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SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this methodological study was to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the Genital Self-Image Scale (GSIS-20) into Brazilian Portuguese. METHODS: The cross-cultural adaptation followed a standardized five-step process: (1) initial translation into Portuguese by two independent bilingual translators; (2) synthesis of the translations; (3) back-translation into English by two independent native speakers; (4) expert committee review to ensure semantic, idiomatic, experiential, and conceptual equivalence; and (5) pre-test with 15 women to evaluate comprehension and cultural relevance. Subsequently, the psychometric properties of the adapted instrument were assessed in 148 women divided into three groups: nulliparous (n=53), primiparous without pelvic organ prolapse (n=52), and women with stage III or IV pelvic organ prolapse (n=43). The Genital Self-Image Scale (GSIS-20) was applied at three time points to assess internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha), test–retest, and interobserver reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient), and discriminant validity. RESULTS: All subscales of the Genital Self-Image Scale (GSIS-20) showed statistically significant differences between groups. The instrument demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.925) and reproducibility (intraclass correlation coefficient >0.75). CONCLUSION: The Genital Self-Image Scale (GSIS-20) was successfully translated and culturally adapted into Brazilian Portuguese, showing satisfactory psychometric properties for use in this population.

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SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between sarcopenia and its components with fracture risk in people living with human immunodeficiency virus, and to assess the association with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted with people living with human immunodeficiency virus undergoing antiretroviral therapy in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Sarcopenia was defined according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People criteria, assessing muscle strength (handgrip strength), skeletal muscle mass (skeletal muscle mass index), and physical performance (gait speed). The 10-year risk of major osteoporotic and hip fracture was estimated using the Brazilian version of the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX®). Statistical analyses included chi-square tests, analysis of variance, and Spearman correlation (p<0.05). RESULTS: Among 105 participants (44.6±13.5 years), the prevalence of confirmed or severe sarcopenia was 6.7%. No association was found between sarcopenia and the risk of major fracture (p=0.471) or hip fracture (p=0.254). However, handgrip strength was correlated with the risk of major fracture (ρ=-0.21; p=0.029) and hip fracture (ρ=-0.25; p=0.010). SMII showed moderate correlations with major fracture risk (ρ=-0.44; p<0.01) and hip fracture risk (ρ=-0.52; p<0.01). Gait speed was correlated only with hip fracture risk (ρ=-0.22; p=0.025). Older age (p<0.001) and lower body mass index (p=0.011) were significant risk factors. CONCLUSION: Sarcopenia as a categorical diagnosis was not associated with fracture risk, whereas lower handgrip strength and skeletal muscle mass index were associated with higher FRAX® estimates, and gait speed only with hip fracture risk. These findings support assessing sarcopenia-related parameters in people living with human immunodeficiency virus.

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SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to determine women's awareness levels regarding gynecological cancers and their fatalistic perceptions regarding breast cancer. METHODS: This was a descriptive study conducted in a Family Health Centre District between October 2023 and August 2024. The study sample consisted of 333 women. A personal information form, Gynecological Cancer Awareness Scale, and breast cancer fatalism scale were used to collect data. RESULTS: The mean total score on the Gynecological Cancer Awareness Scale for the women participating in the study was 146.02±21.70, and the mean total score on the Breast Cancer Fatalism Scale was 7.40±2.61. Educational status, social security, obtaining information from healthcare professionals about gynecological cancers, and previous gynecological examination status of the participants explain 18.7% of the variance in the Gynecological Cancer Awareness Scale total score average. Additionally, age and educational status explain 13.6% of the variance in the Breast Cancer Fatalism Scale total score average. CONCLUSION: As a result, it can be said that women's awareness levels about gynecological cancers and their perception of breast cancer fatalism are above average. Therefore, education should be provided to increase awareness levels of gynecological cancers and reduce perceptions of breast cancer fatalism.

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SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the clinical significance of serum soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. METHODS: This case-control study included 40 women with polycystic ovary syndrome and 40 healthy control women. Serum soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 and high-sensitive C-reactive protein levels were measured via commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, according to the manufacturer's instructions. RESULTS: Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 levels were statistically significantly higher in women with polycystic ovary syndrome than controls (p<0.001). In the logistic regression analysis, an increase in serum soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 level demonstrated a significant association with polycystic ovary syndrome diagnosis (p=0.011). In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) for soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 was found to be 0.800 (p<0.001). Setting the cut-off value at 45.22 pg/mL, soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 demonstrated a sensitivity of 87.5% and a specificity of 65.0%. In the logistic regression analysis that incorporated homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, anti-müllerian hormone, and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1, a 1 pg/mL rise in soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 was associated with a 1.07-fold increase in the odds of polycystic ovary syndrome, a 3.10-fold increase in the odds due to a 1-point rise in homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, and a 3.24-fold increase in the odds for every 1 ng/mL rise in anti-müllerian hormone. The model incorporating anti-müllerian hormone, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 predicted polycystic ovary syndrome with 83.8% accuracy, 90.0% specificity, and 77.5% sensitivity. CONCLUSION: Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 may serve as an indicator of the chronic inflammatory process in polycystic ovary syndrome and could be a complementary marker rather than a diagnostic marker for polycystic ovary syndrome.

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SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine the association between plasma expression levels of microRNAs (miRNAs; MIR126-3p; and MIR375-3p) and pregnancy complications. METHODS: This prospective study included 39 pregnant women who admitted to Obstetrics and Gynecology Polyclinic of Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Medicine. 28 of these pregnant women were healthy, while 11 had pregnancy complications (five hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and six gestational diabetes). Hypertensive disorders include preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, and chronic hypertension. The study included pregnant women older than 18 years of age with singleton pregnancies and no history of cancer. Quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the expression patterns of MIR126-3p and MIR375-3p in maternal plasma. Fold change (2-ΔΔCt) analysis was used to examine the microRNA expression patterns. RESULTS: MIR375-3p expression levels demonstrated a statistically significant difference between two groups. It was significantly lower in women with pregnancy complications than healthy pregnant women. CONCLUSION: We found that MIR375-3p might be a useful indicator for non-invasive diagnosis and play a crucial part in predicting pregnancy complications. Given the limited patient cohort, more research using bigger samples is required to validate our findings.

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SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare functional shoulder performance and fatigue among young adults with forward head posture, forward head posture with scapular dyskinesis (forward head posture+scapular dyskinesia), and healthy controls. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 85 young adults aged 18–25 years, allocated to three groups: forward head posture+scapular dyskinesia (n=25), forward head posture (n=30), and control (n=30). Forward head posture was assessed using the craniovertebral angle, scapular dyskinesia with the Lateral Scapular Slide Test, functional shoulder performance with Timed Functional Arm and Shoulder Test, and fatigue with the Chalder Fatigue Scale. RESULTS: Significant between-group differences were found for dominant-side, non-dominant-side, and total Timed Functional Arm and Shoulder Test scores (p<0.001). The forward head posture+scapular dyskinesia group had lower dominant-side and total Timed Functional Arm and Shoulder Test scores than the both forward head posture and control groups (p=0.040, p<0.001, and p=0.031, p<0.001, respectively), while both postural disorder groups had lower non-dominant-side Timed Functional Arm and Shoulder Test scores than controls (forward head posture+scapular dyskinesia: p<0.001; forward head posture: p=0.003). Total and physical fatigue scores were higher in both the forward head posture+scapular dyskinesia and forward head posture groups than in controls (total fatigue: p=0.010 and p=0.011; physical fatigue: both p=0.019), whereas mental fatigue did not differ significantly among the groups (p=0.163). CONCLUSION: Functional shoulder performance was lower in the forward head posture and forward head posture+scapular dyskinesia groups than in the controls, with the lowest scores in the forward head posture+scapular dyskinesia group. Total and physical fatigue were higher in both postural disorder groups, whereas mental fatigue did not differ between groups.

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SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the association of thyroid stimulating hormone and free-thyroxin with anemia as well as the role of several sociodemographic variables in these associations. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional analysis of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health study (2008–2010), a prospective cohort study of civil servants in six locations in Brazil. Inclusion criteria: to be an active or retired civil servant of one of the institutions and 35–74 years at enrollment. Exclusion criteria: pregnancy less than 4 months before entering the study for women, intention to quit the institution soon, live outside the metropolitan region where the investigation center is located or communication problems. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin <12 g% in women and <13 g% in men. After exclusions, 13,247 participants were included in the analysis. Models were presented without adjustment and adjusted for sociodemographic and clinical risk factors. The study was approved by the Ethic Committee. RESULTS: Median age was 51.9 (51–53 years), 54% of women There was an association of less presence of anemia with higher free-thyroxin levels considering the entire sample: OR 0.80 (95%CI 0.65–0.98) for the second quintile; OR 0.55 (95%CI 0.43–0.70) for third quintile; OR 0.49 (95%CI 0.38–0.63) for fourth quintile; and OR 0.52 (95%CI 0.40–0.66) for fifth quintile for free-thyroxin levels. This association was also present when analyzing the sample by sex. CONCLUSION: Higher levels of free-thyroxin are associated with lower odds of anemia. No associations were found between thyroid stimulating hormone levels and anemia. In analysis, according to sex, No differences were found between men and women.

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SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine general self-efficacy in relation to perceived social support, self-esteem, and employment status among individuals with remitted bipolar disorder. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 67 patients with bipolar disorder in remission for at least eight weeks. Sociodemographic data were collected with a semi-structured form, and participants completed the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and General Self-Efficacy Scale. Correlation analyses, group comparisons, and an exploratory multiple linear regression analysis were conducted. RESULTS: Self-esteem was positively correlated with perceived social support (r=0.390, p<0.01) and general self-efficacy (r=0.604, p<0.001). Employed participants had higher perceived social support, self-esteem, and general self-efficacy than unemployed participants (all p<0.05). In an exploratory multiple linear regression model, self-esteem and employment status remained associated with general self-efficacy after adjustment for perceived social support, age, and gender. CONCLUSION: Self-esteem and employment status were associated with general self-efficacy in patients with remitted bipolar disorder. These preliminary findings highlight the potential relevance of psychosocial and vocational factors, although longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the directionality of these relationships.

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SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to describe the demographic, clinical, cognitive, and functional characteristics of acquired brain injury patients, analyze complications, and evaluate inpatient rehabilitation outcomes. METHODS: Retrospective review of 50 acquired brain injury patients undergoing multidisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation (2019–2024). Glasgow Coma Scale, post-traumatic amnesia, cognitive scales (Mini-Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Rancho Los Amigos), Functional Ambulation Scale, and complications were assessed. RESULTS: Traumatic etiology comprised 76% of cases; 72% were severe (Glasgow Coma Scale 3–8). Prolonged post-traumatic amnesia (>24 h) was significantly associated with severe injury (p<0.001). Spasticity (64%), contractures (42%), speech disorders (42%), and dysphagia (34%) were most prevalent. Functional Ambulation Scale score 0 decreased from 58 to 42% post-rehabilitation; Functional Ambulation Scale 3–5 increased from 24 to 46% (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Structured multidisciplinary rehabilitation was associated with measurable functional gains in acquired brain injury patients despite severe deficits and frequent complications; however, the absence of a control group precludes causal conclusions.