O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de um nanocomplexo recém-desenvolvido formado entre hidroxipropil-β-ciclodextrina e 1% de tetrafluoreto de titânio (TiF4) após distintos períodos de complexação (12/72 horas) na desmineralização do esmalte bovino in vitro. Blocos de esmalte (n = 60) foram alocados para cada grupo: água Mili-Q, hidroxipropil-β-ciclodextrina, TiF4 a 1%, hidroxipropil-β-ciclodextrina + TiF4 1% após 12 horas de complexação e hidroxipropil-β-ciclodextrina + TiF4 1% após 72 horas de complexação. As amostras foram avaliadas pela microdureza superficial, microdureza transversal e micro-CT. Microscopia eletrônica de varredura / espectrometria de raios X por dispersão de energia (MEV / EDX) foram obtidas. A hidroxipropil-β-ciclodextrina + TiF4 1% após 12h de complexação resultou em um menor percentual de perda de microdureza superficial em comparação com água Mili-Q, hidroxipropil-β-ciclodextrina, TiF4 a 1% e hidroxipropil-β-ciclodextrina + TiF4 1% após 72 horas de complexação com uma ampla magnitude de efeito (de 1,307 a 2,943) e alto poder (84,9 a 99%). Todos os grupos resultaram em similar perda integrada de minerais (ΔZ) obtida por ambas as técnicas de microdureza e micro-CT. O esmalte tratado com os grupos TiF4 e TiF4 + hidroxipropil-β-ciclodextrina apresentou camada de esmalte TiO2, enquanto a avaliação de EDX identificou Ti. A solução contendo o complexo de inclusão de hidroxipropil-β-ciclodextrina + TiF4 com 12 horas de período de complexação demonstrou uma capacidade significativa para reduzir a desmineralização superficial do esmalte hígido sob um desafio cariogênico artificial.
Article • Braz. Dent. J. 32
(2)
• Mar-Apr 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440202103623 linkcopiar
Contextual and individual factors associated with oral health literacy in adolescents: A multi-level approach
Autoria
person Érick Tássio Barbosa Neves
person Ramon Targino Firmino
schoolDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil.Federal University of Minas GeraisBrazilBelo Horizonte, MG, BrazilDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil.
person Edja Maria Melo de Brito Costa
person Saul Martins Paiva
schoolDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil.Federal University of Minas GeraisBrazilBelo Horizonte, MG, BrazilDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil.
person Fernanda Morais Ferreira
schoolDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil.Federal University of Minas GeraisBrazilBelo Horizonte, MG, BrazilDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil.
person Ana Flávia Granville-Garcia
Correspondence: Ana Flávia Granville-Garcia, R. Baraúnas, 351 - Universitário, Campina Grande - PB, 58429-500. +558333153326 E-mail:
anaflaviagg@gmail.com
anaflaviagg@gmail.com
SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS
Department of Dentistry, State University of Paraiba(UEPB), Campina Grande PB, BrazilState University of ParaibaBrazilCampina Grande, PB, BrazilDepartment of Dentistry, State University of Paraiba(UEPB), Campina Grande PB, Brazil
Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil.Federal University of Minas GeraisBrazilBelo Horizonte, MG, BrazilDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil.
Tabelas
table_chartTable 1
Individual and school level characteristics of the sample
| Variables | n (%) / Mean (SD) |
|---|---|
| Individual level | |
| Sex | |
| Male | 320 (43.2) |
| Female | 420 (56.8) |
| Guardian’s age | |
| ≤ 38 years | 360 (49.0) |
| > 38 years | 374 (51.0) |
| Mother’s schooling | |
| ≤ 8 years | 426 (58,0) |
| > 8 years | 308 (42,0) |
| Ethnicity | |
| Non-white | 525 (70.9) |
| White | 215 (29.1) |
| Social class | |
| Low | 547 (74.1) |
| High | 191 (25.9) |
| Number of residents in the home | |
| ≥6 residents | 577 (79.3) |
| ≤5 residents | 151 (20.7) |
| Guardian's marital status | |
| Married | 419 (56.8) |
| Unmarried | 319 (43.2) |
| Family cohesion | |
| Enmeshed | 14 (1.9) |
| Connected | 87 (11.8) |
| Separated | 293 (39.6) |
| Disengaged | 346 (46.7) |
| Family adaptability | |
| Chaotic | 194 (26.2) |
| Flexible | 230 (31.1) |
| Structured | 226 (30.5) |
| Rigid | 90 (12.2) |
| Family functioning | |
| Balanced | 226 (30.6) |
| Mid-range | 338 (52.4) |
| Unbalanced | 126 (17.0) |
| School level | |
| Type of school | |
| Public | 492 (66.5) |
| Private | 248 (33.5) |
| Average number of students per class | 28.38 (5.54) |
| Average number of class hours | 6.13 (2.08) |
| Pass rate | 75.24 (15.64) |
| Fail rate | 15.94 (10.05) |
| Grade retention rate | 34.13 (19.25) |
| Teachers with a university degree | 90.74 (10.66) |
| School neighborhood income | 788.18 (358.84) |
table_chartTable 2
Unadjusted robust Poisson regression for the association of individual and school variables with Oral Health Literacy among school adolescents.
| Variables | Mean (SD) | Unadjusted RR* | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oral Health Literacy | |||
| p-value | (95% CI) | ||
| Individual-level | |||
| Sex | |||
| Male | 16.4 (5.81) | 1.00 | |
| Female | 17.4 (5.87) | 0.006** | 1.05 (1.01-1.09) |
| Guardian’s age | |||
| ≤ 38 years | 16.2 (5.95) | 0.005** | 0.94 (0.91-0.98) |
| > 38 years | 17.8 (5.72) | 1.00 | |
| Mother’s schooling | |||
| ≤ 8 years | 15.4 (5.97) | 1.00 | |
| > 8 years | 19.2 (4.96) | <0.001** | 1.13 (1.08-1.18) |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Non-white | 16.6 (5.94) | 1.00 | |
| White | 17.9 (5.59) | 0.613 | 1.01 (0.97-1.05) |
| Social class | |||
| Low | 16.4 (6.11) | 1.00 | |
| High | 18.8 (4.57) | 0.027** | 1.00 (1.00-1.09) |
| Number of residents in the home | |||
| ≥6 residents | 15.7 (6.21) | 1.00 | |
| ≤5 residents | 17.3 (5.74) | 0.144** | 1.03 (0.98-1.08) |
| Type of School | |||
| Private | 20.0 (4.40) | 1.00 | |
| Public | 15.5 (5.94) | <0.001** | 0.79 (0.73-0.84) |
| Guardian’s marital status | |||
| Married | 17.7 (5.79) | 1.00 | |
| Unmarried | 16.0 (5.79) | 0.010** | 0.95 (0.91-0.98) |
| Family cohesion | |||
| Disengaged | 16.2 (6.27) | 1.00 | |
| Separated | 17.3 (5.57) | 0.080** | 1.03 (0.99-1.07) |
| Connected | 18.8 (4.70) | 0.002** | 1.09 (1.03-1.15) |
| Enmeshed | 17.8 (7.89) | 0.658 | 0.97 (0.85-1.10) |
| Family adaptability | |||
| Rigid | 18.2 (5.58) | 1.00 | |
| Structured | 18.0 (5.57) | 0.993 | 0.99 (0.94-1.06) |
| Flexible | 16.4 (5.70) | 0.012** | 0.92 (0.87-0.98) |
| Chaotic | 15.9 (6.27) | <0.001** | 0.89 (0.83-0.94) |
| Family functioning | |||
| Balanced | 18.2 (4.89) | 1.00 | |
| Mid-range | 16.5 (6.11) | <0.001** | 0.92 (0.98-0.96) |
| Unbalanced | 16.4 (6.43) | 0.004** | 0.92 (0.97-0.97) |
| School level | |||
| Average number of students per class | 0.197** | 0.99 (0.98-1.00) | |
| Average number of class hours | 0.276 | 0.97 (0.93-1.02) | |
| Pass rate | <0.001** | 1.00 (1.00-1.01) | |
-
* Unadjusted Rate Ratio (RR) for multilevel Poisson regression to evaluate the association of individual and school level variables with Oral Health Literacy among early adolescents.
-
** Variables included in the multivariate model (p <0,20).
-
Standard Deviation (SD)
-
Confidence Intervals (CI)
-
Rate Ratio (RR)
table_chartTable 3
Multilevel adjusted assessment of oral health literacy among adolescents associating individual and contextual variables
| Model 1 (“null”) | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RR (95% CI) | p-value | RR (95% CI) | p-value | RR (95% CI) | |
| Intercept | 17.72 (16.78-18.71) | 16.11 (14.82-17.52) | 17.65 (15.74-19.79) | ||
| Individual level | |||||
| Sex | |||||
| Male | - | - | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Female | - | 0.002 | 1.06 (1.02-1.10) | 0.018 | 1.05 (1.01-1.10) |
| Guardian’s age | |||||
| ≤ 38 years | - | 0.002 | 0.94 (0.90-0.97) | 0.002 | 0.91 (0.88-0.95) |
| > 38 years | - | - | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Mother’s schooling | |||||
| ≤ 8 years | - | - | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| > 8 years | - | <0.001 | 1.14 (1.09-1.19) | <0.001 | 1.13 (1.08-1.19) |
| Ethnicity | |||||
| Non-white | - | - | - | - | - |
| White | - | - | - | - | - |
| Social class | |||||
| Low | - | - | - | - | - |
| High | - | - | - | - | - |
| Number of residentes in home | |||||
| ≥6 residents | - | - | - | - | - |
| ≤5 residents | - | - | - | - | - |
| Guardian’s marital status | |||||
| Married | - | - | - | - | - |
| Unmarried | - | - | - | - | - |
| Family cohesion | |||||
| Disengaged | - | - | - | - | - |
| Separated | - | - | - | - | - |
| Connected | - | - | - | - | - |
| Enmeshed | - | - | - | - | - |
| Family adaptability | |||||
| Rigid | - | - | - | - | - |
| Structured | - | - | - | - | - |
| Flexible | - | - | - | - | - |
| Chaotic | - | - | - | - | - |
| Family functioning | |||||
| Balanced | - | 0.001 | 0.93 (0.89-0.97) | 0.009 | 1.08 (1.01-1.14) |
| Mid-range | - | 0.004 | 0.92 (0.87-0.97) | - | - |
| Unbalanced | - | - | 1.00 | - | 1.00 |
| School level | |||||
| Type of school | |||||
| Public | - | - | - | - | - |
| Private | - | - | - | - | - |
| Average number of students per class | - | - | - | - | - |
| Average number of class hours | - | - | - | - | - |
| Pass rate | - | - | - | - | - |
| Failure rate | - | - | - | - | - |
| Grade retention rate | - | - | - | 0.007 | 0.99 (0.98-0.99) |
| Teachers with a university degree | - | - | - | - | - |
| School neighborhood income | - | - | - | - | - |
| Deviance | -2519.08 | -2453.42 | -2020.38 | ||
-
Model 1 (“null”): represents the unconditional model; Model 2: represents individual covariates; Model 3: represents subject and school-level covariates.
-
Standard Deviation (SD)
-
Confidence Intervals (CI)
-
Rate Ratio (RR)
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