117.)* |
A |
Pteridophytes |
No |
Amazon (Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru) |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Zuquim (2015Zuquim, G. 2015. Ferns and lycophytes in Amazonia: Diversity patterns and usefulness as habitat indicators. University of Turku, Turku.)* |
C |
Pteridophytes |
Yes, some cyanobacteria, algae, liverworts, mosses and angiosperms |
Western Alps and central Apennines (Europe) |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Abati et al. (2016Abati, S., Minciardi, M.R., Ciadamidaro, S., Fattorini, S. & Ceschin, S. 2016. Response of macrophyte communities to flow regulation in mountain streams. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 188: 1-12.) |
B |
Abundance and diversity of pteridophytes |
No |
Malaysia |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Anthony et al. (2016Anthony, F., Majuakim, L. & Suleiman, M. 2016. Fern diversity in primary and secondary forests of Danum Valley and Ulu Segama forest complex, Lahad Datu, Sabah. Transactions on Science and Technology 3: 77-84.) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Type of indication |
Taxa or ecological attributes considered as indicators |
Does it include taxa from other groups? |
Region |
Scale of indication |
Main goal? |
Empirical or revisive? |
Show statistical analyses? |
Reference |
D |
Frequency and abundance of ferns |
Yes, some angiosperms |
Canada |
Regional |
No |
Empirical |
Yes |
Beauvais et al. (2016Beauvais, M.P., Pellerin, S. & Lavoie, C. 2016. Beta diversity declines while native plant species richness triples over 35 years in a suburban protected area. Biological Conservation 195: 73-81.) |
B |
The families Cyatheaceae and Dicksoniaceae |
Yes, some angiosperms |
Brazil |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Castello et al. (2016Castello, A.C.D., Coelho, S. & Cardoso-Leite, E. 2016. Lianas, tree ferns and understory species: indicators of conservation status in the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest remnants, southeastern Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology 77: 213-226.)* |
A, B, and C |
98 species |
No |
Brazil |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
No |
Della (2016Della, A.P. 2016. Pteridófitas como indicadores ecológicos: revisão geral e aplicações em Santa Catarina. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis.) |
C |
Pteridophytes |
Yes, some angiosperms |
Uganda |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Eycott et al. (2016Eycott, A.E., Esaete, J., Reinio, J., Telford, R.J. & Vandvik, V. 2016. Plant functional group responses in an African tropical forest recovering from disturbance. Plant Ecology & Diversity 9: 69-80.)* |
B |
14 species |
Yes, some angiosperms |
Brazil |
Regional |
No |
Revisive |
- |
Guislon et al. (2016Guislon, A. V., Ceron, K., Elias, G.A., Santos, R. & Citadini-Zanette, V. 2016. Estrutura da vegetação herbácea em paisagens ciliares no sul de Santa Catarina. Revista Ambiente e Água 11: 650-664.) |
C |
18 species |
No |
Brazil |
Regional |
No |
Empirical |
Yes |
Mallmann et al. (2016Mallmann, I.T., Silva, V.L. & Schmitt, J.L. 2016. Estrutura comunitária de samambaias em mata ciliar: avaliação em gradiente de antropização. Revista Ambiente e Água 11: 110-124.) |
A |
Frequency of Azolla filiculoides spores |
Yes, some angiosperms |
Brazil |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Medeanic et al. (2016Medeanic, S., Costa, C.S.B. & Diniz, D. 2016. Modern pollen-vegetation relationships in saltmarsh habitats along a salinity gradient of a fluvial estuary. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 233: 67-76.) |
A |
80 species |
No |
India |
Regional |
No |
Empirical |
No |
Patil et al. (2016Patil, S., Lavate, R., Rawat, V. & Dongare, M. 2016. Diversity and distribution of pteridophytes from Satara District, Maharashtra (India). Plant Science Today 3: 149-156.) |
E |
Richness and abundance of pteridophytes |
No |
French Polynesian |
Global |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Pouteau et al. (2016Pouteau, R., Meyer, J.Y., Blanchard, P., Nitta, J.H., Terorotua, M. & Taputuarai, R. 2016. Fern species richness and abundance are indicators of climate change on high-elevation islands: Evidence from an elevational gradient on Tahiti (French Polynesia). Climatic Change 138: 143-156.) |
A |
31 species |
No |
Brazil |
Regional |
No |
Empirical |
Yes |
Rocha-Uriartt et al. (2016Rocha-Uriartt, L., Becker, D.F.P., Graeff, V., Koch, N.M. & Schmitt, J.L. 2016. Functional patterns and species diversity of epiphytic vascular spore-producing plants in riparian forests with different vegetation structure from southern Brazil. Plant Ecology and Evolution 149: 261-271.) |
F |
Pyrrosia flocculosa
|
No |
India |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Sharma et al. (2016Sharma, A. & Uniyal, S.K. 2016. Heavy metal accumulation in Pyrrosia flocculosa (D. Don) Ching growing in sites located along a vehicular disturbance gradient. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 188: 547-559.) |
E |
Phytoliths of Dryopteris panda and Osmunda japonica
|
Yes, some angiosperms and gymnosperms |
China |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
No |
Traoré et al. (2016) |
A |
Pteridophytes |
Yes, some palms and Melastomataceae |
Brazilian Amazon |
Regional |
No |
Empirical |
Yes |
Tuomisto et al. (2016aTuomisto, H., Moulatlet, G.M., Balslev, H., Emilio, T., Figueiredo, F.O.G., Pedersen, D. & Ruokolainen, K. 2016a. A compositional turnover zone of biogeographical magnitude within lowland Amazonia. Journal of Biogeography 43: 2400-2411.) |
A |
Richness of pteridophytes |
Yes, some palms and Melastomataceae |
Colombian and Peruvian Amazon |
Regional |
No |
Empirical |
Yes |
Tuomisto et al. (2016bTuomisto, H., Ruokolainen, K., Vormisto, J., Duque, A., Sánchez, M., Paredes, V. V. & Lähteenoja, O. 2016b. Effect of sampling grain on patterns of species richness and turnover in Amazonian forests. Ecography 40: 840-852.) |
A and C |
32 species |
No |
Mexico |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Carvajal-Hernández et al. (2017Carvajal-Hernández, C.I., Krömer, T., López-Acosta, J.C., Gómez-Díaz, J.A. & Kessler, M. 2017. Conservation value of disturbed and secondary forests for ferns and lycophytes along an elevational gradient in Mexico. Applied Vegetation Science 20: 662-672.) |
F |
Microgramma squamulosa
|
Yes, mosses and lichens |
Brazil |
Regional |
No |
Revisive |
Yes |
Galhardi et al. (2017Galhardi, J.A., García-Tenorio, R., Díaz Francés, I., Bonotto, D.M. & Marcelli, M.P. 2017. Natural radionuclides in lichens, mosses and ferns in a thermal power plant and in an adjacent coal mine area in southern Brazil. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 167: 43-53.) |
A |
Equisetum hiemale
|
Yes, some angiosperms |
Pakistan |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Haq et al. (2017Haq, F., Ahmad, H., Iqbal, Z., Alam, M. & Aksoy, A. 2017. Multivariate approach to the classification and ordination of the forest ecosystem of Nandiar valley western Himalayas. Ecological Indicators 80: 232-241.)* |
B and C |
16 species |
No |
Brazil |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Silva et al. (2017Silva, V.L., Mallmann, I.T., Cunha, S. & Schmitt, J.L. 2017. Impacto do efeito de borda sobre a comunidade de samambaias epifíticas em floresta com araucária. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Ambientais 45: 19-32.) |
B |
7 species |
No |
Brazil |
Regional |
No |
Empirical |
No |
Graeff et al. (2018Graeff, V., Mottin, I.G., Rocha-Uriartt, L., Osório, D.M.M. & Schmitt, J.L. 2018. Assessment of a subtropical riparian forest focusing on botanical, meteorological, ecological characterization and chemical analysis of rainwater. Revista Ambiente & Água 13: e2140.) |
B and C |
51 species |
No |
Mexico |
Regional |
Yes |
Empirical |
Yes |
Silva et al. (2018Silva, V.L., Mehltreter, K. & Schmitt, J.L. 2018. Ferns as potential ecological indicators of edge in two types of Mexican forests. Ecological Indicators 93: 669-676.)* |