Uso de revestimento comestível à base de pectina contendo ácido giberélico na conservação pós-colheita de tomates frescos

Flores, Karina Sayuri Ueda; Oliveira, Igor Gabriel Silva; Souza, Vinicius Nelson Barboza de; Garcia, Vitor Augusto dos Santos; Altemio, Ângela Dulce Cavenaghi; Martelli, Silvia Maria

RESUMO

Revestimentos comestíveis são comumente utilizados pois minimizam perdas pós-colheita e prolongam a vida útil dos frutos. Neste estudo, analisou-se o efeito de coberturas comestíveis contendo ácido giberélico (GA₃) na vida útil de tomates (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Dividiu-se os tomates em seis grupos: Não revestidos (CT); revestimento com 75 e 100 mg L^-1 de GA₃ sem adição de pectina (A75 e A100); revestimento com 75 e 100 mg L^-1 de GA₃ com adição de pectina (P75 e P100); revestimento com pectina (PEC). Revestimentos à base de pectina (PEC, P75 e P100) foram produzidos solubilizando a pectina (3%) em água, seguida da adição das concentrações de GA₃. Os tratamentos A75 e A100 foram preparados com água destilada e 75 e 100 mg L^-1 de GA₃. Os tomates (fase de viragem) foram imersos nas soluções durante 3 minutos, secos à temperatura ambiente e armazenados a 12 ° C (90% UR). O pH, acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis, cor e perda de massa foram analisados a cada quatro dias durante 32 dias, e a firmeza a cada sete dias durante 35 dias. As coberturas com GA₃ mantiveram a firmeza, retardaram a perda de massa e diminuíram a acidez, pH, teor de açúcar e as alterações de cor. Revestimentos à base de pectina (P75, P100) foram os mais eficazes em retardar a perda de peso. A aplicação deste revestimento retardou o amadurecimento, manteve a qualidade e prolongou a vida útil dos frutos. É uma técnica economicamente viável, podendo ser utilizada comercialmente.

Termos para indexação:
Biopolímeros; giberelinas; tecnologia de materiais; vida de prateleira.

[1] ^*Corresponding author: karina-ueda@hotmail.com

Treatments	Pectin (g/100 mL)	Sorbitol (g/100 g)	Gibberellic acid (g/100 mL)
CT	0.0	0.0	0.0000
A75	0.0	0.0	0.0075
A100	0.0	0.0	0.0100
PEC	3.0	0.6	0.0000
P75	3.0	0.6	0.0075
P100	3.0	0.6	0.0100

Analysis	Time (Days)	Treatments
Analysis	Time (Days)	CT	A75	A100	PEC	P75	P100
TA (g citric acid/100 g of sample)	0	0.43^aA±0.00	0.43^aA±0.00	0.43^aA ±0.00	0.43^aA ±0.00	0.43^aA ±0.00	0.43^aA ±0.00
	4	0.36^aC ±0.01	0.27^cdG ±0.00	0.28^cD ±0.00	0.24^eD ±0.00	0.32^bC ±0.01	0.25^deDE ±0.00
	8	0.39^abB ±0.01	0.36^bC ±0.01	0.40^aB ±0.01	0.29^cB ±0.01	0.29^cDE ±0.00	0.29^cBC ±0.01
	12	0.30^bE ±0.00	0.33^aD ±0.01	0.31^bC ±0.01	0.27^cC ±0.00	0.34^aB ±0.00	0.27^cCD ±0.01
	16	0.28^bEF ±0.01	0.30^aEF ±0.0	0.22^cdEF ±0.00	0.23^cD ±0.00	0.30^aD ±0.00	0.21^deF ±0.00
	20	0.33^aD ±0.00	0.31^bE ±0.01	0.20^dF ±0.00	0.24^cD ±0.00	0.30^bD ±0.00	0.24^cE ±0.00
	24	0.29^bEF ±0.00	0.38^aB ±0.00	0.21^dEF ±0.00	0.24^cD ±0.00	0.30^bDE ±0.00	0.30^bB ±0.00
	28	0.27^aF ±0.01	0.29^aEFG ±0.00	0.22^bE ±0.00	0.23^bD ±0.01	0.24^bF ±0.00	0.24^bE ±0.00
	32	0.22^bcG ±0.01	0.28^aFG ±0.01	0.22^cEF ±0.00	0.24^bD ±0.01	0.28^aE ±0.00	0.24^bE ±0.00
pH	0	3.93^aE ±0.01	3.93^aE ±0.01	3.93^aF ±0.01	3.93^aF ±0.01	3.93^aF ±0.01	3.93^aE ±0,01
	4	3.97^cD ±0.01	3.99^cD ±0.01	3.97^cE ±0.01	4.18^aCDE ±0.01	4.06^bE ±0.01	4.08^bD ±0.02
	8	4.04^dC ±0.00	4.09^cC ±0.00	4.09^cD ±0.00	4.21^aBCD ±0.01	4.08^cDE ±0.00	4.13^bC ±0.02
	12	4.21^abB ±0.02	4.09^cC ±0.00	4.18^bC ±0.00	4.23^aB ±0.00	4.11^cCD ±0.01	4.22^aB ±0.00
	16	4.28^aA ±0.00	4.16^cA ±0.01	4.20^bBC ±0.01	4.28^aA ±0.00	4.22^bAB ±0.00	4.29^aA ±0.00
	20	4.29^abA ±0.01	4.12^dB ±0.00	4.20^cC ±0.01	4.18^cDE ±0.02	4.25^bA ±0.00	4.31^aA ±0.01
	24	4.28^aA ±0.00	4.18^dA ±0.00	4.23^bB ±0.01	4.16^dE ±0.00	4.21^cB ±0.00	4.23^bB ±0.00
	28	4.18^bB ±0.00	4.10^cBC ±0.01	4.27^aA ±0.01	4.17^bE ±0.01	4.09^cCD ±0.00	4.11^cCD ±0.00
	32	4.30^bcG ±0.01	4.18^aFG ±0.01	4.27^cEF ±0.00	4.22^bD ±0.01	4.12^aE ±0.00	4.20^bE ±0.00
TSS (°Brix)	0	4.00^aC ±0.00	4.00^aC ±0.00	4.00^aB ±0.00	4.00^aC ±0.00	4.00^aBC ±0.00	4.00^aB ±0.00
	4	4.00^abC ±0.00	3.93^bCD ±0.05	3.97^abB ±0.05	4.00^abC ±0.00	4.13^aAB ±0.09	3,97^abB ±0.05
	8	4.25^aB ±0.00	3.50^cE ±0.00	3.97^bB ±0.05	4.00^bC ±0.00	3.97^bC ±0.05	4.00^bB ±0.00
	12	3.75^cD ±0.00	3.83^bcD ±0.12	4.25^aA ±0.00	4.25^aB ±0.00	3.97^bC ±0.05	4.25^aA ±0.00
	16	4.00^cC ±0.00	4.50^aA ±0.00	4.00^cB ±0.00	4.23^bB ±0.02	4.25^bA ±0.00	3.97^cB ±0.05
	20	3.50^bE ±0.00	3.50^bE ±0.00	4.00^aB ±0.00	3.50^bD ±0.00	3.97^aC ±0.05	3.97^aB ±0.05
	24	3.75^aD ±0.00	3.25^aF ±0.00	3.75^aC ±0.00	4.00^aC ±0.00	3.75^aD ±0.00	3.75^aC ±0.00
	28	4.23^aB ±0.02	3.97^bCD ±0.05	3.75^cC ±0.00	3.97^bC ±0.05	3.97^bC ±0.05	4.25^aA ±0.00
	32	4.75^aA ±0.00	4.23^cB ±0.02	4.25^cA ±0.00	4.50^Ba ±0.00	4.25^cA ±0.00	4.25^cA ±0.00

Analysis	Time (Days)	Treatments
Analysis	Time (Days)	CT	A75	A100	PEC	P75	P100
L	0	50.26^abA ±1.55	48.68^bcA ±0.30	51.50^aA ±0.91	49.86^abcA ±0.88	48.54^cA ±1.60	49.83^abcA ±0.65
	4	47.15^abB ±2.22	47.29^abAB ±0.84	48.56^aB ±0.66	43.90^cCDE ±1.49	4521^bcB ±0.74	4764^aB ±1.66
	8	48.81^aAB ±0.86	45.20^bcCDE ±0.94	48.36^aB ±1.29	46.76^bB ±0.73	45.03^cBC ±0.77	46.51^bcBC ±1.24
	12	48.17^aAB ±0.87	46.02^bBC ±0.97	48.16^aB ±0.97	45.51^bBCD ±1.98	45.13^bBC ±1.17	45.91^bC ±1.06
	16	43.92^cC ±1.39	45.63^bCD ±0.86	47.40^aBC ±0.98	46.02^bBC ±0.74	44.73^bcBC ±0.39	45.83^bC ±0.36
	20	43.48^cC ±1.53	45.84^abBCD ±1.00	47.51^aBC ±1.02	45.60^bBC ±0.96	44.50^bcBC ±1.16	44.83^bcC ±0.53
	24	42.58^abC ±0.98	44.94^abCDE ±1.13	47.51^abCD ±0.72	43.87^bCDE ±1.42	43.20^bC ±1.55	45.55^aC ±1.33
	28	44.20^abC ±1.89	44.48^abDE ±0.76	44.54^abD ±1.18	43.23^bDE ±1.79	43.26^bBC ±0.99	46.19^aBC ±0.72
	32	42.75^bC ±1.14	43.99^abE ±0.84	45.64^aD ±0.93	42.82^bE ±1.59	44.48^abBC ±1.43	45.42^aC ±0.85
a*	0	2.06^aD ±0.76	2.87^aF ±0.96	2.22^aF ±0.41	2.30^aD ±1.07	2.71^aD ±0.92	2.30^aE ±0.54
	4	939^aCT ±1.00	5.79^bE ±0.71	3.28^cF ±0.72	5.45^bBC ±1.27	5.58^bC ±1.17	3.81^cDE ±0.99
	8	957^aBC ±1.15	6.59^bDE ±0.71	3.71^cEF ±0.61	4.60^cCD ±0.797	5.38^bcC ±1.40	4.48^cCDE ±1.49
	12	970^aBC ±0.35	7.17^bCDE ±1.49	3.66^cEF ±0.56	5.11^bBC ±1.97	6.93^bBC ±0.81	4.79^cCDE ±1.79
	16	1019^aBC ±0.68	8.16^bCD ±1.39	5.43^cDE ±0.35	5.38^cBC ±1.60	8.10^bAB ±0.60	5.59^cBCD ±1.60
	20	1054^aBC ±0.53	8.10^bCD ±1.36	6.10^bCD ±0.91	6.05^bBC ±1.65	8.07^bAB ±0.88	6.90^bABC ±2.11
	24	1027^aBC ±1.23	9.05^abBC ±0.81	7.80^bcBC ±2.39	6.06^cBC ±0.91	8.17^abcAB ±1.18	7.78^bcAB ±0.94
	28	1087^aB ±0.63	10.96^aAB ±1.76	9.15^abAB ±1.76	7.80^bAB ±2.29	9.00^abcA ±1.33	7.95^bAB ±0.93
	32	1249^aA ±0.44	11.21^abA ±1.09	9.98^abA ±1.05	9.19^bA ±1.99	9.18^bA ±1.21	8.86^bA ±2.71
b*	0	20.15^bD ±1.13	25.51^aABC ±1.41	22.34^bBC ±1.97	26.61^aABC ±0.73	22.21^bBC ±2.51	25.84^aB ±1.36
	4	22.85^cdABC ±1.22	26.30^abA ±2.05	20.29^dCD ±1.11	23.73^bcCD ±2.12	25.87^abA ±1.63	27.79^aAB ±2.64
	8	23.84^cAB ±0.97	19.97^dE ±1.03	22.76^cB ±0.88	30.22^aA ±1.06	23.86^cAB ±0.96	27.89^bAB ±2.54
	12	23.06^bcABC ±1.58	25.87^abAB ±1.20	25.52^abA ±1.84	26.74^aABC ±2.07	22.34^cBC ±2.87	27.96^aAB ±1.37
	16	22.67^cdABC ±0.70	23.90^bcBCD ±1.26	20.99^deBC ±0.75	25.32^bBC ±2.26	19.93^eC ±1.34	30.34^aA ±1.37
	20	25.01^abA ±2.75	23.23^bcCD ±1.78	22.77^bcB ±0.94	28.69^aAB ±1.65	20.51^cC ±1.16	28.94^aAB ±1.78
	24	21.07^bcCD ±1.04	2236^bD ±.24	21.45^bcBC ±.53	20.84^bcD ±2.63	20.02^eC ±1.13	28.80^aAB ±2.51
	28	21.84^bcBCD ±1.58	22.57^bD ±1.14	18.27^dD ±1.05	23.75^bCD ±2.76	19.40^cdC ±1.86	27.77^aAB ±1.09
	32	21.66^bBCD ±1.09	18.97^cE ±1.01	21.93^bBC ±0.65	24.22^bCD ±2.39	22.06^bBC ±2.51	28.92^aAB ±1.88
ΔE	0	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	4	8.40	3.25	3.10	6.75	6.75	3.47
	8	8.49	5.70	3.53	3.83	5.31	4.60
	12	8.44	5.11	3.67	5.31	5.59	5.22
	16	10.61	6.25	5.25	4.90	6.53	7.05
	20	11.89	6.15	5.52	5.47	6.60	7.61
	24	11.50	7.58	7.73	7.07	7.48	7.72
	28	10.82	9.47	9.66	8.52	8.16	7.14
	32	12.93	10.00	9.84	9.79	7.70	8.64
h°	0	1.47^aA ±0.03	1.46^aA ±0.03	1.47^aA ±0.01	1.49^aA ±0.04	1.45^aA ±0.03	1.48^aA ±0.02
	4	1.182^cBC ±0.02	1.35^aA ±0.01	1.41^aA ±0.02	1.35^bCD ±0.03	1.36^bB ±0.03	1.44^aAB ±0.02
	8	1.19^dB ±0.03	1.25^aA ±0.02	1.41^aA ±0.02	1.42^aAB ±0.02	1.35^bB ±0.05	1.41^aB ±0.04
	12	1.17^cBC ±0.01	1.30^aA ±0.04	1.43^aA ±0.01	1.39^aBC ±0.06	1.27^bC ±0.02	1.40^aBC ±0.05
	16	1.15^dCD ±0.01	1.24^bB ±0.04	1.32^bB ±0.01	1.36^aBC ±0.04	1.18^dDE ±0.01	1.39^aBC ±0.04
	20	1.17^dBC ±0.27	1.24^bB ±0.03	1.31^bB ±0.03	1.37^aBC ±0.04	1.20^cdD ±0.02	1.34^abCD ±0.03
	24	1.12^dDE ±0.03	1.19^bcC ±0.03	1.23^bcC ±0.08	1.29^abDE ±0.01	1.18^cDE ±0.03	1.31^aD ±0.02
	28	1.11^bE ±0.01	1.12^bD ±0.05	1.11^bD ±0.08	1.26^aEF ±0.05	1.14^bE ±0.03	1.29^aD ±0.02
	32	1.05^dF ±0.01	1.04^cD ±0.02	1.14^cD ±0.03	1.21^bF ±0.04	1.18^bcDE ±0.02	1.28^aD ±0.07

Brasil

Brasil

Uso de revestimento comestível à base de pectina contendo ácido giberélico na conservação pós-colheita de tomates frescos

RESUMO