Prevalence of low back pain and associated factors among physiotherapy students

Morais, Markeyllanne Leocadio; Silva, Vanessa Kely Oliveira; Silva, José Mário Nunes da

doi:10.5935/2595-0118.20180047

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • BrJP 1 (3) • Jul-Sep 2018 • https://doi.org/10.5935/2595-0118.20180047 copy

Prevalence of low back pain and associated factors among physiotherapy students

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Precise estimates about the prevalence of low back pain in college students, especially in physiotherapy students, are necessary to evaluate their development landscape, producing global health indicators for the investigated group and preventing habits that can accelerate the generation of the pain incapacitation process. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the factors associated with low back pain in physiotherapy students.

METHODS:

A total of 410 undergraduate students were surveyed, answering questionnaires relating to socio-demographic data, health aspects, lifestyle and the Nordic Questionnaire for Musculoskeletal Symptoms to determine the presence of low back pain.

RESULTS:

The prevalence of low back pain reported in the last year was 56.3% (95% CI: 51.5-61.2) and was associated with social class A and B, having an occupation, visited the doctor in the last 12 months, self-report of low back pain and to the year in course.

CONCLUSION:

There was a high prevalence of low back pain in university students, so it is suggested that some measures are incorporated to understand the magnitude of the effects caused by this pain, and consequently find the best preventive and intervention strategies.

Keywords:
Low back pain; Musculoskeletal pain; Prevalence; Risk factors; Students

Variables	Total		Low back pain (%)	PR	CI95%	p value^* MW = minimum wage (R$937,00),
Variables	n	%	Low back pain (%)	PR	CI95%	p value^* MW = minimum wage (R$937,00),
Gender						0.214
Male	111	27.1	51.4	1.0
Female	299	72.9	58.2	1.13	0.92-1.39
Age group (years)						0.658
17-20	139	33.9	53.2	1.0
21-24	177	43.2	58.2	1.06	0.89-1.26
25 or +	94	22.9	57.4	1.03	0.84-1.25
Marital status						0.680
Single/divorced	333	81.2	55.9	1.0
Married/domestic partnership	77	18.8	58.4	1.05	0.85-1.29
Race/color						0.442
White	76	18.5	50.0	1.0
Black	74	18.0	59.5	1.07	0.87-1.32
Brown	260	63.4	57.3	1.05	0.88-1.25
Practice of a religion						0.239
No	105	25.6	51.4	1.0
Yes	305	74.4	58.0	1.13	0.92-1.39
Family Income (MW)						0.277
Less than 1	49	12.0	44.9	1.0
1-2	243	59.3	56.4	1.01	0.84-1.19
3-5	95	23.2	60.0	1.09	0.90-1.32
More than 5	23	5.6	65.2	1.17	0.86-1.60
Social class						0.017
C and D	170	41.5	49.4	1.0
A and B	240	58.5	61.3	1.24	1.03-1.49
Place of residence						0.394
Parents or relatives	268	65.4	59.0	1.0
Rooming house or friends	69	16.8	47.8	0.82	0.63-1.07
Alone	12	2.9	50.0	0.88	0.50-1.57
Others	61	14.19	55.7	1.04	0.81-1.32
Number of residents in the domicile						0.776
Up to 3	196	47.8	55.6	1.0	1.0
4 or +	214	52.2	57.0	1.03	0.86-1.22
Has children
No	338	82.4	55.6	1.0
Yes	72	17.6	59.7	1.07	0.87-1.33
Has an occupation						0.113
No	222	54.1	59.9	1.0
Yes	188	45.9	52.1	0.87	0.73-1.04
Course year						0.011
1^st	67	16.3	37.3	1.0
2^nd	67	16.3	55.2	0.98	0.77-1.23
3^rd	100	24.4	60.0	1.09	0.90-1.31
4^th	110	26.8	60.0	1.09	0.91-1.31
5^th	66	16.1	65.2	1.19	0.98-1.46
Total	410	100.0

	Total		Low back pain (%)	PR	CI95%	p value^* * Pearson's Chi-square test; PR = prevalence ratio; CI95% = confidence interval of 95%.
	n	%^* * Pearson's Chi-square test; PR = prevalence ratio; CI95% = confidence interval of 95%.	Low back pain (%)	PR	CI95%
Practice of physical activity						0.022
Yes	162	39.5	49.4	1.0
No	248	60.5	60.9	1.23	1.02-1.48
Alcohol consumption						0.262
No	203	49.5	59.1	1.0
Yes	207	50.5	53.6	0.91	0.77-1.08
Smoking						0.798
No	357	87.1	56.6	1.0
Yes	53	12.9	54.7	0.97	0.74-1.26
Nutritional status						0.861
Low weight	43	10.5	55.8	0.99	0.75-1.32
Eutrophic	274	66.8	55.1	1.0
Overweight	80	19.5	60.0	1.08	0.88-1.33
Obesity	13	3.2	61.5	1.10	0.71-1.70
Use of illicit drugs						0.519
No	386	94.1	56.7	1.0
Yes	24	5.9	50.0	0.88	0.58-1.33
Healthcare insurance						0.821
No	337	82.2	56.1	1.0
Yes	73	17.8	57.5	1.03	0.82-1.28
Went to the doctor in the past 12 months						<0.001
No	102	24.9	41.2	1.0
Yes	308	75.1	61.4	1.49	1.16-1.91
Morbidities						0.157
None	339	82.7	54.3	1.0
1	35	8.5	62.9	1.18	0.92-1.53
2 or +	36	8.8	69.4	1.26	1.00-1.60
Satisfaction with the sleep						0.941
Very satisfied	34	8.3	50.0	1.0
Satisfied	121	29.5	56.2	1.01	0.83-1.20
Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied	112	27.3	58.0	1.04	0.86-1.26
Dissatisfied	101	24.6	57.4	1.03	0.84-1.25
Very dissatisfied	42	10.2	54.8	0.97	0.73-1.29
Self-perceived health						0.513
Excellent	47	11.5	59.6	1.0
Very good	64	15.6	59.4	1.06	0.85-1.33
Good	166	40.5	53.6	0.92	0.77-1.10
Regular	64	15.6	55.3	0.97	0.81-1.18
Bad	47	11.5	80.0	1.43	1.04-1.98
Feel stressed						0.254
Never	13	3.2	53.8	1.0
Rarely	61	14.9	52.6	0.73	0.54-0.98
Sometimes	196	47.8	55.6	0.98	0.82-1.16
Often	75	18.3	62.7	1.14	0.93-1.39
Always	65	15.9	64.6	1.18	0.96-1.45
Self-reported low back pain						<0.001
Never	41	10.0	22.0	1.0
Rarely	65	15.9	40.0	0.67	0.49-0.92
Infrequently	98	23.9	53.1	0.92	0.75-1.14
Frequently	125	30.5	69.6	1.38	1.17-1.62
Always	81	18.9	70.4	1.33	1.12-1.58

Variables	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
Variables	PR (CI95%)	PR (CI95%)	PR (CI95%)
Gender
Male	1,0	1,0	1,0
Female	1.13 (0.92-1.38)	0.97 (0.80-1.17)	0.95 (0.79-1.15)
Social class
C and D	1,0	1,0	1,0
A and B	1.25 (1.05-1.50)	1.26 (1.06-1.50)	1.25 (1.05-1.47)
Has an occupation
No	1,0	1,0	1,0
Yes	0.86 (0.72-1.02)	0.83 (0.70-0.98)	0.80 (0.67-0.95)
Practice physical activity
Yes		1,0	1,0
No		1.09 (0.91-1.31)	1.08 (0.90-1.30)
Went to the doctor in the past 12 months
No		1,0	1,0
Yes		1.42 (1.13-1.80)	1.40 (1.11-1.76)
Morbidities
None		1,0	1,0
1		1.06 (0.82-1.39)	1.01 (0.78-1.31)
2 or +		1.13 (0.91-1.41)	1.09 (0.87-1.37)
Self-reported low back pain
Never		1,0	1,0
Rarely		1.77 (0.94-3.32)	1.71 (0.92-3.21)
Infrequently		2.33 (1.28-4.22)	2.29 (1.27-4.12)
Frequently		2.89 (1.61-5.17)	2.80 (1.57-4.99)
Always		3.14 (1.75-5.63)	3.13 (1.75-5.61)
Course year
1^st			1,0
2^nd			1.35 (0.95-1.91)
3^rd			1.39 (1.02-1.89)
4^th			1.52 (1.11-2.09)
5^th			1.66 (1.20-2.28)

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[1] Correspondece to: José Mário Nunes da Silva Departamento de Medicina Comunitária Av. Frei Serafim 2280 - Centro 64001-020 Teresina, PI, Brasil. E-mail: zemariu@hotmail.com