MOBILE APPLICATIONS FOR PATIENT SAFETY: A SCOPING REVIEW

scoping review based on the method proposed by the JBI and the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews. The search took place between February and March 2022 in six databases, gray literature and intellectual property registration offices. The review was conducted by peers.

Results:

a total of 28 studies were analyzed. The international goals most often covered by the software were the prevention of medication errors, safe surgery and efficient communication. The applications used different operating systems and mostly described the process of content selection and software architecture. The evaluation system used usability scales, before and after tests and clinical trials.

Conclusion:

the construction of healthcare applications, especially those aimed at implementing patient safety targets, is a broad field to be explored. It is necessary to strengthen the quality of the information offered and the involvement of a multi-professional team in its development. There are gaps in the methodological designs and a lack of legislation regulating aspects related to the quality and veracity of the information provided by the software. Research protocol registered in the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/8b9pz/)

DESCRIPTORS:
Mobile applications; Patient safety; Perioperative nursing; Education in health; Perioperative care.; Medical Informatics Applications

Database	Search strategy
SCOPUS	(TITLE-ABS-KEY ( "patient safety") AND TITLE-ABS-KEY ("Mobile Applications" OR "Mobile Application" OR "Mobile Apps" OR "Mobile App" OR "Portable Electronic App" OR "Portable Electronic Applications") )
EMBASE	'patientsafety':ti,ab,kw AND 'mobile application':ti,ab,kW
LILACS	Patient Safety and Mobile Applications
PUBMED	("patient safety"[MeSH Terms] AND ("Mobile Applications"[MeSH Terms] OR "Mobile Application"[All Fields] OR "Mobile Apps"[All Fields] OR "Mobile App"[All Fields] OR "Portable Electronic Apps"[All Fields] OR "Portable Electronic Applications"[AllFields])
CINAHL	MH patient safety AND AB ( mobile applications or apps or mobile apps or mhealth or ehealth )
SCIENCE DIRECT	"patient safety" AND ("mobile applications")

Author	Country	Type of study	Security theme addressed	Target population	Operating system
Yap et al, 2012¹³	Singapore	Methodological	Medication	Health professionals	IOS
Mira et al, 2014¹⁴	Spain	Randomized Clinical Trial	Medication	Older patients	IOS
Mira et al, 2015¹⁵	Spain	Methodological	Medication	Older patients with polypharmacy	IOS and Android
Buning et al, 2016¹⁶	Netherlands	Methodological	Medication	Patients	IOS
Wentzel et al, 2016¹⁷	Netherlands	Methodological	Medication	Nurses	Not reported
Marien et al, 2018¹⁸	Belgium	Methodological	Medication	Patients	Not reported
Baumann et al, 2019¹⁹	Germany	Methodological	Medication	Health Professionals	Not reported
Ankem et al, 2019²⁰	USA	Methodological	Medication	Patients, caregivers and physicians	IOS
Nedovic et al, 2019²¹	Switzerland	Methodological	Medication	Visually impaired patients	IOS and Android
Taber et al, 2019²²	USA	Methodological	Medication	Health professionals and kidney transplant patients	Not reported
Santos, 2019²³	Brazil	Methodological	Medication	Nurses	Android
Pereira, 2019²⁴	Brazil	Methodological	Medication	Patient	Android
Madrigal-Cadavid et al, 2020²⁵	Colombia	Methodological	Medication	Visually impaired patients	Android
Holden et al, 2020²⁶	USA	Methodological	Medication	Older patients	Android
Misiak Caldas et al, 2020²⁷	Brazil	Methodological	Medication	Health professionals	Not reported
Aldughayfiq, Sampalli, et al, 2021²⁸	Canada	Methodological	Medication	Patients	Android
Siebert et al, 2021²⁹	Switzerland	Randomized Clinical Trial	Medication	Paramedics	Not reported
Beck et al, 2018³⁰	Germany	Randomized Clinical Trial	Safe Surgery	Health Professionals	Not reported
Molina et al, 2017³¹	USA	Methodological	Safe Surgery	Physicians	IOS
Betancourt et al, 2017³²	Colombia	Clinical Trial with Intervention	Safe Surgery	Health professionals	IOS and Android
Russ et al 2020³³	United Kingdom	Methodological	Safe Surgery	Surgical patients	IOS
LindI et al, 2020³⁴	Sweden	Methodological	Identification	Health professionals	Android
Jeonet al, 2019³⁵	Korea	Methodological	Identification	Health professionals	Android
Flohr et al, 2018³⁶	Mexico	Methodological	Communication	Health professionals	Not reported
Schmidt et al, 2019³⁷	Switzerland	Methodological	Communication	Health professionals	Not reported
Barbosa, 2021³⁸	Brazil	Methodological	Communication	Health professionals	Not reported
Han et al., 2020³⁹	Korea	Experimental study (pre and post-test group)	Prevention of falls	Pediatric patients and caregivers	Not reported

Author	Application name	Application objective	Features
Medication
Aldughayfiq, Sampalli, et al 2021²⁸	Not reported	Optimize the prescription process and the process of dispensing prescription medications.	Electronic prescription tracking; biometric authentication; Near Field Communication - (NFC) prescription transfer.
Balman et al, 2019¹⁹	Not reported	Providing support in calculating and administering medication.	Consultation and information on medications.
Madrigal-Cadavid et al., 2020²⁵	Not reported	Facilitate access to medication information.	Consultation and presentation of information Voice assistant, vibration, sound alerts, font size adjustments, non-text alterative text, verbalization of warnings and talkback. Location of pharmacies and hospitals.
Holden et al, 2020²⁶	Brain Buddy	Inform and train older adults to consider the risks and benefits of anticholinergics.	Texts, videos and test to calculate personal risk score for anticholinergic use.
Mira et al, 2014¹⁴	Alice	To remind people to use medications in the correct doses, to distinguish between medications, to avoid possible known interactions and errors in the use of medications. Teaching about the storage of medication.	Stores prescriptions and related instructions, images of medications and prescribers' recommendations. Interaction by text message - photo - use of text - alarms.
Buning et al., 2016¹⁶	Mymedication	Creation of a list of medications used.	Scanning of the barcode on medication packaging; and information on the name and dosage of the medication compared with a database of medications included in the application. Manual recording of information. Medication reminder alarms.
Ankem et al, 2019²⁰	Scopia RX	Manage patient medication and provide up-to-date, personalized information such as proper dosage and possible medication interactions.	It analyzes incoming medications and issues alerts for discrepancies, such as incompatibilities or incorrect dosages.
Nedovic et al, 2019²¹	MyPills	Medication management for blind people.	Identification of the medication packaging. Voice output of the name of the medication and intake schedule. Storage of medication and dosage information. Code display allows the current medication to be transferred to another healthcare professional. Prescription renewal reminder.
Mira et al, 2015¹⁵	Tumedicine	Transforming Ean-13 and QR codes associated with medication into verbal instructions, to enable safer use of medication by patients.	Store information about the medication (purpose, dose, side effects, precautions, expiry date, storage). Reading the medication box code. Offering audio information.
Taber et al, 2019²²	Not reported	Monitoring transplant patients for medication safety.	Notices for checking blood pressure, blood glucose, recording medication intake times, research into adverse medication events and their severity.
Siebert et al, 2021²⁹	PedAmines	Providing information on the preparation and administration of medications.	Information on the preparation and administration of medications used in cardiopulmonary resuscitation, according to the patient's weight and age.
Yap et al, 2012¹²	OncoRX-Mi	To detect alternative drug-treatment interactions (DCIS) between chemotherapy regimens (CRegs) and complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs).	Search for interactions based on the acronyms of the CRegs and the common name of the CAMs. Database with 2750 pairs of interactions between CRegs and CAMs, totaling 4408 DCI pairs.
Wentzel et al, 2016¹⁷	Antibiotic APP	Antibiotic information to support nurses' work.	Instructions for administering or preparing parenteral antibiotics, information on side effects, allergies or the medication's action mechanisms.
Marien et al, 2018¹⁸	Not reported	Documenting lists of medications.	Record of the medications used, how they were used, whether they were appropriate or not, and the prescriber.
Misiak Caldas et al, 2020²⁷	PrevMed	Train the healthcare team in the use of a protocol for preventing potentially dangerous medication errors.	Information through texts on Medical prescriptions; Storage, separation and distribution of medications; Preparation of medications; Administration of medications; Post-administration care.
Santos, 2019²³	Not reported	Orientation on the administration of antineoplastic chemotherapy for nurses.	Information on the routes of administration of the main medications, precautions at the time of administration, possible adverse effects, post-administration precautions and the nurse's conduct in the event of extravasation of a particular chemotherapy.
Pereira, 2019²⁴	MEDPAD	Enable patients to participate in the medication safety process in the hospital environment.	Access registration for professionals and patients; capture and digitalization of the prescription; movement in the prescription, scheduling and dispensing; confirmation - the patient will be able to follow the list of medications and confirm whether or not it has been administered, with the respective justification.
Prevenção de quedas
Han et al, 2020³⁹	APP SK	Preventing safety incidents among hospitalized children aged 3 to 6.	Games, audios, texts and tests.
Cirurgia Segura
Russ et al, 2020³³	Mysurgery	Empower patients to optimize the safety of care during surgery.	Interaction by message, informative texts, videos.
Molina et al, 2017³¹	StentTracker	Improve patient safety, facilitate data collection and provide an efficient interface to simplify urethral stent tracking.	Provides procedure information, scheduled removal dates and product description for Boston Scientific ureteral stents.
Beck et al, 2018³⁰	Not reported	Present an audiovisual checklist to support anesthesia residents in the process of induction of anesthesia.	The checklist asks whether the following items are correct: Identification, procedure and location, presence of allergies, risk of difficult route, availability of materials and medication.
Kaltsidou et al, 2017³²	Not reported	Identify a critical event early during surgery and provide solutions for coping.	Flowchart that allows early identification of a critical event during surgery and, once detected, provides the steps for dealing with it.
Identificação do paciente
Jeon et al, 2019³⁵	Not reported	Facial identification of patients before procedures.	Facial biometrics and access to medical records.
LindI et al, 2020³⁴	Not reported	Make patient identification easier and quicker for hospital or nursing home staff.	Scanning the tag on the patient's ID bracelet with the mobile device's NFC reader.
Comunicação eficaz
Flohr et al, 2018³⁶	VitalPed	Solving communication and workflow problems.	Integrated display of vital parameters for single and multiple patients, intelligent alarms and reminders, team communication tool.
Schmidt et al, 2019³⁷	Not reported	To help health professionals structure their information for notification and on-call duty.	Create, store, modify and delete an ISBAR note.
Barbosa, 2021³⁸	Not reported	Assisting with the shift change in an emergency room.	SBAR-based shift handover tool and NEWS patient risk assessment scale.

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[1] CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Liliane de Lourdes Teixeira Silva lilanets@ufsj.edu.br