The relationship between physical frailty and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of elderly

Lenardt, Maria Helena; Carneiro, Nathalia Hammerschmidt Kolb; Binotto, Maria Angélica; Setoguchi, Larissa Sayuri; Cechinel, Clovis

doi:10.5935/1414-8145.20150078

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RESEARCH • Esc. Anna Nery 19 (4) • Oct-Dec 2015 • https://doi.org/10.5935/1414-8145.20150078 copy

The relationship between physical frailty and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of elderly

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective:

To investigate the association between the syndrome of physical frailty and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of elderly users of the basic health care.

Methods:

Cross-sectional quantitative study. The sample was calculated based on the estimated population proportion and consisted of 203 elderly users of the Basic Health Unit. Tests were applied for screening of cognitive impairment, assessment of physical frailty and sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire.

Results:

The age and education variables appeared as significant for the group of frail elderlies. The gender, health problems, loneliness, falls and urinary incontinence variables were statistically significant for the non-frail ones.

Conclusion:

Frailty was related to the sociodemographic variables age and education and non-frailty was related to gender and clinical variables, such as health problems, loneliness, falls and urine incontinence. The identification of the variables associated with frailty allows the development of interventions and specific care for the management of frailty.

Keywords:
Frail elderly; Demographic data; Geriatric Nursing

Variable	Classification	Total n (%)	Frail n (%)	Pre-frail (%)	Non-frail n (%)	p-value
Sex	Male	99 (48.7)	10 (25.6)	42 (36.5)	28 (57.1)	< 0.001^* * Chi-squared test, p ≤ 0.05, significant variables.
Sex	Female	104 (51.3)	29 (74.4)	73 (63.5)	21 (42.9)
Age	60 to 69 years	100 (49.2)	6 (15.4)	65 (56.5)	29 (59.2)	< 0.001^* * Chi-squared test, p ≤ 0.05, significant variables.
	70 to 79 years	73 (36)	17 (43.6)	39 (33.9)	17 (34.7)
	≥ 80 years	30 (14.8)	16 (41)	11 (9.6)	3 (6.1)
Marital status	Married	103 (50.7)	16 (41)	59 (51.3)	28 (57.1)	0.112
	Divorced	16 (7.8)	0 (0)	10 (8.7)	6 (12.2)
	Single	13 (6.5)	4 (10.3)	6 (5.2)	3 (6.1)
	Widow (er)	71 (35)	19 (48.7)	40 (34.8)	12 (24.5)
Who they live with	Partner	45 (22.2)	6 (15.4)	30 (26.1)	9 (18.4)	0.447
	Family member	125 (61.6)	25 (64.1)	66 (57.4)	34 (69.4)
	Alone	33 (16.2)	8 (20.5)	19 (16.5)	6 (12.2)
Educational level	Illiterate	27 (13.3)	11 (28.2)	14 (12.2)	2 (4.1)	0.035^* * Chi-squared test, p ≤ 0.05, significant variables.
	Unfinished Elementary School	121 (59.7)	24 (61.5)	69 (60)	28 (57.1)
	Finished Elementary School	18 (8.9)	1 (2.6)	10 (8.7)	7 (14.3)
	Unfinished High School	6 (3)	1 (2.6)	3 (2.6)	2 (4.1)
	Finished High School and University degree	31 (15.1)	2 (5.1)	19 (16.5)	10 (20.4)
Financial support	Unsatisfactory	58 (28.5)	9 (23.1)	36 (31.3)	13 (26.5)	0.649
	Median	79 (39)	19 (71.8)	42 (36.5)	18 (36.7)
	Satisfactory	66 (32.5)	11 (28.2)	37 (32.2)	18 (36.7)
Total		203 (100)	39 (100)	115 (100)	49 (100)

Variable	Classification	Total n (%)	Frail n (%)	Pre-frail n (%)	Non-frail n (%)	p-value
Health problems	Yes	180 (88.6)	38 (97.4)	104 (90.4)	38 (77.6)	< 0.001^* * Chi-squared test, p ≤ 0.05, significant variables.
Health problems	No	23 (11.4)	1 (2.6)	11 (9.6)	11 (22.4)
Loneliness	Yes	52 (25.6)	16 (41)	32 (27.8)	4 (8.2)	0.001^* * Chi-squared test, p ≤ 0.05, significant variables.
Loneliness	No	151 (74.4)	23 (59)	83 (72.2)	45 (91.8)
Falls in the last year	Yes	61 (30.1)	16 (41)	37 (32.2)	8 (16.3)	0.003^* * Chi-squared test, p ≤ 0.05, significant variables.
Falls in the last year	No	142 (69.9)	23 (59)	78 (67.8)	41 (83.7)
Urinary incontinence	Yes	58 (29.1)	18 (46.2)	34 (29.6)	6 (12.2)	0.001^* * Chi-squared test, p ≤ 0.05, significant variables.
Urinary incontinence	No	145 (70.9)	21 (53.8)	81 (70.4)	43 (87.8)
Smoker	Yes	18 (8.8)	3 (7.7)	9 (7.8)	6 (12.2)	0.633
Smoker	No	185 (91.2)	36 (92.3)	106 (92.2)	43 (87.8)	0.633
Alcoholic	Yes	27 (13.3)	3 (7.7)	15 (13)	9 (18.4)	0.339
Alcoholic	No	176 (86.7)	36 (92.3)	100 (87)	40 (81.6)	0.339
Assistive Technologies	Yes	11 (5.4)	5 (12.8)	6 (5.2)	0 (0)	0.085
Assistive Technologies	No	192 (94.6)	34 (87.2)	109 (94.8)	49 (100)	0.085
Medications	Yes	179 (88.1)	38 (97.4)	101 (87.8)	40 (81.6)	0.073
Medications	No	24 (11.9)	1 (2.6)	14 (12.2)	9 (18.4)	0.073
Hospitalization in the last year	Yes	35 (17.2)	6 (15.4)	24 (20.9)	5 (10.2)	0.239
Hospitalization in the last year	No	168 (82.8)	33 (84.6)	91 (79.1)	44 (89.8)	0.239
Total		203 (100)	39 (100)	115 (100)	49 (100)

Compared groups	Sex	Age	Education	Health problems	Loneliness	Falls	Urinary incontinence
Frail x pre-frail	0.244	< 0.001^* * Bonferroni correction, p ≤ 0.017.	0.063	0.297	0.161	0.334	0.077
Frail x non-frail	0.005^* * Bonferroni correction, p ≤ 0.017.	< 0.001^* * Bonferroni correction, p ≤ 0.017.	0.003^* * Bonferroni correction, p ≤ 0.017.	0.010^* * Bonferroni correction, p ≤ 0.017.	< 0.001^* * Bonferroni correction, p ≤ 0.017.	0.015^* * Bonferroni correction, p ≤ 0.017.	0.001^* * Bonferroni correction, p ≤ 0.017.
Pre-frail x non-frail	0.016^* * Bonferroni correction, p ≤ 0.017.	0.769	0.416	0.043	0.007^* * Bonferroni correction, p ≤ 0.017.	0.055	0.018

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[1] Corresponding Author: Nathalia Hammerschmidt Kolb Carneiro. E-mail: nathalia.kolb@gmail.com