O efeito de tarefa na produção do ritmo por estudantes cantonenses de português como L2

Sun, Yuqi; Zhang, Cong

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Articles • DELTA 38 (3) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-460X202258943 copiar

O efeito de tarefa na produção do ritmo por estudantes cantonenses de português como L2

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

Este estudo examina a produção oral em português como L2 produzida por oito falantes nativos cantonenses de Macau, China. Os objetivos deste estudo são investigar (1) se o ritmo da fala em português L2 se aproxima da língua de partida (i.e., cantonense) ou do da língua de chegada (português), e (2) se o ritmo da fala L2 difere entre três tarefas diferentes: leitura, recontagem e interpretação. Sete métricas de ritmo, i.e., %V, ΔC, ΔV, VarcoC, VarcoV, rPVI_C, e nPVI_V foram adotadas para comparação e investigação. Os resultados mostraram que o ritmo do português como L2 produzido pelos falantes cantonenses diferia do ritmo dos falantes cuja L1 é português. O apagamento de r e a vogal epentética são as razões para as variabilidades da produção de L2 português pelos falantes cantonenses, pois propriedades estas afetam a duração e o número dos intervalos vocálicos e consonantais. Além disso, na produção destes falantes, as tarefas semi-espontâneas (recontagem e interpretação) apresentaram uma diferença significativa em relação à tarefa de leitura. A força motriz de tal diferença é a carga cognitiva por detrás das tarefas.

Palavras-chave:
ritmo da fala L2; Português; Cantonense; efeito de tarefa; carga cognitiva

	Speakers			Task(s) & Materials	Metrics
	Number & Gender	Age	Language(s)	Task(s) & Materials	Metrics
Frota & Vigário (2001Frota, S., & Vigário, M. (2001). On the correlates of rhythmic distinctions: The European/Brazilian Portuguese case. Probus, 13(2), 247-275. https://doi.org/10.1515/prbs.2001.005. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1515/... )	5 female	20s-30s	L1 Portuguese	reading short sentences	%V, ∆C, ∆V, ∆%C, ∆%V
Mok & Dellwo (2008Mok, P., & Dellwo, V. (2008). Comparing native and non-native speech rhythm using acoustic rhythmic measures: Cantonese, Beijing Mandarin and English. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Speech Prosody, 423-426.)	6 (3 male+3 female)	undergraduate/ postgra-duate students	L1 Cantonese; L2 English	“The North Wind and the Sun”	ΔC, ΔV, %V, VarcoC, VarcoV, rPVI_C, nPVI_V^*
	6 (3 male+3 female)		L1 Cantonese; L2 English	reading and retelling in L1;
	6 (3 male+3 female)		L1 Mandarin; L2 English	reading and retelling in L1;
	6 (3 male+3 female)		L1 Mandarin; L2 English	reading the English version
Mok (2009Mok, P. (2009). On the syllable-timing of Cantonese and Beijing Mandarin. Chinese Journal of Phonetics , 2(May), 148-154.)	6 (3 male+3 female)		L1 Cantonese	“The North Wind and the Sun”
	6 (3 male+3 female)		L1 Mandarin	reading and retelling in L1
Current study	8 (5 female+ 3 male)	24-33	L1 Cantonese; L2 Portuguese	reading “The North Wind and the Sun” (version proposed by the authors);	ΔC, ΔV, %V, VarcoC, VarcoV, rPVI_C, nPVI_V
				retelling the same story;
				sight interpreting news passage

Metrics		Formula & Definition	Source
Interval Measures	%V	$% V = \frac{s u m V}{u t t e r a n c e d u r a n t i o n}$	Ramus et al. (1999Ramus, F., Nespor, M., & Mehler, J. (1999). Correlates of linguistic rhythm in the speech signal. Cognition, 73, 265-292. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-0277(00)00101-3. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/... )
	%V	the proportion of vocalic intervals within the sentence, that is, the sum of vocalic intervals divided by the total duration of the sentence
	ΔV	$Δ V = \sqrt{\frac{1}{n}} \sum_{i = 1}^{n} {(V_{i} - m e a n V)}^{2}$
	ΔV	the standard deviation of total duration of vocalic intervals within each utterance
	ΔC	$Δ C = \sqrt{\frac{1}{n}} \sum_{i = 1}^{n} {(C_{i} - m e a n C)}^{2}$
	ΔC	the standard deviation of total duration of consonantal intervals within each sentence
	VarcoC	$V a r c o C = \frac{Δ C}{m e a n C} \times 100$	Dellwo & Wagner (2003Dellwo, V., & Wagner, P. (2003, August 3-9). Relations between language rhythm and speech rate [Paper presentation]. The 15th International Congress of Phonetics Science (ICPhS), Barcelona, Spain. https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/111779/1/DellwoWagner_2003_ICPhS.pdf. https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/111779... )
		(C is the duration of consonantal intervals)
		the normalized standard deviation of consonantal interval durations divided by the mean consonantal duration, multiplied by 100
	VarcoV	$V a r c o V = \frac{Δ V}{m e a n V} \times 100$
		(V is the duration of consonantal intervals)
		the normalized standard deviation of vocalic interval durations divided by the mean vocalic duration, multiplied by 100
Pairwise Variability Indices	rPVI_C	$r P V I = \frac{(\sum_{k = 1}^{m - 1} \|d_{k} - d_{k + 1}\|)}{(m - 1)}$	Grabe & Low (2002Grabe, E., & Low, E. L. (2002). Durational variability in speech and the rhythm class hypothesis. In C. Gussenhoven, & N. Warner (Eds.), Laboratory Phonology VII Vol. 7 (pp. 515-546). Mouton de Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110197105.2.515. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1515/... )
		(m is the number of intervals in the text; d is the duration of the kth item/interval)
		the mean of the differences between consecutive consonantal intervals, which is not normalized for speech rate
	nPVI_V	$n P V I = 100 \times [\frac{\sum_{k = 1}^{m - 1} \|\frac{\frac{d_{k} - d_{k + 1}}{(d_{k} + d_{k + 1})}}{2}\|}{(m - 1)}]$
		(m is the number of intervals in the text; d is the duration of the kth item/interval)
		mean of the differences between consecutive vowel intervals divided by the sum of the same intervals, then multiplied by 100

	Current study			Frota & Vigário, 2001Frota, S., & Vigário, M. (2001). On the correlates of rhythmic distinctions: The European/Brazilian Portuguese case. Probus, 13(2), 247-275. https://doi.org/10.1515/prbs.2001.005. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1515/...	Mok, 2009Mok, P. (2009). On the syllable-timing of Cantonese and Beijing Mandarin. Chinese Journal of Phonetics , 2(May), 148-154. ; Mok & Dellwo, 2008Mok, P., & Dellwo, V. (2008). Comparing native and non-native speech rhythm using acoustic rhythmic measures: Cantonese, Beijing Mandarin and English. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Speech Prosody, 423-426.
	L2 Portuguese reading	L2 Portuguese retelling	L2 Portuguese interpreting	L1 Portuguese sentence reading	L1 Cantonese reading	L1 Cantonese retelling
Interval measures
ΔC	55.40 (27.2)	55.17 (32.2)	59.88 (34.3)	54.6 (14.55)	41	40
ΔV	89.09 (47.2)	105.4 (65.0)	93.83 (64.1)	40.2 (14.10)	-	-
%V	62.04 (10.6)	66.59 (15.3)	60.73 (16.0)	48.0 (5.04)	55	57
VarcoC	50.91	51.91	52.71	-	48.5	49
VarcoV	51.76	55.42	55.31	-	-	-
Pairwise variability indices
rPVI_C	19.21	30.21	30.61	-	49	45
nPVI_V	9.01	20.60	17.60	-	43	48

word	meaning	IPA	canonical pronunciation in L1
por [um lado]	in one hand	pu[ũˈɫa.du]	Puɾ [ˈũˈɫa.du]
por [exemplo]	for example	puiˈzẽplu	puɾ iˈzẽplu
reproduzir	reproduce	ʀəpruduˈzi	ʀəpruduˈzir
tirar	remove	tiˈra	tiˈrar
reduzir	reduce	ʀəduˈzi	ʀəduˈzir

position	word	meaning	IPA	canonical pronunciation in L1
at the right edge of a word	passar	to pass	pɐˈsarɨ	pɐˈsar
	obrigar	to force	ɔbriˈɡarɨ	ɔbriˈɡar
	reconhecer	recognize	ʀəkuɲəˈserɨ	ʀəkuɲəˈser
	matar	to kill	mɐˈtarɨ	mɐˈtar
	transmitir	transmitting	tr ɐ̃ʒmiˈtirɨ	tr ɐ̃ʒmiˈtir
in consonant clusters	reproduzir	reproduce	ʀəpɨruduˈziɾ	ʀəpruduˈziɾ
	proteína	protein	pɨrɔtɐˈinɐ	prɔtɐˈinɐ
	primeiramente	firstly	pɨrimɐjrɐˈmẽtɨ	primɐjrɐˈmẽtɨ
	encontrar	to meet	ẽkõtɨˈraɾ	ẽkõˈtraɾ
	Brasil	Brazil	bɨrɐˈziɫ	brɐˈziɫ

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E-mail: delta@pucsp.br

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[1] Conflict of interests

The authors declare they have no conflict of interest.