Technological variables predictors of academic stress in nursing students in times of COVID-19

Zeladita-Huaman, Jhon Alex; Huyhua-Gutierrez, Sonia Celedonia; Castillo-Parra, Henry; Zegarra-Chapoñan, Roberto; Tejada-Muñoz, Sonia; Díaz-Manchay, Rosa Jeuna

doi:10.1590/1518-8345.6386.3852

Jhon Alex Zeladita-Huaman

Study concept and design

Obtaining data

Data analysis and interpretation

Statistical analysis

Drafting the manuscript

Critical review of the manuscript as to its relevant intellectual content

Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Departamento Académico de Enfermería, Lima, Lima, Peru.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5419-5793

Sonia Celedonia Huyhua-Gutierrez

Study concept and design

Obtaining data

Data analysis and interpretation

Drafting the manuscript

Critical review of the manuscript as to its relevant intellectual content

Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Facultad de Ciencia de la Salud, Amazonas, Amazonas, Peru.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4823-2778

Henry Castillo-Parra

Study concept and design

Data analysis and interpretation

Statistical analysis

Critical review of the manuscript as to its relevant intellectual content

Universidad de San Buenaventura, Facultad de Psicología, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0083-0074

Roberto Zegarra-Chapoñan

Study concept and design

Obtaining data

Data analysis and interpretation

Critical review of the manuscript as to its relevant intellectual content

Universidad María Auxiliadora, Escuela Profesional de Enfermería, Lima, Lima, Peru.

Ministerio de Salud, Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública, Lima, Lima, Peru.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0471-9413

Sonia Tejada-Muñoz

Obtaining data

Data analysis and interpretation

Statistical analysis

Drafting the manuscript

Critical review of the manuscript as to its relevant intellectual content

Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Facultad de Ciencia de la Salud, Amazonas, Amazonas, Peru.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1181-8540

Rosa Jeuna Díaz-Manchay

Study concept and design

Obtaining data

Data analysis and interpretation

Statistical analysis

Critical review of the manuscript as to its relevant intellectual content

Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, Facultad de Medicina, Lambayeque, Lambayeque, Peru.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2333-7963

Corresponding author:
Roberto Zegarra Chapoñan E-mail: rob.zegarra@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0471-9413

Conflict of interest:

the authors have declared that there is no conflict of interest.

Associate Editor:

César Calvo-Lobo

Variables	n	%
Main ED^* * ED = Electronic device used for the classes
Computer	627	78.7
Tablet	10	1.3
Smartphone	159	20.0
Time using the ED^* * ED = Electronic device during classes (daily hours)
Between 1 and 4	125	15.7
More than 4	671	84.3
Distance between face and ED^* * ED = Electronic device (cm)
Less than 30	315	39.6
30-50	441	55.4
More than 50	40	5.0
Position when using the ED^* * ED = Electronic device
Sitting leaning	514	64.6
Sitting upright	262	32.9
Lying down	20	2.5
Screen brightness
Opaque	177	22.2
Brilliant	520	65.3
Very bright	99	12.5
Use of glasses when using the ED^* * ED = Electronic device
Yes	385	48.4
No	411	51.6
Rest duration (minutes)
1 to 5	240	30.1
6 to 10	287	36.1
11 to 19	198	24.9
More than 20	71	8.9
Use of screen filter
No	593	74.5
Sometimes	121	15.2
Yes	82	10.3
Knowledge of the 20-20-20 rule
Yes	105	13.2
No	691	86.8
Application of the 20-20-20 rule
Yes	50	6.3
No	746	93.7

Variable	b^ * b = Non-standard coefficient;*	SE ^† † SE = Standard error;	Exp (b) ^‡ ‡ B = Standard coefficient;
Intercept	1.02 ^\|\| § ED = Electronic device;	0.43	2.78
Time of use of the ED ^§ \|\| P value < 0.05; (>5 hours)	1.04 ^¶ ¶ P value < 0.001;	0.26	2.85
Position when using ED ^§ \|\| P value < 0.05; (sitting upright)	-0.87 ^¶ ¶ P value < 0.001;	0.23	0.42
Position when using the ED ^§ \|\| P value < 0.05; (lying down)	-0.83	0.63	0.44
Age (20-29 years old)	0.10	0.30	1.11
Age (30-39 years old)	-0.96 ^\|\| § ED = Electronic device;	0.38	0.38
Age (>40 years old)	-1.12	0.63	0.33
Screen brightness (bright)	0.39	0.25	1.49
Screen brightness (very bright)	1.73^ P value < 0.01	0.64	5.66
Sex (Male)	-0.76^ P value < 0.01	0.27	0.47
Distance between the face and DE ^§ \|\| P value < 0.05; (30-50 centimeters)	0.61 ^\|\| § ED = Electronic device;	0.24	1.85
Distance between face and DE ^§ \|\| P value < 0.05; (>50 centimeters)	0.27	0.47	1.31

Variable	b^ * b = Non-standard coefficient;*	SE ^† † SE = Standard error;	Exp (b) ^‡ ‡ B = Standard coefficient;
Intercept	0.76	0.41	2.15
Position when using the ED ^§ § ED = Electronic device; (sitting upright)	-1.02 ^\|\|	0.20	0.36
Position when using the ED ^§ § ED = Electronic device; (lying down)	-0.73	0.56	0.48
Time using the ED ^§ § ED = Electronic device; (>5 hours)	0.92 ^\|\| \|\| P value < 0.001;	0.24	2.53
Age (20-29 years old)	0.13	0.25	1.14
Age (30-39 years old)	-0.75 ^¶ ¶ P value < 0.05;	0.35	0.47
Age (>40 years old)	-1.89^ P value < 0.01	0.61	0.15
Sex (Male)	-0.67^ P value < 0.01	0.24	0.51
Screen brightness (bright)	0.15	0.22	1.17
Screen brightness (very bright)	1.46^ P value < 0.01	0.49	4.32
Rest duration (6-10 min)	0.19	0.24	1.22
Rest duration (11-19 min)	0.57 ^¶ ¶ P value < 0.05;	0.28	1.77
Rest duration (>20 min)	-0.68 ^¶ ¶ P value < 0.05;	0.34	0.51
Distance between face and ED ^§ § ED = Electronic device; (30-50 cm)	0.40	0.21	1.50
Distance between face and ED ^§ § ED = Electronic device; (>50 cm)	-0.19	0.41	0.83

Variable	b^ * b = Non-standard coefficient;*	SE ^† † SE = Standard error;	Exp (b) ^‡ ‡ B = Standard coefficient;
Intercept	0.73 ^\|\| § ED = Electronic device;	0.41	2.09
Position when using ED ^§ \|\| P value < 0.05; (sitting upright)	-0.89 ^¶ ¶ P value < 0.001;	0.20	0.41
Position when using ED ^§ \|\| P value < 0.05; (lying down)	-0.36	0.56	0.69
Age (20-29 years old)	0.30	0.24	1.36
Age (30-39 years old)	-0.63	0.25	0.53
Age (>40 years old)	-1.00	0.35	0.37
Time using the ED ^§ \|\| P value < 0.05; (>5 hours)	0.73^ P value < 0.01	0.61	2.08
Screen brightness (bright)	0.23	0.24	1.27
Screen brightness (very bright)	1.36 ^¶ ¶ P value < 0.001;	0.22	3.91
Sex (Male)	-0.65^ P value < 0.01	0.49	0.52
Occupation (study and work)	-0.37	0.24	0.69

Variable	b^ * b = Non-standard coefficient;*	SE ^† † SE = Standard error;	Exp (b) ^‡ ‡ B = Standard coefficient;
Intercept	0.67	0.41	1.96
Screen brightness (bright)	0.57 ^\|\| § ED = Electronic device;	0.20	1.78
Screen brightness (very bright)	1.50 ^\|\| § ED = Electronic device;	0.56	4.50
Time using the DE ^§ \|\| P value < 0.001; (>5 hours)	0.56 ^¶ ¶ P value < 0.05	0.24	1.77
Gender (Male)	-0.70 ^\|\| § ED = Electronic device;	0.25	0.50
Distance between face and ED ^§ \|\| P value < 0.001; (30-50 cm)	0.51 ^¶ ¶ P value < 0.05	0.35	1.68
Distance between face and ED ^§ \|\| P value < 0.001; (>50 cm)	0.20	0.61	1.23
Age (20-29 years old)	-0.02	0.24	0.99
Age (30-39 years old)	-0.81 ^¶ ¶ P value < 0.05	0.22	0.44
Age (>40 years old)	-0.42	0.49	0.66

[1] Corresponding author:
Roberto Zegarra Chapoñan E-mail: rob.zegarra@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0471-9413

Brasil

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Technological variables predictors of academic stress in nursing students in times of COVID-19

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