PRESSÃO ARTERIAL EM FUNÇÃO DO SEXO, IDADE E LARGURA DO MANGUITO

Arcuri, Edna Apparecida Moura; Santos, Jair Lício Ferreira dos; Silva, Mauricio Rocha e

doi:10.1590/0080-6234198902300300173

Resumos

Neste estudo medidas indiretas da pressão arterial foram comparadas, usando-se manguito de largura correta versus o de largura padrão, em 1000 pessoas. O manguito de largura correta, apropriada à circunferência do braço, foi escolhido segundo as recomendações da American Heart Association. Os resultados evidenciaram inadequação do manguito padrão na população estudada, tomando-se excessivamente largo na maioria dos braços; resultando em importante hipoestimação dos valores de pressão arterial, sobretudo nos adultos jovens, sexo feminino, e magros. Tais achados levantam a hipótese de que o uso do manguito padrão possa prejudicar o diagnóstico precoce da hipertensão arterial.

Hipertensão; Medida da pressão arterial

In this study indirect arterial preassure measurements were compared using correct cuff width versus standard one, in 1000 people. The choice of the correct cuff width followed the American Heart Association recommendation. The results showed inappropriation of the standard cuff in the studied population, which is too much large in the majority of the arms, resulting in important hipoestimation of the arterial preassure values, particularly in the young adults, females and leans. Such findings raise the hypotesis that the use of standard cuff can mask the early diagnosis of hypertension in people with thin arms.

Hypertension; Blood pressure, measurement

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REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS

ALVAREZ, W.C. Blood pressures in fifteen thousand university freshmen. Arch. Intern. Med., Chicago, 32: 17-20, 1923.
AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION AND THE CARDIAC SOCIETY OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. Standardization of blood pressure readings. Am. Heart. J., St. Louis, 18: 95-101, 1939.
BECK, F.M.; WEAVER, J.M.; BLOZIS, G.G.; UNVERFERTH, D.V. Effect of arm position and arm support on indirect blood pressure measurements made in a dental chair. J. Am. Dent. Assoc., Chicago, 106: 465-68,1983.
BERLINER, K.; FUJIY, H.; LEE, D.; YILDIZ, M.; GARNIER, B. Blood pressure measurements in obese persons: comparison of intra-arterial and auscultatory measurements. Am. J. Cardiol., New York, 8: 10-7, 1961.
BOE, J.; HUMERFELT, S.; WERDERVANG, F. The blood pressure in population. Acta Med. Scand., Stockholm, (Suppl. 321): 1-336, 1957.
BORDLEY, III. J.; CONNOR, A.R.; HAMILTON, W.F.; KERR, W.J.; WIGGERS, C.J. Recommendations for human blood pressure determinations by sphygmomanometers. Circulation, Dallas, 4: 503-9,1951.
BORGES de ALMEIDA, D.; MONTEIRO FILHO, R.C.; FERREIRA, E.S.; ABUJAMRA JUNIOR, O.; ZAMBELLO DE PINHO, S.; HABERMANN, F.; MAGALDI, C. Níveis pressóricos de estudantes de 16 a 25 anos, da área urbana do município de Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil, em 1975. Bol. Of. Sanit. Panam., Washington, 87:405-13,1979.
BOYNTON, R.E. & TODD, R.L. Blood pressure readings of 75.258 university students. Arch. Intern. Med., Chicago,80: 454-62,1947.
CARVALHO, J.J.M. Estudo epidemiológico da pressão arterial em diferentes grupos sociais e profissionais. Rio de Janeiro, 1978. [Dissertação de mestrado - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro].
COLLI, A.S.; CONCEIÇÃO, J.A.N. & COELHO, H.S. Freqüência cardíaca e pressão arterial de adolescentes. Arq. bras. Cardiol., São Paulo, 28: 37-44,1975.
DIEHL, H.S. & SUTHERLAND, K.H. Systolic blood pressure in young men including a special study of those with hypertension. Arch. Int. Med., Chicago, 36: 151-73,1925.
DOYLE, A.E. & LOVELL, R.R.H. Blood pressure and body build in men in tropical and temperature Australia. Clin. Sd., London, 20: 243-47,1961.
FEINLEIB, M.; HALPERIN, M.; GARRISON, R.J. Relationship between blood pressure and age: regression analysis of longitudinal data. Presented at Annual Meeting of the American Public Health Association, 97, Philadelphia, Nov. 10-14, 1969.
FREIS, E.D. & SAPPINGTON JUNIOR, R.F. Dynamic reactions produced by deflating a blood pressure cuff. Circulation, Dallas, 38: 1085-93, 1968.
HAMILTON, M.; PICKERING, G.W.; ROBERTS, J.A.F.; SOWRY, G.S.C. The aetiology of essential hypertension. 1. The arterial pressure in the general population. Clin. Sd., London, 13: 11-35, 1954(a).
HAMILTON, M.; PICKERING, G.W.; ROBERTS, J.A.F.; SOWRY, G.S.C. The aetiology of essential hypertension. 2. Scores for arterial blood pressures adjusted for differences in age and sex. Clin. Sci., London, 13: 37-49,1954(b).
HARLAN, W.R.; HULL, A.L.; SCHMOUDER, R.L.; LANDIS, J.R.; LARKIN, F.A.; THOMPSON, F.E. High blood pressure in older americans the first nacional health and nutricion examination survey. Hypertension, Dallas, 6: 802-9,1984.
KIRKENDALL, W.M.; BURTON, A.C.; EPSTEIN, F.H. FREIS, E.D. Recommendations for human blood pressure determination by sphygmomanometers. Circulation, Dallas, 36: 980-8,1967.
KIRKENDALL, W.M.; FEINLEIB, M.; FREIS, E.D.; MARK, A.L. Recommendations for human blood pressure determination by sphygmomanometers. Circulation, Dallas, 62:1146A-55A, 1980.
LEAL, M.C. Migrações internas e pressão arterial no Rio Grande do Sul. Rio de Janeiro, 1981. 76p. [Dissertação de Mestrado - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro].
MASTER, A.M.; DUBLIN, L.I.; MARKS, H.H. The normal blood pressure range and its clinical implication. J. Am. Med. Assoc., Chicago, 143: 1465-70,1950.
MIALL, W.E. & OLDHAM, P.D. A study of arterial blood pressure and its inheritance in a sample of the general population. Clin. Sci., London, 14: 459-88,1955.
MIALL, W.E. & OLDHAM, P.D. The hereditary factor in arterial blood pressure. Br. Med. J., London, 1:75-88,1963.
MIALL, W.E. & LOVELL, H.G. Relation between change of blood pressure and age. Br. Med. J., London, 2: 660-64,1967.
MIALL, W.E. & CHINN. Blood pressure and ageing: results of a 15-17 years follow-up study in south wales. Clin. Sci. Mol. Med., London, 45: 23S-5S, 1973.
MITCHELL, P.L. & BLACKBURN, H. Effect of vertical displacement of the arm on indirect blood pressure measurement. N. Engl. J. Med., Massachusetts, 271: 72-4,1964.
NIELSEN, P.E. & JANNICHE, H. The accuracy of auscultatory measurement of arm blood pressure in very obese subjects. Acta Med. Scand., Stockholm, 195:403-9,1974.
NUESSLE, W.F. The importance of a tight blood pressure cuff. Am. Heart. J., St. Louis, 52: 905-7, 1956.
ORMA, E.; KARVONEN, M.J.; KEYS, A. Cuff hypertension. Lancet, London, 2: 51, 1960.
PAUL, O. Epidemiology of hypertension. In: GENEST, J.; KOIW, E.; KUCHEL, O. Hypertension: physiopathology and treatment. New York, McGraw-Hill. 1977. p. 613-629.
POULTER, N.; KHAW, K.T.; HOPWOOD, B.E.C.; MUGAMBI, M.; PEART, W.S.; ROSE, G.; SEVER, P.S. Blood pressure and associated factors in a rural Kenyan community. Hypertension, Dallas, 6: 810-3, 1984.
ROBERTS, J. & MAURER. Blood pressure levels of persons 6-74 years: United States, 1971-1974. Hyattsville, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, 1977. 103 p. (DHEW Publication No. [HRA] 78-1648).
STAMLER, J.; STAMLER, R.; RIEDLINGER, W. Hypertension screening of 1 million americans: Community hypertension evaluation clinic (CHEC) program, 1973 throught 1975. J. Am. Med. Assoc., Chicago, 235: 2299-306, 1976.
SZKLO, M. Epidemiologic patterns of blood pressure in children. Epidemiol. Rev., Baltimore, 1: 143-169,1979.
VINHA, V.P. Estudo da pressão arterial em policiais militares do grupo etário 20 -- 50 anos. Ribeirão Preto, 1972. 72p. (Tese de doutoramento - Escola de Enfermagem da USP).
VIOL, G.W.; GOEBEL, M.; LORENZ, G.V.; JNG, T.S. Seating as a variable in clinical blood pressure measurement. Am. Heart. J., St. Louis, 98: 813-14, 1979.
Von RECKLINGHAUSEN, H. Ueber blutdruckmessung beim menschen. Arch. Exp. Pathol. Pharmakol, Berlim, 46: 78-132, 1901.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
Dez 1989

Histórico

Recebido
22 Jul 1988

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

[1] ALVAREZ, W.C. Blood pressures in fifteen thousand university freshmen. Arch. Intern. Med., Chicago, 32: 17-20, 1923.

[2] AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION AND THE CARDIAC SOCIETY OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. Standardization of blood pressure readings. Am. Heart. J., St. Louis, 18: 95-101, 1939.

[3] BECK, F.M.; WEAVER, J.M.; BLOZIS, G.G.; UNVERFERTH, D.V. Effect of arm position and arm support on indirect blood pressure measurements made in a dental chair. J. Am. Dent. Assoc., Chicago, 106: 465-68,1983.

[4] BERLINER, K.; FUJIY, H.; LEE, D.; YILDIZ, M.; GARNIER, B. Blood pressure measurements in obese persons: comparison of intra-arterial and auscultatory measurements. Am. J. Cardiol., New York, 8: 10-7, 1961.

[5] BOE, J.; HUMERFELT, S.; WERDERVANG, F. The blood pressure in population. Acta Med. Scand., Stockholm, (Suppl. 321): 1-336, 1957.

[6] BORDLEY, III. J.; CONNOR, A.R.; HAMILTON, W.F.; KERR, W.J.; WIGGERS, C.J. Recommendations for human blood pressure determinations by sphygmomanometers. Circulation, Dallas, 4: 503-9,1951.

[7] BORGES de ALMEIDA, D.; MONTEIRO FILHO, R.C.; FERREIRA, E.S.; ABUJAMRA JUNIOR, O.; ZAMBELLO DE PINHO, S.; HABERMANN, F.; MAGALDI, C. Níveis pressóricos de estudantes de 16 a 25 anos, da área urbana do município de Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil, em 1975. Bol. Of. Sanit. Panam., Washington, 87:405-13,1979.

[8] BOYNTON, R.E. & TODD, R.L. Blood pressure readings of 75.258 university students. Arch. Intern. Med., Chicago,80: 454-62,1947.

[9] CARVALHO, J.J.M. Estudo epidemiológico da pressão arterial em diferentes grupos sociais e profissionais. Rio de Janeiro, 1978. [Dissertação de mestrado - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro].

[10] COLLI, A.S.; CONCEIÇÃO, J.A.N. & COELHO, H.S. Freqüência cardíaca e pressão arterial de adolescentes. Arq. bras. Cardiol., São Paulo, 28: 37-44,1975.

[11] DIEHL, H.S. & SUTHERLAND, K.H. Systolic blood pressure in young men including a special study of those with hypertension. Arch. Int. Med., Chicago, 36: 151-73,1925.

[12] DOYLE, A.E. & LOVELL, R.R.H. Blood pressure and body build in men in tropical and temperature Australia. Clin. Sd., London, 20: 243-47,1961.

[13] FEINLEIB, M.; HALPERIN, M.; GARRISON, R.J. Relationship between blood pressure and age: regression analysis of longitudinal data. Presented at Annual Meeting of the American Public Health Association, 97, Philadelphia, Nov. 10-14, 1969.

[14] FREIS, E.D. & SAPPINGTON JUNIOR, R.F. Dynamic reactions produced by deflating a blood pressure cuff. Circulation, Dallas, 38: 1085-93, 1968.

[15] HAMILTON, M.; PICKERING, G.W.; ROBERTS, J.A.F.; SOWRY, G.S.C. The aetiology of essential hypertension. 1. The arterial pressure in the general population. Clin. Sd., London, 13: 11-35, 1954(a).

[16] HAMILTON, M.; PICKERING, G.W.; ROBERTS, J.A.F.; SOWRY, G.S.C. The aetiology of essential hypertension. 2. Scores for arterial blood pressures adjusted for differences in age and sex. Clin. Sci., London, 13: 37-49,1954(b).

[17] HARLAN, W.R.; HULL, A.L.; SCHMOUDER, R.L.; LANDIS, J.R.; LARKIN, F.A.; THOMPSON, F.E. High blood pressure in older americans the first nacional health and nutricion examination survey. Hypertension, Dallas, 6: 802-9,1984.

[18] KIRKENDALL, W.M.; BURTON, A.C.; EPSTEIN, F.H. FREIS, E.D. Recommendations for human blood pressure determination by sphygmomanometers. Circulation, Dallas, 36: 980-8,1967.

[19] KIRKENDALL, W.M.; FEINLEIB, M.; FREIS, E.D.; MARK, A.L. Recommendations for human blood pressure determination by sphygmomanometers. Circulation, Dallas, 62:1146A-55A, 1980.

[20] LEAL, M.C. Migrações internas e pressão arterial no Rio Grande do Sul. Rio de Janeiro, 1981. 76p. [Dissertação de Mestrado - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro].

[21] MASTER, A.M.; DUBLIN, L.I.; MARKS, H.H. The normal blood pressure range and its clinical implication. J. Am. Med. Assoc., Chicago, 143: 1465-70,1950.

[22] MIALL, W.E. & OLDHAM, P.D. A study of arterial blood pressure and its inheritance in a sample of the general population. Clin. Sci., London, 14: 459-88,1955.

[23] MIALL, W.E. & OLDHAM, P.D. The hereditary factor in arterial blood pressure. Br. Med. J., London, 1:75-88,1963.

[24] MIALL, W.E. & LOVELL, H.G. Relation between change of blood pressure and age. Br. Med. J., London, 2: 660-64,1967.

[25] MIALL, W.E. & CHINN. Blood pressure and ageing: results of a 15-17 years follow-up study in south wales. Clin. Sci. Mol. Med., London, 45: 23S-5S, 1973.

[26] MITCHELL, P.L. & BLACKBURN, H. Effect of vertical displacement of the arm on indirect blood pressure measurement. N. Engl. J. Med., Massachusetts, 271: 72-4,1964.

[27] NIELSEN, P.E. & JANNICHE, H. The accuracy of auscultatory measurement of arm blood pressure in very obese subjects. Acta Med. Scand., Stockholm, 195:403-9,1974.

[28] NUESSLE, W.F. The importance of a tight blood pressure cuff. Am. Heart. J., St. Louis, 52: 905-7, 1956.

[29] ORMA, E.; KARVONEN, M.J.; KEYS, A. Cuff hypertension. Lancet, London, 2: 51, 1960.

[30] PAUL, O. Epidemiology of hypertension. In: GENEST, J.; KOIW, E.; KUCHEL, O. Hypertension: physiopathology and treatment. New York, McGraw-Hill. 1977. p. 613-629.

[31] POULTER, N.; KHAW, K.T.; HOPWOOD, B.E.C.; MUGAMBI, M.; PEART, W.S.; ROSE, G.; SEVER, P.S. Blood pressure and associated factors in a rural Kenyan community. Hypertension, Dallas, 6: 810-3, 1984.

[32] ROBERTS, J. & MAURER. Blood pressure levels of persons 6-74 years: United States, 1971-1974. Hyattsville, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, 1977. 103 p. (DHEW Publication No. [HRA] 78-1648).

[33] STAMLER, J.; STAMLER, R.; RIEDLINGER, W. Hypertension screening of 1 million americans: Community hypertension evaluation clinic (CHEC) program, 1973 throught 1975. J. Am. Med. Assoc., Chicago, 235: 2299-306, 1976.

[34] SZKLO, M. Epidemiologic patterns of blood pressure in children. Epidemiol. Rev., Baltimore, 1: 143-169,1979.

[35] VINHA, V.P. Estudo da pressão arterial em policiais militares do grupo etário 20 -- 50 anos. Ribeirão Preto, 1972. 72p. (Tese de doutoramento - Escola de Enfermagem da USP).

[36] VIOL, G.W.; GOEBEL, M.; LORENZ, G.V.; JNG, T.S. Seating as a variable in clinical blood pressure measurement. Am. Heart. J., St. Louis, 98: 813-14, 1979.

[37] Von RECKLINGHAUSEN, H. Ueber blutdruckmessung beim menschen. Arch. Exp. Pathol. Pharmakol, Berlim, 46: 78-132, 1901.

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