Checklist of the dipterofauna (Insecta) from Roraima, Brazil, with special reference to the Brazilian Ecological Station of Maracá

Riccardi, Paula Raile; Fachin, Diego Aguilar; Ale-Rocha, Rosaly; Amaral, Edna Maria; Amorim, Dalton de Souza; Gil-Azevedo, Leonardo Henrique; Capellari, Renato Soares; Carmo, Daniel Dias Dornelas do; Carvalho, Claudio José Barros de; Ferro, Gustavo Borges; Flores, Heloísa Fernandes; Gomes, Lucas Roberto Pereira; Gottschalk, Marco Silva; Lamas, Carlos José Einicker; Lampert, Silvana; Marinho, Marco Antonio Tonus; Marques, Dayse Willkenia Almeida; Mello, Ramon Luciano; Mello-Patiu, Cátia Antunes de; Menezes, Marco Antônio; Morales, Mírian Nunes; Oliveira, Sarah Siqueira de; Pereira, Thalles Platiny Lavinscky; Pereira-Colavite, Alessandre; Pirani, Gabriela; Rafael, José Albertino; Santos, Josenilson Rodrigues dos; Savaris, Marcoandre; Schelesky-Prado, Daniel de Castro; Silva, Vera Cristina; Sousa, Viviane Rodrigues de; Urso-Guimarães, Maria Virginia; Vargas, Laura Viana; Yamaguchi, Carolina; Falaschi, Rafaela Lopes

doi:10.11606/1807-0205/2022.62.014

Abstract

Roraima is a Brazilian state located in the northern portion of the Amazon basin, with few studies regarding its biodiversity. The Ecological Station of Maracá (Brazil, state of Roraima) harbors the third largest Brazilian pluvial island and is composed of a transitional landscape of savanna and Amazon rainforest components. Despite its ecological importance and strategic localization, few studies covered the dipterofauna of this locality. An updated checklist addressing 41 families of true flies (Diptera) occurring in Roraima is presented based on the literature and the specimens collected during a field expedition that occurred in 2015. This checklist brings several improvements such as new records of 165 taxa to the state of Roraima, 29 taxa to Brazil, and 259 morphotypes, mostly likely representing undescribed species.

Keywords.
Biodiversity; Inventory; Diptera; Flies; Amazon Forest; Transitional area

INTRODUCTION

Roraima is one of the seven states of Brazil composing its Northern region. It is located in the north of the Brazilian Amazon. Roraima shares borders with Guyana and Venezuela, as well as with the Brazilian states of Amazonas and Pará. The Ecological Station of Maracá (Estação Ecológica de Maracá, ESEC Maracá) was the first Brazilian ecological station, created on July 2^nd, 1981, by the federal decree n. 86.061. The Conservation Unit is located in the northwestern portion of Roraima, and it comprises the third major pluvial island of Brazil, integrating an archipelago located in a transitional area between forest and savanna (referred to as ‘lavrado’) landscapes. This forms a particular environment with endemic elements (ICMBio, 2021Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio). 2021. Website of the Estação Ecológica de Maracá. Available: Available: https://www.icmbio.gov.br/portal/esec-de-maraca . Access: 25/09/2021.
https://www.icmbio.gov.br/portal/esec-de... ; Barbosa et al., 2007Barbosa, R.I.; Campos, C.; Pinto, F. & Fearnside, P.M. 2007. The “Lavrados” of Roraima: Biodiversity and conservation of Brazil’s amazonian savannas. Functional Ecosystems and Communities, 1(1): 29-41.). The ESEC Maracá has a total area of 103,976.48 ha, formed by a pluvial archipelago composed of more than 200 islands. The main island is named ‘Ilha de Maracá’. It is a transitional lowland area, has 830 km² and its altitude is about 200 m.a.s.l. (ICMBio, 2021Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio). 2021. Website of the Estação Ecológica de Maracá. Available: Available: https://www.icmbio.gov.br/portal/esec-de-maraca . Access: 25/09/2021.
https://www.icmbio.gov.br/portal/esec-de... ). The region is part of the Guyana Shield, and it deviates the flow of the Uraricoera river, which is a tributary of the Branco River (McGregor & Eden, 1991McGregor, D.F.M. & Eden, M.J. 1991. Geomorphology and land development in the Maraca area of northern Roraima, Brazil. Acta Amazonica , 21: 391-407. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211407.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ). In the ESEC Maracá, the following ecosystems are found: tropical humid forest, semideciduous forest, and three categories of lavrado, containing transitional lagoons (Barbosa et al., 2007Barbosa, R.I.; Campos, C.; Pinto, F. & Fearnside, P.M. 2007. The “Lavrados” of Roraima: Biodiversity and conservation of Brazil’s amazonian savannas. Functional Ecosystems and Communities, 1(1): 29-41.). The vegetational mosaic with gradually east-west change configures an indispensable area to comprehend the subjacent biodiversity associated with the transitional Amazonian areas (Barbosa et al., 2007Barbosa, R.I.; Campos, C.; Pinto, F. & Fearnside, P.M. 2007. The “Lavrados” of Roraima: Biodiversity and conservation of Brazil’s amazonian savannas. Functional Ecosystems and Communities, 1(1): 29-41.).

Diptera is one of the most abundant groups of terrestrial invertebrates (Borkent et al., 2018Borkent, A.; Brown, B.V.; Adler, P.H.; Amorim, D.S.; Barber, K.; Bickel, D.; Boucher, S.; Brooks, S.E.; Burger, J.; Burington, Z.L.; Capellari, R.S.; Costa, D.N.R.; Cumming, J.M.; Curler, G.; Dick, C.W.; Epler, J.H.; Fisher, E.; Gaimari, S.D.; Gelhaus, J.; Grimaldi, D.A.; Hash, J.; Hauser, M.; Hippa, H.; Ibáñez-Bernal, S.; Jaschhof, M.; Kameneva, E.P.; Kerr, P.H.; Korneyev, V.; Korytkowski, C.A.; Kung, G.; Kvifte, G.M.; Lonsdale, O.; Marshall, S.A.; Mathis, W.N.; Michelsen, V.; Naglis, S.; Norrbom, A.L.; Paiero, S.; Pape, T; Pereira-Colavite, A.; Pollet, M.; Rochefort, S.; Rung, A.; Runyon, J.B.; Savage, J.; Silva, V.C.; Sinclair, B.J.; Skevington, J.H.; Stireman III, J.O.; Swann, J.; Vilkamaa, P.; Wheeler, T.; Whitworth, T.; Wong, M.; Wood, M.D.; Woodley, N.; Yau, T.; Zavortink, T.J. & Zumbado, M.A. 2018. Remarkable fly (Diptera) diversity in a patch of Costa Rican cloud forest: Why inventory is a vital science. Zootaxa , 4402: 53-90. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4402.1.3.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ; Brown et al., 2018Brown, B.V; Borkent, A.; Adler, P.H.; Amorim, D.S.; Barber, K.; Bickel, D.; Boucher, S.; Brooks, S.E.; Burger, J.; Burington, Z.L.; Capellari, R.S.; Costa, D.N.R.; Cumming, J.M.; Curler, G.; Dick, C.W.; Epler, J.H.; Fisher, E.; Gaimari, S.D.; Gelhaus, J.; Grimaldi, D.A.; Hash, J.; Hauser, M.; Hippa, H.; Ibáñez-Bernal, S.; Jaschhof, M.; Kameneva, E.P.; Kerr, P.H.; Korneyev, V.; Korytkowski, C.A.; Kun, G.; Kvifte, G.M.; Lonsdale, O.; Marshall, S.A.; Mathis, W.; Michelsen, V.; Naglis, S.; Norrbom, A.L.; Paiero, S.; Pape, T.; Pereira-Colavite, A.; Pollet, M.; Rochefort, S.; Rung, A.; Runyon, J.B.; Savage, J.; Silva, V.C.; Sinclair, B.J.; Skevington, J.H.; Stireman, J.O.; Swann, J.; Thompson, C.F.; Vilkamaa, P.; Wheeler, T.; Whitworth, T.; Wong, M.; Wood, D.M.; Woodley, N.; Yau, T.; Zavortink, T.J. & Zumbado, M.A. 2018. Comprehensive inventory of true flies (Diptera) at a tropical site. Communications Biology, 21: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-018-0022-x.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/... ), being extremely relevant to the biogeographic patterns of associated ecosystems. A great part of the information available on the fly diversity of Roraima refers to IIha de Maracá. A set of publications regarding this locality was based on material collected in several field expeditions of the Maracá Rainforest Project by different researchers and technicians (Hemming, 1989Hemming, J. 1989. The Society’s Maracá Rainforest Project, Roraima, Brazil. The Geographical Journal, 155(1): 1-12.). These publications substantially improved the knowledge of the Amazonian dipterofauna. Results from these expeditions were published after 1989 (Rafael & Rosa, 1989Rafael, J.A. & Rosa, M.S.S. 1989. Novas espécies de Eudorylas Aczél da Estação Ecológica de Maracá, Roraima, Brasil (Diptera, Pipunculidae). Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz , 84(4): 449-454. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02761989000800079.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... , 1991Rafael, J.A. & Rosa, M.S.S. 1991. Pipunculidae (Diptera) da Estação Ecológica de Maracá e da localidade de Pacaraima, Roraima, Brasil. Acta Amazonica , 21: 337-350. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211350.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Albuquerque, 1991Albuquerque, L.P. 1991. Taeniapterinae (Diptera, Micropezidae) da Ilha de Maracá e da localidade de Pacaraima, Roraima, Brazil. Acta Amazonica , 21: 3-13. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211013.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Castellón et al., 1991Castellón, E.G.; Araújo Fillho, N.A.; Fé, N.F. & Alves, J.M.C. 1991. Flebotomíneos (Diptera: Psychodidae) no estado de Roraima. III. Listagem das espécies no estado. Acta Amazonica , 21: 51-54. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211054.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Lopes & Tibana, 1991Lopes, H.S. & Tibana, R. 1991. Sarcophagidae (Diptera) de Roraima, Brasil. Acta Amazonica , 21: 151-157. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211157.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Rafael, 1991Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Rafael et al., 1991Rafael, J.A.; Gorayeb, I.S.; Rosa, M.S.S. & Henriques, A.L. 1991. Tabanidae (Diptera) da Ilha de Maracá e Serra Pacaraima, Roraima, Brasil, com descrição de duas espécies novas. Acta Amazonica , 21: 351-367. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211367.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Silva, 1991Silva, V.C. 1991. Levantamento preliminar de Sepsidae (Diptera, Schizophora) em Roraima, Projeto Maracá, com descrição de uma espécie nova. Acta Amazonica , 21: 369-374. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211374.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; de Carvalho & Couri, 1992), including data of 23 families of Diptera.

After 1989, the next expedition was only in 2015 and there is an urgent need for an updated checklist based on this additional material. The present study provides a list of all references known to us from the taxonomic literature related to the dipterous diversity of Roraima, with an emphasis on the fauna of Ilha de Maracá. We present here a complete checklist of the 41 families of Diptera collected in Ilha de Maracá in the 2015 expedition. The updated checklist provides means for further studies on taxonomy, biogeography, evolution, and other aspects of flies from the Amazon basin.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Acronyms used for the depositories

CEUFLA: ................ Coleção Entomológica da Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais;

DEZG/UFPEL: ....... Coleção de Diptera do Departamento de Ecologia, Zoologia e Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul;

DSEC: ...................... Coleção Entomológica do Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba;

DZUP: ...................... Coleção Entomológica Padre Jesus Santiago Moure, Curitiba, Paraná;

INPA: ....................... Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas;

MELQ: ..................... Museu de Entomologia Luiz de Queiroz, Piracicaba, São Paulo;

MNRJ: ...................... Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro;

MZUSP: .................... Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo;

ZUFG: ....................... Coleção Zoológica da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás;

ZUFMS: .................... Coleção Zoológica da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul.

Fieldwork and collecting methods

The fieldwork for insect collecting at ESEC Maracá was performed in two steps. The first one was carried out from 18^th to 24^th of May, 2015, when a team of entomologists (Gabriel Biffi, Rafaela Falaschi, Marco Marinho, Lívia Pinheiro, and Paula Riccardi) chose nine collecting sites (Fig. 1). Site 1 (03°21.718′N, 61°26.063′W, 125 m.a.s.l.) is situated on the border of a forested area adjacent to the lodgings (Fig. 2A-B). Specimens were collected through sweeping, yellow, and blue pan traps, Van Someren-Rydon (half of the baits consisting of fermented bananas and the other half of chicken entrails), and light traps. Sites 2, 3, and 5 were on the Santa Rosa trail (Fig. 2C). On site 2 (03°22.330′N, 61°26.196′W, 140 m.a.s.l.), the specimens were collected with a Shannon trap; on sites 3 (03°22.430′N, 61°26.154′W, 136 m.a.s.l.) and 5 (03°22.623′N, 61°26.136′W, 101 m.a.s.l.), through sweeping and a Malaise trap, Townes model (Townes, 1962Townes, H.K. 1962. Design for a Malaise trap. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 64: 253-262. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/57159.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part... ). Site 4 (03°23.413′N, 61°26.036′W, 104 m.a.s.l.) is the only area located in the lavrado physiognomy (Fig. 2D). There, specimens were collected with a Malaise trap, yellow pan traps, and sweeping. On site 6 (03°22.066′N, 61°26.339′W, 119 m.a.s.l.), the only trap used was a Van Someren-Rydon trap. Site 7 is located on the main trail of the Ecological Station (03°22.229′N, 61°26.648′W, 143 m.a.s.l.), where the collecting methods used were a Malaise trap, sweeping, yellow pan traps, and a Van Someren-Rydon trap. On sites 8 (03°21.722′N, 61°26.063′W, 100 m.a.s.l.), on the Apuí trail, and 9 (03°21.146′N, 61°25.376′W, 105 m.a.s.l.), on the margin of the Uraricoera River (Fig. 2E), sweeping nets were used.

Figure 1
Map of the ESEC Maracá, including the collecting sites (numbered red dots). In small scale, the state of Roraima is represented in yellow on the map of South America.

Figures 2A-E
Collecting sites. (A) site 1 (lodge); (B) trail connecting sites 1 and 9; (C) Santa Rosa trail. (D) site 4 (lavrado); (E) Uraricoera River, margin of the site 9.

Material

The specimens of Diptera were sorted into families, then sent to the specialists listed in Table 1 for further identification. Most of the material is deposited at the MZUSP and in nine other Brazilian institutions (CEUFLA; DEZG/UFPEL; DSEC; DZUP; INPA; MELQ; MNRJ; MZUSP; ZUFG; ZUFMS) (see Table 2 for details).

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Table 1
Summary of the total number of taxa in the checklist, per family. The acronym of the specialists of each dipterous family is given in the last column. Abbreviations: BR = Brazil; cf. = confer species; col. = collected material in the 2015’s expedition; m. = morphotype; n.a. = not applicable; n.r. = new records for; RR = Roraima.

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Table 2
Checklist of the Diptera collected exclusively in the 2015’s expedition. The underlined taxa represent previous records of the same locality (Albuquerque, 1991Albuquerque, L.P. 1991. Taeniapterinae (Diptera, Micropezidae) da Ilha de Maracá e da localidade de Pacaraima, Roraima, Brazil. Acta Amazonica , 21: 3-13. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211013.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; de Carvalho & Couri, 1992; Lopes & Tibana, 1991Lopes, H.S. & Tibana, R. 1991. Sarcophagidae (Diptera) de Roraima, Brasil. Acta Amazonica , 21: 151-157. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211157.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Rafael, 1991Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ). The species (on the right) and genera (on the left) with a single asterisk (*) depict the first record to the state of Roraima, and taxa marked with a double asterisk (**) represent the first record to Brazil. The specific epithets separated by a forward slash (/) mean a dubious identification between the species mentioned.

Checklist structure and presentation

The updated checklist of 41 the fly families known to Roraima is organized according to taxonomic rank (Pape et al., 2011Pape, T.; Blagoderov, V. & Mostovski, M.B. 2011. Order DIPTERA Linnaeus, 1758. In: Zhang, Z-Q. (Ed.). Animal biodivesity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa , 3148: 222-229. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.42.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ). An introduction to these families is followed by a list of valid species and morphospecies recorded from Roraima. The list contains the type locality and geographic distribution of each species, with the records for the Brazilian states between parentheses. Both the family introduction and the species list, as well as Tables 1-2 and Figs. 3-4, follow the systematic position within Diptera according to Pape et al. (2011)Pape, T.; Blagoderov, V. & Mostovski, M.B. 2011. Order DIPTERA Linnaeus, 1758. In: Zhang, Z-Q. (Ed.). Animal biodivesity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa , 3148: 222-229. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.42.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... . Within each family, the taxa are arranged in alphabetical order. The abbreviation cf. (= confer) means that the identified specimens may be identical to the following specific epithet but there is no certainty.

Figures 3A-T
Diptera of IIha de Maracá, habitus (lateral views). (A) Simulium (Psaroniocompsa) oyapockense/roraimense (Simuliidae); (B) Plecia sp. (Bibionidae); (C) Neolasioptera sp. (Cecidomyiidae); (D) Placoceratias sp. (Keroplatidae); (E) Leia sp. (Mycetophilidae); (F) Efcookella sp. (Scatopsidae); (G) Anthrax oedipus (Bombyliidae); (H) Glabellula sp. (Mythicomyiidae); (I) Tabanus callosus (Tabanidae); (J) Chordonota sp. (Stratiomyidae); (K) Arthropeina lindneri (Xylomyidae); (L) Lyroneurus suavis (Dolichopodidae); (M) Syneches moraballi (Empididae); (N) Opeatocerata sp. (Hybotidae); (O) Eibesfeldtphora declinata (Phoridae); (P) Elmohardyia sp. (Pipunculidae); (Q) Toxomerus lacrymosus (Syrphidae); (R) Medeventor sp. (Chloropidae); (S) Paramyia sp. (Milichiidae); (T) Curtonotum abrelatas (Curtonotidae). Scale bar 1 mm.

Figures 4A-U
Diptera of IIha de Maracá, habitus (lateral views). (A) Drosophila ararama (Drosophilidae); (B) Ochthera sp. (Ephydridae); (C) Marmarodeceia marmorata (Lauxaniidae); (D) Cardiacephala brevipennis (Micropezidae); (E) Nerius pilifer (Neriidae); (F) Calycomyza sp. (Agromyzidae); (G) Odinia sp. (Odiniidae); (H) Stenomicra sp. (Periscelididae); (I) Lenkokroeberia chryserea (Ropalomeridae); (J) Archisepsis diversiformis (Sepsidae) [modified from sepsidnet.com]; (K) Pyrgota longipes (Pyrgotidae), (L) Coilometopia trimaculata (Richardiidae); (M) Thecomyia lateralis (Sciomyzidae); (N) Anastrepha rafaeli (Tephritidae); (O) Xanthacrona bipustulata (Ulidiidae); (P) Phaonantho benevola (Anthomyiidae); (Q) Chrysomya albiceps (Calliphoridae); (R) Fannia euchaetophora (Fanniidae); (S) Mesembrinella bicolor (Mesembrinellidae); (T) Cyrtoneuropsis protosetosa (Muscidae); (U) Lepidodexia (Notochaeta) sp. (Sarcophagidae). Scale bar 1 mm.

RESULTS

The identified material of ESEC Maracá resulted in 259 morphotypes/cf. and 174 nominal species belonging to 41 families of Diptera. Our results show that, at least, nine of the 41 families have new taxa for Brazil (to be described somewhere else). And of the total of families found, 10 are reported for the first time to state of Roraima. There are new records of 99 genera and 66 species for the state and 17 genera and 12 species for Brazil (details on Tables 1-2). The updated checklist of Diptera from Roraima is below:

Simuliidae (Fig. 3A). The female black fly is hematophagous and its habits harm human populations, affecting public health, tourism, agriculture, and livestock. Also, some species act as vectors of human onchocerciasis. Black fly larvae are filter-feeding in lotic environments and important support in the food chain (Adler et al., 2004Adler, P.H.; Currie, D.C. & Wood, D.M. 2004. The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. New York, Cornell University Press,.). The family currently comprises 2,331 species in the world, distributed in 31 genera (Adler, 2021Adler, P.H. 2021. World blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae): a comprehensive revision of the taxonomic and geographical inventory. Available: Available: https://biomia.sites.clemson.edu/pdfs/blackflyinventory.pdf . Access: 01/06/2021.
https://biomia.sites.clemson.edu/pdfs/bl... ). The Neotropical region has 10 genera and more than 300 species, 95 species and three genera of which are known from Brazil (Gil-Azevedo, 2021Gil-Azevedo, L.H. 2021. Simuliidae. In: Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD . Available: Available: http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadoBrasil/2528 . Access: 16/06/2021.
http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadoBr... ). The Roraima fauna is relatively well known, and it has records of 27 black fly species, all belonging to the genus Simulium Latreille, 1802 (Adler, 2021Adler, P.H. 2021. World blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae): a comprehensive revision of the taxonomic and geographical inventory. Available: Available: https://biomia.sites.clemson.edu/pdfs/blackflyinventory.pdf . Access: 01/06/2021.
https://biomia.sites.clemson.edu/pdfs/bl... ). There are no new records in the present work and the identification of two of the species collected in the 2015 expedition is dubious (Table 2). The data used for this section follows Adler (2021)Adler, P.H. 2021. World blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae): a comprehensive revision of the taxonomic and geographical inventory. Available: Available: https://biomia.sites.clemson.edu/pdfs/blackflyinventory.pdf . Access: 01/06/2021.
https://biomia.sites.clemson.edu/pdfs/bl... .

SIMULIIDAE Newman, 1834

Subfamily SIMULIINAE Newman, 1834

Genus SIMULIUM Latreille, 1802

Simulium amazonicum Goeldi, 1905 = S. tallaferroae Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. Type locality: Brazil (Amazonas). Distribution: Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Rondônia, Roraima), Colombia, Venezuela.

Simulium cauchense Floch & Abonnenc, 1946 = S. sextobecium Nunes de Mello, 1974 = S. rangeli Ramírez-Pérez, Rassi & Ramírez, 1977. Type locality: French Guiana. Distribution: Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Roraima), French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela.

Simulium covagarciai Ramírez-Pérez, Yarzábal, Takaoka, Tada & Ramírez, 1984. Type locality: Venezuela. Distribution: Brazil (Roraima), Venezuela.

Simulium cristalinum Coscarón & Py-Daniel, 1989. Type locality: Brazil (Roraima). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima).

Simulium exiguum Roubaud, 1906 = S. glaucophthalmum Knab, 1914 = S. delpontei Paterson & Shannon, 1927 = S. urubambanum Enderlein, 1934. Type locality: Venezuela. Distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Bahia, Distrito Federal, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, São Paulo, Tocantins), Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Venezuela.

Simulium goeldii Cerqueira & Nunes de Mello, 1967 = S. scorzai Ramírez-Pérez, 1980. Type locality: Brazil (Amazonas). Distribution: Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima), French Guiana, Venezuela.

Simulium guianense Wise, 1911 = S. pintoi d’Andretta & d’Andretta, 1945 = S. ortizi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. Type locality: Guyana. Distribution: Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Tocantins), French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela.

Simulium inaequale (Paterson & Shannon, 1927) = Simulium baiense Pinto, 1932 = S. manicatum (Enderlein, 1934) = S. argentatum (Enderlein, 1936) = S. clarki Fairchild, 1940 = S. jundiaiense d’Andretta & Dolores González, 1964 = S. pseudoexiguum Nunes de Mello & Barbosa de Almeida, 1974. Type locality: Argentina. Distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Amapá, Bahia, Distrito Federal, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Paraíba, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Tocantins), Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guyana, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Venezuela.

Simulium incrustatum Lutz, 1910 = S. aequifurcatum Lutz, 1910 = S. angrense Pinto, 1932 = S. opalinifrons (Enderlein, 1934) = S. yarzabali Ramírez-Pérez, 1980. Type locality: Brazil (Minas Gerais). Distribution: Argentina, Brazil (Amapá, Bahia, Ceará, Distrito Federal, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Paraíba, Paraná, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Tocantins), Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Paraguay, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Simulium iracouboense Floch & Abonnenc, 1946 = S. sucamense Nunes de Mello, 1974 = S. santaelenae Ramírez-Pérez & Peterson, 1981. Type locality: French Guiana. Distribution: Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Roraima), French Guiana, Suriname, Venezuela.

Simulium limbatum Knab, 1915 = S. machadoi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971 = S. meruoca Nunes de Mello, Barbosa de Almeida & Dellome-Filho, 1973 = S. machadoallisoni Vulcano, 1981. Type locality: Guyana. Distribution: Brazil (Amapá, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso, Pará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Guyana, Venezuela.

Simulium lutzianum Pinto, 1932 = S. lewisi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971 = S. alirioi Ramírez-Pérez & Vulcano, 1973 = S. iguazuense Coscarón, 1976. Type locality: Venezuela. Distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Venezuela.

Simulium maroniense Floch & Abonnenc, 1946 = S. wuayaraka Ortiz, 1957. Type locality: French Guiana. Distribution: Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará, Roraima), French Guiana, Guyana, Venezuela.

Simulium metallicum Bellardi, 1859 = S. riveti Roubaud, 1906 = S. nitidum Malloch, 1912 = S. versicolor Lutz & Nuñes Továr in Lutz, 1928 = S. avidum Hoffmann, 1930 = S. violacescens Enderlein, 1934. Type locality: Mexico. Distribution: Brazil (Paraná, Roraima, São Paulo), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Simulium minusculum Lutz, 1910. Type locality: Brazil (Minas Gerais). Distribution: Argentina, Brazil (Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Piauí, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Tocantins), Guyana, Venezuela.

Simulium ochraceum Walker, 1861 = S. bipunctatum Malloch, 1912 = S. antillarum Jennings, 1915 = S. scutellatum Lane & Porto in Porto, 1940 = S. wolcotti Fox, 1953 = S. pseudoantillarum Ramírez-Pérez & Vulcano, 1973. Type locality: Mexico (Chiapas). Distribution: Belize, Brazil (Amazonas, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, São Paulo), Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guadalupe, Guatemala, Jamaica, Mexico, Montserrat, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela, United States Virgin Islands.

Simulium oyapockense Floch & Abonnenc, 1946 = S. pseudosanguineum Ramírez-Pérez & Peterson, 1981 = S. pseudoamazonicum Ramírez-Pérez & Peterson, 1981 = S. cuasisanguineum Ramírez-Pérez, Yarzábal & Peterson, 1982 = S. sanchezi Ramírez-Pérez, Yarzábal & Peterson, 1982 = S. pydanieli (Pessoa, Medeiros & Barbosa, 2008). Type locality: French Guiana. Distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima, São Paulo, Tocantins), Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Uruguay, Venezuela.

Simulium perflavum Roubaud, 1906 = S. varians Lutz, 1909 = S. antunesi Lane & Porto, 1940 = S. mauense Nunes de Mello, 1974. Type locality: Brazil (São Paulo). Distribution: Argentina, Brazil (Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Guyana, Paraguay, Venezuela.

Simulium pertinax Kollar, 1832 = S. inexorabile Schrottky, 1909 = S. infuscatum Lutz, 1909 = S. flavifemur (Enderlein, 1921) = S. lutzianum (Enderlein, 1934) = S. septentrionale Cerqueira & Barbosa de Almeida, 1970 = S. cerqueirai Barbosa de Almeida in Nunes de Mello & Barbosa de Almeida, 1974. Type locality: Brazil (São Paulo). Distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Bahia, Distrito Federal, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Paraíba, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Tocantins), Paraguay.

Simulium quadrifidum Lutz, 1917 = S. rassii Ramírez-Pérez, 1980 = S. torrealbai Ramírez-Pérez, 1980. Type locality: Brazil (Rondônia). Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima), Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela.

Simulium roraimense Nunes de Mello, 1974. Type locality: Brazil (Roraima). Distribution: Argentina, Brazil (Roraima), Ecuador, Venezuela.

Simulium rubrithorax Lutz, 1909 = S. magnum Lane & Porto in Porto, 1940 = S. mutucuna Nunes de Mello & Vieira da Silva, 1974. Type locality: Brazil (Minas Gerais). Distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Bahia, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Colombia, Venezuela.

Simulium spinibranchium Lutz, 1910 = S. striginotum (Enderlein, 1934) = S. pillosum Lane & Porto in Porto, 1940 = S. laneportoi Vargas, 1941. Type locality: Brazil (São Paulo). Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Bahia, Distrito Federal, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Tocantins), Guyana, Venezuela.

Simulium suarezi Ramírez-Pérez, Rassi & Ramírez, 1977. Type locality: Venezuela. Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Roraima), Venezuela.

Simulium subnigrum Lutz, 1910 = S. diversifurcatum Lutz, 1910 = S. subclavibranchium Lutz, 1910 = S. nogueirai d’Andretta & Dolores González, 1964 = S. mbarigui Coscarón & Wygodzinsky, 1973 = S. beaupertuyi Ramírez-Pérez, Rassi & Ramírez, 1977 = S. nahimi Py-Daniel, 1984 = S. leopoldense (Strieder & Py-Daniel, 2000). Type locality: Brazil (Rio de Janeiro). Distribution: Argentina, Brazil (Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Distrito Federal, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Colombia, Paraguay, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Simulium subpallidum Lutz, 1910 = S. guerreroi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971 = S. acarayense Coscarón & Wygodzinsky, 1972 = S. guarani Coscarón & Wygodzinsky, 1972 = S. nilesi Rambajan, 1979. Type locality: Brazil (Minas Gerais). Distribution: Argentina, Brazil (Alagoas, Amapá, Bahia, Distrito Federal, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Tocantins), Guyana, Paraguay, Uruguay, Venezuela.

Simulium trombetense Hamada, Py-Daniel & Adler, 1999. Type locality: Brazil (Amazonas). Distribution: Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Roraima), French Guiana.

Simulium sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Bibionidae (Fig. 3B). This group, popularly known as march flies or love-bugs, encompasses eight genera with over 700 described species in the world (Fitzgerald, 2009Fitzgerald, S.J. 2009. Bibionidae (March flies, Love-bugs). In: Brown, B.; Borkent, A.; Cumming, J.M.; Wood, D.M. & Zumbado, M.A. (Eds.). Diptera of Central America , Ottawa, NRC-CNRC . v. 1, p. 245-251.), included in four subfamilies: Hesperininae, Pleciinae, Penthetriinae, and Bibioninae (Fitzgerald, 2009Fitzgerald, S.J. 2009. Bibionidae (March flies, Love-bugs). In: Brown, B.; Borkent, A.; Cumming, J.M.; Wood, D.M. & Zumbado, M.A. (Eds.). Diptera of Central America , Ottawa, NRC-CNRC . v. 1, p. 245-251.; Pinto & Amorim, 2000Pinto, L.G. & Amorim, D.S. 2000. Bibionidae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha). Morfologia, e análise filogenética. Ribeirão Preto, Holos Editora. (Série Teses, Dissertações e Monografias 2).). Six genera and 169 species are known from the Neotropical region (Hardy, 1959Hardy, D.E. 1959. Catalogue of the Neotropical Bibionidae (Diptera, Nematocera). Acta Zoologica Lilloana , 17(1959): 437-476., 1966Hardy, D.E. 1966. Family Bibionidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.). A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. São Paulo, Departamento de Zoologia da Secretaria da Agricultura do Estado de São Paulo. p. 1-20. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/49070535.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page... ; Amorim et al., 2002Amorim, D.S.; Silva, V.C. & Balbi, M.I.P.A. 2002. Estado do Conhecimento dos Diptera Neotropicais. In: Costa, C.; Vanin, S.A.; Lobo, J.M. & Melic, A. (Orgs.). Proyecto de Red Iberoamericana de Biogeografía y Entomología Sistemática (PRIBES). Zaragoza, Sociedad Entomológica Aragoneza, v. 2, p. 29-36.). The Brazilian fauna has six genera and about 40 species (Hardy, 1959Hardy, D.E. 1959. Catalogue of the Neotropical Bibionidae (Diptera, Nematocera). Acta Zoologica Lilloana , 17(1959): 437-476., 1966Hardy, D.E. 1966. Family Bibionidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.). A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. São Paulo, Departamento de Zoologia da Secretaria da Agricultura do Estado de São Paulo. p. 1-20. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/49070535.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page... ; Falaschi et al., 2016Falaschi, R.L.; Oliveira, S.S. & Amorim, D.S. 2016. Family Bibionidae. Zootaxa , 4122: 20-25. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.5.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... , 2018Falaschi, R.L.; Oliveira, S.S. & Lamas, C.J.E. 2018. Catalogue of Bibionidae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha) types housed in the collection of the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia , 58(27): e20185827. https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2018.58.27.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11606... ). However, the knowledge about the distributional patterns of march flies in Brazil is still incipient. Here, the family and the genus Plecia Wiedemann, 1828 are recorded for the first time to Roraima (Table 2).

BIBIONIDAE Fleming, 1821

Subfamily PLECIINAE Rohdendorf, 1946

Genus PLECIA Wiedemann, 1828

= Protomyia Heer, 1849 = Rhinoplecia Bellardi, 1859 = Penthera Philippi, 1865 = Epiplecia Giard, 1879 = Heteroplecia Hardy, 1950 = Pleciodes Hardy, 1952 = Lacibibio Hong in Hong et al., 1980.

Plecia sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Cecidomyiidae (Fig. 3C). Gall midges represent an old lineage of Diptera among the Sciaroidea superfamily (Wood & Borkent, 1989Wood, D.M. & Borkent, A. 1989. Phylogeny and Classification of the Nematocera. In: McAlpine, J.F.; Peterson, B.V.; Shewell, G.E.; Teskey, H.J.; Vockeroth, J.R. & Wood D.M. (Eds.). Manual of Neartic Diptera . 3. Ottawa, Biosystematics Research Centre . p. 1333-1370. https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2016/aac-aafc/A54-3-32-eng.pdf.
https://publications.gc.ca/collections/c... ). The family is considered monophyletic in phylogenies using morphological and molecular data (Amorim & Rindal, 2007Amorim, D.S. & Rindal, E. 2007. Phylogeny of the Mycetophiliformia, with proposal of the subfamilies Heterotrichinae, Ohakuneinae, and Chiletrichinae for the Rangomaramidae (Diptera, Bibionomorpha). Zootaxa , 1535: 1-92. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1535.1.1.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ; Ševčík et al., 2016Ševčík, J.; Kaspřák, D.; Mantič, M.; Fitzgerald, S.; Ševčíková, T.; Tóthová, A. & Jaschhof, M. 2016. Molecular phylogeny of the megadiverse insect infraorder Bibionomorpha sensu lato (Diptera). PeerJ, 4: e2563. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2563.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.7717/... ). The mycophagous habit is prevalent in the five subfamilies considered basal among the cecidomyiids (Catotrichinae, Lestremiinae, Micromyiinae, Winnertziinae, and Porricondylinae) and in two of the four supertribes of Cecidomyiinae (Brachineneuridi and Stomatosematidi). In the other two supertribes (Lasiopteridi and Cecidomyiidi), the galling habit is predominant. Currently, the cecidomyiids comprise more than 6,600 species worldwide, distributed in 832 genera classified into six subfamilies (Gagné & Jaschhof, 2021Gagné, R.J. & Jaschhof, M. 2021. A Catalog of the Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) of the World. 5. ed. Digital. Available: Available: https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/80420580/Gagne_Jaschhof_2021_World_Cat_5th_Ed.pdf . Access: 24/09/2021.
https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/80... ). The Neotropical region has about 600 species in 170 genera, of which 159 species and 75 genera have records from Brazil (Maia & Urso-Guimarães, submittedMaia, V.C. & Urso-Guimarães, M.V. submitted. Chapter 7. Cecidomyiidae. In: Couri, M. et al., in prep. Manual of the South American Diptera.). Cecidomyiidae is being recorded for the first time in Roraima. The identified material includes eight species of five genera: three morphospecies of Lopesia Rübsaamen, 1908, two of Stomatosema Kieffer, 1904, and one morphospecies of each of the following genera: Dasineura Rondani, 1840, Neolasioptera Felt, 1908, and Enallodiplosis Gagné, 1994. Besides, this is the first record to Brazil of Enallodiplosis, a monotypic genus previously recorded only from Chile and Argentina.

CECIDOMYIIDAE Newman, 1865

Subfamily CECIDOMYIINAE Rondani, 1840

Genus ENALLODIPLOSIS Gagné, 1994

Enallodiplosis sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Tribe ALYCAULINI Rübsaamen & Hedicke, 1926

Genus NEOLASIOPTERA Felt, 1908

= Neolasioptera Felt, 1908 = Luisieria Tavares, 1922 = Dilasioptera Möhn, 1964 = Neurolasioptera Brèthes, 1922 = Physalidicola Brèthes, 1917.

Neolasioptera sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Tribe DASINEURINI Rübsaamen & Hedicke, 1926

Genus DASINEURA Rondani, 1840

= Dasineura Rondani, 1840 = Dasyneura Anonymous, 1844 = Perrisia Rondani, 1846 = Dasyneura Agassiz & Loew, 1846 = Dasynevra Agassiz, 1847 = Neocerata Coquillett, 1900 = Gioliella Del Guercio, 1918 = Dasynewca Shinji, 1938 = Dassyneura Shinji, 1944 = Gioriella Shinji, 1944.

Dasineura sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Tribe LOPESIINI Gagné, 1994

Genus LOPESIA Rübsaamen, 1908

= Lopesia Rübsaamen, 1908 = Lopesla Shinji, 1944.

Lopesia sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Lopesia sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Lopesia sp. 3, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Tribe STOMATOSEMATINI Mamamev, 1968

Genus STOMATOSEMA Kieffer, 1904

= Stomatosema Kieffer, 1904 = Jeannellomyia Kieffer, 1913 = Baeomyza Kieffer, 1913 = Vanchidiplosis Nayar, 1949 = Neohaplusia Rao, 1951 = Haplusiella Rao, 1952.

Stomatosema sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Stomatosema sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Keroplatidae (Fig. 3D). These gnats inhabit mainly moist tropical forests and are usually associated with fungi. Adults can be collected in dark and humid places like stream banks and wet caves by sweeping in low vegetation, under hanging rocks, or decaying logs. Larvae are also present in moist and dark places and have a variety of feeding habits (Osawa et al., 2014Osawa, K.; Sasaki, T. & Meyer-Rochow, V.B. 2014. New observations on the biology of Keroplatus nipponicus Okada 1938 (Diptera; Mycetophiloidea; Keroplatidae), a bioluminescent fungivorous insect. Entomologie Heute, 26: 139-149. https://www.zobodat.at/publikation_articles.php?id=445445.
https://www.zobodat.at/publikation_artic... ; Falaschi et al., 2019aFalaschi, R.L.; Amaral, D.T.; Santos, I.; Domingos, A.H.R.; Johnson, G.A.; Martins, A.G.S.; Viroomal, I.B.; Pompéia, S.L.; Mirza, J.D.; Oliveira, A.G.; Bechara, E.J.H.; Viviani, V.R. & Stevani, C.V. 2019a. Neoceroplatus betaryiensis nov. sp. (Diptera: Keroplatidae) is the first record of a bioluminescent fungus-gnat in South America. Scientific Reports , 9(11291): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-47753-w.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/... , bFalaschi, R.L.; Johnson, GA. & Stevani, C.V. 2019b. The new species Neoceroplatus betaryiensis nov. sp. (Diptera: Keroplatidae) from Neotropical Region. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 59(44): e20195944. https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2019.59.44.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11606... ). Predaceous larvae are seen in all subfamilies (Mansbridge, 1933Mansbridge, G.H. 1933. On the biology of some Ceroplatinae and Macrocerinae (Diptera, Mycetophilidae). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 81: 75-92. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1933.tb00400.x.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/... ), whereas mycophagy characterizes Keroplatinae (Matile, 1997Matile, L. 1997. Phylogeny and evolution of the larval diet in the Sciaroidea (Diptera, Bibionomorpha) since the Mesozoic. In: Grandcolas, P. (Ed.). The Origin and Biodiversity in Insects: Phylogenetic Tests of Evolutionary Scenarios. Memóires du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 173: 273-303.; Evenhuis, 2006Evenhuis, N.L. 2006. Catalog of the Keroplatidae of the World (Insecta: Diptera). Bishop Museum Bulletins in Entomology , 13: 1-178.). The family comprises about 950 species in at least 92 genera (Papavero, 1978Papavero, N. 1978. Family Keroplatidae (Ceroplatidae, incl. Macroceridae). In: Papavero, N. (Ed.). A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. São Paulo, Departamento de Zoologia da Secretaria da Agricultura do Estado de São Paulo. p. 1-22. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/49070535.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page... ; Matile, 1990Matile, L. 1990. Recherches sur la systématique et l’évolution des Keroplatidae (Diptera, Mycetophiloidea). Memóires du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Serie A, Zoologie, 148: 1-682. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/282901.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part... ; Evenhuis, 1994Evenhuis, N.L. 1994. Catalogue of the fossil flies of the world (Insecta: Diptera). Leiden, Backhuys Press., 2006Evenhuis, N.L. 2006. Catalog of the Keroplatidae of the World (Insecta: Diptera). Bishop Museum Bulletins in Entomology , 13: 1-178.; Papp, 2008Papp, L. 2008. Micromacrocera gen. n., the smallest macrocerine fly (Diptera: Keroplatidae, Macrocerinae). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 54(1): 13-21.; Ševčík, 2009Ševčík, J. 2009. Langkawiana maculata gen. et sp. n. from Malaysia and its systematic position in the tribe Robsonomyiini (Diptera: Keroplatidae). Zootaxa , 2221: 58-66. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2221.1.4.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ; Ševčík & Papp, 2009Ševčík, J. & Papp, L. 2009. Microkeroplatus, a new genus of Keroplatidae (Diptera) from the oriental region. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae , 55(4): 339-347.; Pape et al., 2011Pape, T.; Blagoderov, V. & Mostovski, M.B. 2011. Order DIPTERA Linnaeus, 1758. In: Zhang, Z-Q. (Ed.). Animal biodivesity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa , 3148: 222-229. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.42.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ; Oliveira et al., 2017Oliveira, S.S.; Falaschi R.L.; Urso-Guimarães, M.V. & Amorim, D.S. 2017. Lista das espécies de Bibionomorpha (Diptera) do Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Iheringia, Série Zoologia , 107(Suppl): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4766e2017127.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), distributed in all biogeographic regions. In the Neotropical region, there are more than 200 species in 32 genera, 40 of which are known from Brazil, mainly from the South and Southeast regions (Evenhuis, 2006Evenhuis, N.L. 2006. Catalog of the Keroplatidae of the World (Insecta: Diptera). Bishop Museum Bulletins in Entomology , 13: 1-178.; Falaschi, 2012Falaschi, R.L. 2012. Relações filogenéticas entre os Keroplatinae: posição de Orfeliini e relação entre seus gêneros (Diptera: Keroplatidae). (Doctoral Thesis). Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto.; Oliveira et al., 2017Oliveira, S.S.; Falaschi R.L.; Urso-Guimarães, M.V. & Amorim, D.S. 2017. Lista das espécies de Bibionomorpha (Diptera) do Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Iheringia, Série Zoologia , 107(Suppl): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4766e2017127.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ). This study reports the family for the first time to Roraima. A total of 11 morphotypes belonging to 11 genera of Keroplatidae were collected at the ESEC Maracá during this survey (Tables 1-2), considerably increasing the knowledge about the distributional patterns of this family of flies. These records also include two undescribed genera. To the following list we have incorporated specimens collected in 2011, in Caracaraí, Roraima, by Dr. Gabriel Biffi and Dr. Laura Rocha Prado. The 2011 survey includes the first record of the genus Orfelia Costa, 1857 to Roraima.

KEROPLATIDAE Rondani, 1856

Subfamily KEROPLATINAE Rondani, 1856

Genus HETEROPTERNA Skuse, 1888

Heteropterna sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus KEROPLATUS Bosc, 1792

= Ceroplatus Fabricius, 1798.

Keroplatus sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus NEOCEROPLATUS Edwards, 1941

Neoceroplatus sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus NEODITOMYIA Lane & Sturm, 1958

Neoditomyia sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus NEOPLATYURA Malloch, 1928

Neoplatyura sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus ORFELIA Costa, 1857

= Zelmira Meigen, 1800.

Orfelia sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Caracaraí).

Genus PLACOCERATIAS Enderlein, 1910

Placoceratias sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus PROCEROPLATUS Edwards, 1925

= Calliplatyura Malloch, 1928.

Proceroplatus sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus TAULYRPA Edwards, 1929

Taulyrpa sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maraca).

Genus UNDESCRIBED GENUS 1

Undescribed genus 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá and Caracaraí).

Genus UNDESCRIBED GENUS 2

Undescribed genus 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá and Caracaraí).

Genus XENOPLATYURA Malloch, 1928

= Afrorfelia Matile, 1970.

Xenoplatyura sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Mycetophilidae (Fig. 3E). Popularly known as fungus gnats, the mycetophilids are cosmopolite with 4,525 known species in 233 genera worldwide (Pape et al., 2011Pape, T.; Blagoderov, V. & Mostovski, M.B. 2011. Order DIPTERA Linnaeus, 1758. In: Zhang, Z-Q. (Ed.). Animal biodivesity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa , 3148: 222-229. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.42.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ), but the group is certainly more diverse than this outdated compilation in view of the solid group of researchers working with the taxonomy of the family worldwide. There are more studies with the fauna of temperate regions, despite the fact that mycetophilids are more diverse in tropical areas, especially in the Neotropical region, where there are especially in the Neotropical region, where there are 1,202 species and 55 genera (Oliveira & Amorim, 2014Oliveira, S.S. & Amorim, D.S. 2014. Catalogue of Neotropical Diptera . Mycetophilidae. Neotropical Diptera , 25: 1-87.; Amaral et al., 2022Amaral, E.M.; Oliveira, S.S. & Falaschi, R.L. 2022. An unknown world in the Neotropical region: a complete life cycle of a new species of Monoclona Mik, 1886 (Diptera: Mycetophilidae: Sciophilinae). Zootaxa , 5091: 107-130. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.4.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ). Currently, the Mycetophilidae are divided into six subfamilies (Oliveira & Amorim, 2021Oliveira, S.S. & Amorim, D.S. 2021. Phylogeny, classification, mesozoic fossils, and biogeography of the leiinae (Diptera: Mycetophilidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 446: 1-108. http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/7256.
http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/22... ), only two of which (Sciophilinae and Gnoristinae) had species known from Roraima: one of each subfamily (Cluzobra aitikeni Lane, 1956 and Tetragoneura rara Duret, 1980, respectively) (Oliveira & Amorim, 2014Oliveira, S.S. & Amorim, D.S. 2014. Catalogue of Neotropical Diptera . Mycetophilidae. Neotropical Diptera , 25: 1-87.). Both species were sampled and Dziedzickia oiampensis Lane, 1961 is recorded for the first time to Roraima along with another 46 morphotypes of 11 genera (Table 2). The catalog information that follows was previously published in Oliveira & Amorim (2014)Oliveira, S.S. & Amorim, D.S. 2014. Catalogue of Neotropical Diptera . Mycetophilidae. Neotropical Diptera , 25: 1-87..

MYCETOPHILIDAE Newman, 1834

Subfamily GNORISTINAE Edwards, 1925

Genus DZIEDZICKIA Johannsen, 1907

= Hertwigia Dziedzickia, 1885 = Dziedzickia Johannsen, 1909 = Syntemna, authors, not Winnertz.

Dziedzickia oiampensis Lane, 1961. Type locality: Brazil (Amapá). Distribution: Brazil (Amapá, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Paraíba, Paraná, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo).

Dziedzickia sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Dziedzickia sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Dziedzickia sp. 3, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Dziedzickia sp. 4, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Subfamily LEIINAE Edwards, 1925

Genus LEIA Meigen, 1818

= Glaphyroptera Winnertz, 1863 = Neoglaphyroptera Osten Sacken, 1878.

Leia sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Leia sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Leia sp. 3, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Leia sp. 4, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Leia sp. 5, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Leia sp. 6, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus LEIELLA Enderlein, 1910

= Metaleia Baxter in Baxter & Poinar, 1994.

Leiella sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus TETRAGONEURA Winnertz, 1846

Tetragoneura rara Duret, 1980. Type locality: Brazil (Roraima). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima).

Subfamily MANOTINAE Edwards, 1925

Genus MANOTA Williston, 1896

= Aphanizophleps Enderlein, 1910.

Manota sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Subfamily MYCETOPHILINAE Newman, 1834

Genus BORACEOMYIA Lane, 1948

= Exechia, authors, not Winnertz.

Boraceomyia sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Boraceomyia sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus EPICYPTA Winnertz, 1863

= Delopsis Skuse, 1890 = Plastacephala Enderlein, 1910.

Epicypta sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Epicypta sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Epicypta sp. 3, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Epicypta sp. 4, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Epicypta sp. 5, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Epicypta sp. 6, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Epicypta sp. 7, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Epicypta sp. 8, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Epicypta sp. 9, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Epicypta sp. 10, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Epicypta sp. 11, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Epicypta sp. 12, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Epicypta sp. 13, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Epicypta sp. 14, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Epicypta sp. 15, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Epicypta sp. 16, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus MYCETOPHILA Meigen, 1803

= Fungivora Meigen, 1800.

Mycetophila sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Mycetophila sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Mycetophila sp. 3, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Mycetophila sp. 4, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Mycetophila sp. 5, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Mycetophila sp. 6, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus NEALLODIA Edwards, 1932

Neallodia sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Neallodia sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus SCEPTONIA Winnertz, 1863

Sceptonia sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Sceptonia sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Subfamily MYCOMYINAE Edwards, 1925

Genus MYCOMYA Rondani, 1856

= Cnephaeophila Philippi, 1865 = Sciophila, authors, not Meigen.

Mycomya sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus NEOEMPHERIA Osten Sacken, 1878

= Empheria Winnertz, 1863 = Pleonazoneura Enderlein, 1910 = Neurocompsa Enderlein, 1910.

Neoempheria sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Neoempheria sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Neoempheria sp. 3, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Neoempheria sp. 4, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Subfamily SCIOPHILINAE Rondani, 1840

Genus CLUZOBRA Edwards, 1940

Cluzobra aitkeni Lane, 1956. Type locality: Trinidad (Arena Forest). Distribution: Brazil (Amapá, Roraima), French Guiana, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago.

Cluzobra sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus MONOCLONA Mik, 1886

= Staegeria van der Wulp, 1876.

Monoclona sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Monoclona sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Scatopsidae (Fig. 3F). The minute black scavengers or dung midges compose a small family of flies. Not much is known about the biology of the Scatopsidae. Larvae are possibly saprophagous, but they develop in a wide variety of substrates, on decaying plant and animal material, and also in water. A review of the knowledge on the immature stages was published by Haenni & Vaillant (1994Haenni, J.P. & Vaillant, F. 1994. Description of dendrolimnobiontic larvae of Scatopsidae (Diptera) with a review of our knowledge of the preimaginal stages of the family. Mittheilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 67(1): 43-59. https://doi.org/10.5169/seals-402544.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5169/... ). Adults are small and can be found in many different habitats. Adults of some genera sometimes are found feeding on flowers and may act as pollinators (Heiduk et al., 2021Heiduk, A.; Meve, U.; Menzel, F.; Haenni, J.-P.; Tschirnhaus, M.v.; Dötterl, S. & Johnson, S.D. 2021. Fly Pollination of Kettle Trap Flowers of Riocreuxia torulosa (Ceropegieae-Anisotominae): A Generalized System of Floral Deception. Plants, 10: 1564. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10081564.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/... ). Occasionally, populations can be observed in large numbers aggregated over the substrate (Amorim, 2009bAmorim, D.S. 2009b. Scatopsidae. In: Brown, B.; Borkent, A.; Cumming, J.M.; Wood, D.M. & Zumbado, M.A. (Eds.). Diptera of Central America. Ottawa, NRC-CNRC. v. 1, p. 347-355.; Haenni & Amorim, 2017Haenni, J.P. & Amorim, D.S. 2017. Scatopsidae. In: Kirk-Spriggs, A.H. & Sinclair, B.J. (Eds.). Manual of Afrotropical Diptera. Volume 2. Nematocerous Diptera and lower Brachycera. Suricata 5. Pretoria, South African National Biodiversity Institute, p. 641-651. https://www.nhm.ac.uk/content/dam/nhmwww/our-science/our-work/biodiversity/manual-afrotropical-diptera/manual-afrotropical-diptera-volume-two.
https://www.nhm.ac.uk/content/dam/nhmwww... ). There are 69 species of Scatopsidae reported from the Neotropical region (Amorim, 2009aAmorim, D.S. 2009a. Catalogue of Neotropical Scatopsidae (Diptera: Psychodomorpha). Neotropical Diptera, 4: 1-17.), three of which have been recorded to Brazil - two of the genus Anapausis Enderlein, 1912 and one of the genus Efcookella Haenni, 1998 -, in addition to the cosmopolitan species Scatopse notata (Linnaeus, 1758), Holoplagia guamensis (Johannsen, 1946), and Colbodia fuscipes (Meigen, 1830) (Amorim, 2009aAmorim, D.S. 2009a. Catalogue of Neotropical Scatopsidae (Diptera: Psychodomorpha). Neotropical Diptera, 4: 1-17.). There are records of Holoplagia guamensis in bamboo phytotelmata (see Amorim & Brown, 2020Amorim, D.S. & Brown, B.V. 2020. Urban Scatopsidae (Diptera) of Los Angeles, California, United States. Insect Systematics and Diversity, 4(1): 1-41, https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixaa001.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/... ). There are over 150 undescribed Neotropical species in entomological collections (Amorim, unpublished data). Intensive collecting and describing efforts certainly would raise this number to well above 300. No species has been formally described to the Amazon region. A study of flies in the ZF2 Biological Reserve close to Manaus (state of Amazonas) has found two species of Neorhegmoclemina Cook, 1955, one species of Thripomorpha Enderlein, 1905, one species of BrahemyiaAmorim, 2007Amorim, D.S. & Rindal, E. 2007. Phylogeny of the Mycetophiliformia, with proposal of the subfamilies Heterotrichinae, Ohakuneinae, and Chiletrichinae for the Rangomaramidae (Diptera, Bibionomorpha). Zootaxa , 1535: 1-92. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1535.1.1.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... , and one species of Aztecatopse Haenni & Huerta, 2014 (Amorim et al., 2022Amorim, D.S.; Brown; B.V., Boscolo, D.; Ale-Rocha, R.; Alvarez-Garcia, D.M.; Balbi, M.I.P.A.; Barbosa, A.M.; Capellari, R.S.; de Carvalho, C.J.B.; Couri, M.S.; Dios, R.V.P.; Fachin, D.A.; Ferro, G.B.; Flores, H.F.; Frare, L.M.; Gudin, F.M.; Hauser, M.; Lamas, C.J.E.; Lindsay, K.G.; Marinho, M.A.T.; Marques, D.W.A.; Marshall, S.A.; Mello-Patiu, C.A.; Menezes, M.A.; Morales, M.N.; Nihei, S.S.; Oliveira, S.S.; Pirani, G.; Ribeiro, G.C.; Riccardi, P.R.; Santis, M.D.; Santos, D.; Santos, J.R.; Silva, V.C.; Wood, E.M. & Rafael, J.A. 2022. Vertical stratification of insect abundance and species richness in an Amazonian tropical forest. Scientific Reports, 12: 1734. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-05677-y.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/... ).

SCATOPSIDAE Newman, 1834

Subfamily SCATOPSINAE Newman, 1834

Genus EFCOOKELLA Haenni, 1998

Efcookella sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Bombyliidae (Fig. 3G). The bombyliids, commonly known as bee flies, belong to one of the largest families of Diptera. The family includes more than 5,000 described species in over 250 genera (Li et al., 2020Li, X.; Teasdale, L.C.; Bayless, K.M.; Ellis, A.G.; Wiegmann, B.M.; Lamas, C.J.E.; Lambkin, C.L.; Evenhuis, N.L.; Nicholls, J.A.; Hartley, D.; Shin, S.; Trautwein, M.; Zwick, A.; Lessard, B.D. & Yeates, D.K. 2020. Phylogenomics reveals accelerated late Cretaceous diversification of bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae). Cladistics , 37(3): 276-297. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12436.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/... ), which are classified into 17 subfamilies and 18 tribes (Evenhuis & Greathead, 2015Evenhuis, N.L. & Greathead, D.J. 2015. World catalog of bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae). Leiden, Backhuys Publishers .; Yamaguchi et al., 2017Yamaguchi, C.; Lamas, C.J.E. & Evenhuis, N.L. 2017. A new Neotropical genus of bee flies (Diptera, Bombyliidae, Phthiriinae). Zootaxa , 4363(4): 521-534. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4363.4.4.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ). The Neotropical fauna counts with 63 genera and about 471 species, 109 of which occur in Brazil, mostly in the North and Southeast regions (Evenhuis & Greathead, 1999Evenhuis, N.L. & Greathead, D.J. 1999. World catalog of bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae). Leiden, Backhuys Publishers., 2015Evenhuis, N.L. & Greathead, D.J. 2015. World catalog of bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae). Leiden, Backhuys Publishers .). Up till now, Roraima had eight genera, 11 known species (Evenhuis & Greathead, 2015Evenhuis, N.L. & Greathead, D.J. 2015. World catalog of bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae). Leiden, Backhuys Publishers .; Rafael, 1991Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), and three morphospecies (Rafael, 1991Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ). This study raised to 11 the number of genera known to the state (Chrysanthrax Osten Sacken, 1886, Exoprosopa Macquart, 1840, and Geron Meigen, 1820 were recorded for the first time). Moreover, there are now 21 species or morphospecies assigned to this state. The examined material of the present study counts with seven species/morphospecies that are recorded for the first time to Ilha de Maracá, five of which are new to science.

BOMBYLIIDAE Latreille, 1802

Subfamily ANTHRACINAE Latreille, 1804

Genus ANTHRAX Scopoli, 1763

= Leucamoeba Sack, 1909 = Chalcamoeba Sack, 1909.

Anthrax angustipennis Macquart, 1840 = Anthrax binotata Macquart, 1846. Type locality: French Guiana. Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Maranhão, Pará, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima), Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Anthrax georgicus Macquart, 1834 = Anthrax analis Say, 1823 = Anthrax georgica Macquart, 1834 = Anthrax cedens Walker, 1852 = Hemipenthes latelimbatus Bigot, 1892 = Spongostylum grossbecki Johnson, 1913: 55 = Spongostylum occidentalis Johnson, 1913. Type locality: ‘De la Géorgie’ = United States (Georgia). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima), Canada, Costa Rica, Cuba, Mexico, Nicaragua, United States.

Anthrax luctuosus Macquart, 1840. Type locality: French Guiana. Distribution: Brazil (Acre, Roraima), Colombia, Costa Rica, French Guiana, Mexico, Panama, Venezuela.

Anthrax oedipus Fabricius, 1805 = Anthrax irrorata Macquart, 1840 = Exoprosopa punctata Macquart, 1850 = Anthrax punctum Walker, 1849 = Anthrax aequa Walker, 1852 = Argyromoeba caloptera Schiner, 1868. Type locality: “Americae meridionalis Insulis” = United States (Virgin Islands). Distribution: Argentina, Brazil (Acre, Goiás, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima), Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, Jamaica, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Uruguay, United States, United States Virgin Islands, Venezuela.

Comments: All these four Anthrax Scopoli, 1763 firstly recorded to IIha de Maracá, Roraima, Brazil by Rafael (1991Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) were found in the samples collected in 2015 (Table 2).

Tribe EXOPROSOPINI Becker, 1913

Genus EXOPROSOPA Macquart, 1840

= Litorhynchus Macquart, 1840 = Trinaria Mulsant, 1852 = Argyrospila Rondani, 1856 = Litorrhynchus Verrall in Scudder, 1882 = Exoptata Coquillett, 1887 = Cladodisca Bezzi, 1922 = Litomyza Hull, 1973.

Exoprosopa sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Comments: The series of Exoprosopa specimens collected in 2015 probably represents a new species and are now being studied by C.J.E.L. research team.

Genus NYIA Márquez-Acero, Lambkin & Lamas, 2020

Nyia klugii (Wiedemann, 1830). Type locality: Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul). Distribution: Argentina, Brazil (Pará, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima), Mexico, Paraguay, Uruguay.

Nyia maracaensis (Lamas & Couri, 1995). Type locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima).

Nyia proserpina (Wiedemann, 1828) = Anthrax rufescens Walker, 1849. Type locality: Brazil, Uruguay. Distribution: Brazil (Goiás, Pará, Roraima), Costa Rica, Cuba, Guatemala, Jamaica, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru.

Comments: All these three species of Nyia were already recorded to Roraima, Brazil. Additional specimens of all species, except N. klugii, were collected in the present study.

Tribe VILLINI Hull, 1973

Genus CHRYSANTHRAX Osten Sacken, 1886

Chrysanthrax sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Comments: A revisionary study of the genus Chrysanthrax in the Neotropical region should be implemented to allow species identification.

Genus VILLA Lioy, 1864

= Hyalanthrax Osten Sacken, 1886 = Aspiloptera Künckel d’Herculais, 1905 = Protepacmus† Cockerell, 1916.

Villa lineata Walker, 1857. Type locality: ‘Valley of the Amazon’ = Brazil. Distribution: Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Pará, Roraima).

Villa sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Comments: Despite the presence of a record for Villa lineata Walker, 1857 in IIha de Maracá (Rafael, 1991Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), we would rather keep the new collected series of Villa as undetermined until a revisionary study of the genus in the Neotropical region is implemented to allow species identification.

Subfamily ECLIMINAE Hall, 1969

Genus LEPIDOPHORA Westwood, 1835

Lepidophora secutor Walker, 1857. Type locality: ‘Valley of the Amazon’ = Brazil. Distribution: Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima), Colombia, Guyana, Peru, Venezuela.

Comments: This species was already recorded to IIha de Maracá, Roraima, Brazil by Rafael (1991Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ). Additional specimens were not collected.

Subfamily LOMATIINAE Schiner, 1868

Tribe LOMATIINI Schiner, 1868

Genus OGCODOCERA Macquart, 1840

= Oncodeocera Agassiz, 1846 = Oncodocera Verrall in Scudder, 1882 = Oncodocera Bigot, 1892.

Ogcodocera sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Comments: An unidentified species of Ogcodocera was already recorded to IIha de Maracá, Roraima, Brazil by Rafael (1991Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ). Additional specimens were not collected.

Subfamily TOXOPHORINAE Schiner, 1868

Tribe GERONTINI Hesse, 1938

Genus GERON Meigen, 1820

= Amictogeron Hesse, 1938.

Geron albidus Walker, 1857. Type locality: ‘Valley of the Amazon’, Brazil. Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas or Pará, Roraima).

Tribe TOXOPHORINI Schiner, 1868

Genus TOXOPHORA Meigen, 1803

= Eniconevra Macquart, 1840 = Heniconevra Agassiz, 1846 = Heniconeura Bezzi, 1903 = Toxomyia Hull, 1973.

Toxophora aurea Macquart, 1848 = Toxophora aurifera Rondani, 1848 = Toxophora dryitis Séguy, 1930 = Toxophora veronaCurran, 1934Curran, C.H. 1934. The families and genera o North American Diptera. New York, American Museum Natural History. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/6825.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibl... . Type locality: Brazil (Paraná). Distribution: (Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Distrito Federal, Mato Grosso, Pará, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, São Paulo), French Guiana.

Toxophora leucon Séguy, 1930. Type locality: Argentina. Distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, (Mato Grosso, Pará, São Paulo, Roraima), Paraguay.

Comments: The series of Toxophora leucon Séguy, 1930 collected in the present study represents the first record of the species to Roraima.

Subfamily PHTHIRIINAE Becker, 1913

Genus MUSCATHERES Evenhuis, 1986

Muscatheres luridus (Walker, 1857). Type locality: Brazil (Pará). Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Roraima).

Comments: This species was already recorded to IIha de Maracá, Roraima, Brazil by Rafael (1991Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ). Additional specimens were not collected.

Tribe POECILOGNATHINI Hall & Evenhuis, 1987

Genus POECILOGNATHUS Jaennicke, 1867

= Agenosia Hull, 1973 = Geronites† Cockerell, 1915.

Poecilognathus sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Poecilognathus sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Poecilognathus sp. 3, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Poecilognathus sp. 4, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Comments: Two different morphospecies of Poecilognathus Jaennicke, 1867 were already recorded to IIha de Maracá by Rafael (1991Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ). Now, based on the collections of 2015, four undescribed species of this genus are recognized and are being studied and described by C.Y. and C.J.E.L. We decided to record only four different Poecilognathus species to Roraima, because we believe the two previous morphospecies recorded by Rafael (1991)Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... , which are not examined in this study, are probably among the four undescribed species recognized herein.

Mythicomyiidae (Fig. 3H). The mythicomyiids are minute flies, with body length between 0.5-5 mm. This family is found in nearly all terrestrial environments, except in higher altitudes and latitudes (Greathead & Evenhuis, 2001Greathead, D.J. & Evenhuis, N.L. 2001. Annotated keys to the genera of African Bombylioidea (Diptera: Bombyliidae; Mythicomyiidae). African Invertebrates, 42: 105-224. http://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC84477.
http://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC84477... ). Mythicomyiidae has approximately 400 species distributed in 23 genera (Evenhuis, 2002Evenhuis, N.L. 2002. Catalog of the Mythicomyiidae of the World (Insecta: Diptera). Bishop Museum Bulletins in Entomology, 10: 1-85.; Lamas et al., 2015Lamas, C.J.E.; Falaschi R.L. & Evenhuis, N.L. 2015. A new genus and species of micro bee flies from Brazil (Diptera: Mythicomyiidae: Psiloderoidinae). Zootaxa , 3955(3): 403-416. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3955.3.7.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ; Mendes et al., 2019Mendes, L.L.; Lamas, C.J.E.; Evenhuis, N.L. & Limeira-De-Oliveira, F. 2019. New Pieza Evenhuis (Diptera, Mythicomyiidae, Mythicomyiinae) from Northeast Brazil. Zootaxa , 4629(1): 1-25. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4629.1.1.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ) and is classified into six subfamilies (Evenhuis, 2002Evenhuis, N.L. 2002. Catalog of the Mythicomyiidae of the World (Insecta: Diptera). Bishop Museum Bulletins in Entomology, 10: 1-85.). Up to date, the Neotropical region has 28 described species in seven genera. The Brazilian fauna comprises 12 species, but previous to this study no records of the family were known for the Amazon basin.

MYTHICOMYIIDAE Melander, 1902

Subfamily GLABELLULINAE Cockerell, 1914

Genus GLABELLULA Bezzi, 1902

= Platygaster Zetterstedt, 1838 = Sphaerogaster Zetterstedt, 1842 = Glabella Loew, 1873 = Pachyneres Greene, 1924 = Proglabellula† Hennig, 1966.

Glabellula sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Comments: The single specimen of Glabellula Bezzi, which is being studied and described by the C.J.E.L. research team, represents the first record of the genus in South America and the first record of Mythicomyiidae in the state of Roraima (Tables 1-2).

Tabanidae (Fig. 3I). Commonly known as horse flies and deer flies, this family is composed by insects of medium to large size (4-25 mm), distributed in all biogeographic regions. Tabanidae has about 4,500 valid species in over 125 genera (Moucha, 1976Moucha, J. 1976. Horseflies (Diptera: Tabanidae) of the World. Synoptic Catalogue. Acta Entomologica Museis Nationalis Prague, 7(Suppl): 1-319.; Pape & Thompson, 2019Pape, T. & Thompson, F.C. 2019. Systema Dipterorum (version 2.0, Jan 2011). In: Roskov, Y.; Ower, G.; Orrell, T.; Nicolson, D.; Bailly, N.; Kirk, P.M.; Bourgoin, T.; DeWalt, R.E.; Decock, W.; Nieukerken, E. van; Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L. (Eds.). Species 200 & ITIS Catalogue of Life, 2019 Annual Checklist. Available: Available: http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2019 . Access: 21/02/2021.
http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-ch... ). They are traditionally divided in four subfamilies - Scepsidinae, Pangoniinae, Chrysopsinae, and Tabaninae (Mackerras, 1954Mackerras, I.M. 1954. The classification and distribution of Tabanidae (Diptera). l. General review. Australian Journal of Zoology, 2: 431-454.). The Neotropical region counts with over 1,000 species in 70 genera, 486 species of which are known to Brazil (Coscarón & Papavero, 2009Coscarón, S. & Papavero, N. 2009. Catalogue of Neotropical Diptera . Tabanidae. Neotropical Diptera , 16: 1-199.; Henriques & Krolow, 2021Henriques, A.L. & Krolow, T.K. 2021. Tabanidae. In: Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD . Available: Available: http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadoBrasil/30175 . Access: 25/01/2021.
http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadoBr... ). Several tabanids are broadly distributed throughout the Neotropical region, some of them ranging from Mexico to Argentina. Up to now, Roraima has 49 valid species divided in 19 genera (Rafael et al., 1991Rafael, J.A.; Gorayeb, I.S.; Rosa, M.S.S. & Henriques, A.L. 1991. Tabanidae (Diptera) da Ilha de Maracá e Serra Pacaraima, Roraima, Brasil, com descrição de duas espécies novas. Acta Amazonica , 21: 351-367. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211367.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Coscarón & Papavero, 2009Coscarón, S. & Papavero, N. 2009. Catalogue of Neotropical Diptera . Tabanidae. Neotropical Diptera , 16: 1-199.). Of the 18 species collected in the 2015 expedition (Table 2), Tabanus guyanensis Macquart, 1846 and T. kwatta Fairchild, 1983 were already known from other localities of the Amazon basin but are new records to Roraima.

TABANIDAE Latreille, 1802

Subfamily CHRYSOPSINAE Blanchard, 1840

Genus CHRYSOPS Meigen, 1803

= Chrysops (Heterochrysops) Kröeber, 1920 = Chrisops Fraga, 1936.

Chrysops formosus Kröeber, 1926 = C. tuxeni Philip, 1955. Type locality: Brazil (Pará). Distribution: Brazil (Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Maranhão, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima), French Guiana, Trinidad and Tobago.

Chrysops laetus Fabricius, 1805 = C. laetus var. tenuistria Kröeber, 1926. Type locality: Guyana. Distribution: Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima), Colombia, Suriname.

Chrysops variegatus (De Geer, 1776) = Tabanus costatus Fabricius, 1794 = Chrysops molestus Guérin-Méneville, 1835 = C. vulneratus Rondani, 1848 = C. subfascipennis Macquart, 1855 = C. amazonius Rondani, 1863 = C. costatus var. crucians Jaennicke, 1867 = C. peruviensis Kröeber, 1925 = C. peruvianus Fairchild & Burger, 1994. Type locality: Suriname. Distribution: Antilles, Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil (Acre, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Roraima), Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Mexico, Suriname, Venezuela.

Subfamily PANGONIINAE Rondani, 1856

Genus ESENBECKIA Rondani, 1863

= Dyspangonia Lutz, 1905 = Esenbackia Surcouf, 1909.

Esenbeckia prasiniventris (Macquart, 1846) = E. semiviridis Ricardo, 1900 = E. prasiventris Hunter, 1901. Type locality: Colombia. Distribution: Brazil (Roraima), Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Esenbeckia suturalis (Rondani, 1848). Type locality: Brazil (Pará). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima, Pará) Peru, Trinidad and Tobago.

Genus FIDENA Walker, 1850

= Pangonia subgen. Fidena Walker, 1850 = Pangonia subgen. Melpia Walker, 1850 = Erephopsis Rondani, 1863 = Sackenimyia Bigot, 1879 = Erephosis Bigot, 1891 = Erephrosis Ricardo, 1900 = Phaeoneura Lutz, 1909 = Epipsila Lutz, 1909 = Ionopis Lutz, 1909 = Ionopsis Lutz, 1909 = Bombylopsis Lutz, 1909 = Bombylomyia Lutz, 1911 = Phaeomyia Lutz, 1911 = Bombylomorpha Lutz, 1911 = Jonopsis Enderlein, 1925 = Erephrosis Ricardo, 1931 = Chrysochiton Lutz & Castro, 1936.

Fidena schildi (Hine, 1925) = F. nigricans Kröeber, 1930 = F. nigricorpus Kröeber, 1934. Type locality: Costa Rica. Distribution: Brazil (Roraima), Colombia, Costa Rica, French Guiana, Panama.

Subfamily TABANINAE Latreille, 1802

Genus ACANTHOCERA Macquart, 1834

= Spheciogaster Enderlein, 1922Enderlein, G. 1922. Klassifikation der Micropeziden. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 88: 140-229. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45506103.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page... .

Acanthocera marginalis Walker, 1854 = A. formosa Kröeber, 1930. Type locality: Brazil (Pará). Distribution: Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará, Roraima), Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname.

Genus BOLBODIMYIA Bigot, 1892

= Snowielius Hine, 1904.

Bolbodimyia brunneipennis Stone, 1954. Type locality: Brazil (Pará). Distribution: Brazil (Amapá, Pará, Roraima), Guyana.

Genus CATACHLOROPS Lutz, 1913b

Catachlorops bindaiRafael, Gorayeb, Rosa & Henriques, 1991Rafael, J.A.; Gorayeb, I.S.; Rosa, M.S.S. & Henriques, A.L. 1991. Tabanidae (Diptera) da Ilha de Maracá e Serra Pacaraima, Roraima, Brasil, com descrição de duas espécies novas. Acta Amazonica , 21: 351-367. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211367.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... . Type locality: Brazil (Roraima). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima).

Catachlorops halteratus Kröeber, 1931. Type locality: Guyana. Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima), French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname.

Catachlorops rufescens (Fabricius, 1805) = C. ruficeps Kertész, 1900 = C. scutellatus Kröeber, 1931. Type locality: Guyana. Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima), French Guiana, Guyana.

Genus CHLOROTABANUS Lutz, 1913b

Chlorotabanus inanis (Fabricius, 1787) = Tabanus ochroleucus Meigen, 1804 = T. sulphureus Palisot de Beauvois, 1819 = T. sulphureus Macquart, 1847 = T. inconspicuus Walker, 1848 = T. viridiflavus Walker, 1850. Type locality: French Guiana. Distribution: Belize, Brazil (Paraná, Roraima, São Paulo), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Mexico, Suriname, Venezuela.

Genus CRYPTOTYLUS Lutz, 1913

= Ommalia Enderlein, 1923.

Cryptotylus unicolor (Wiedemann, 1828) = Tabanus ferrugineus Thunberg, 1789 = T. castaneus Macquart, 1834 = T. ochraceus Macquart, 1838 = T. sulphureus Macquart, 1847 = T. princeps Brèthes, 1910 = Ommalia viridis Enderlein, 1925. Type locality: Brazil. Distribution: Argentina, Brazil (Mato Grosso, Roraima), French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Paraguay, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago.

Genus DIACHLORUS Osten Sacken, 1876

= Diabasis Macquart, 1834.

Diachlorus bicinctus (Fabricius, 1805) = Diabasis diversipes Macquart, 1848 = Pseudoselasoma bicinctum Enderlein, 1925. Type locality: Guyana. Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Pará, Paraíba, Rondônia, Roraima), Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Diachlorus curvipes (Fabricius, 1805) = Diabasis ataenia Macquart, 1838 = Chrysops varipes Walker, 1854 = C. terminalis Macquart, 1855. Type locality: Guyana. Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Amapá, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima), Colombia, Costa Rica, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago.

Diachlorus fuscistigma Lutz, 1913 = D. ochraceus Macquart of Kröeber, 1928 = D. angustifrons Kröeber, 1930. Type locality: Brazil (Amazonas). Distribution: Brazil (Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Rondônia, Roraima), Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Suriname.

Diachlorus xynus Fairchild, 1972. Type locality: Peru. Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará, Roraima), Colombia, Peru, Suriname.

Genus DICHELACERA Macquart, 1838

= Acanthocerella Brèthes, 1910 = DicheloceraEnderlein, 1922Enderlein, G. 1922. Klassifikation der Micropeziden. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 88: 140-229. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45506103.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page... = RhamphisEnderlein, 1922Enderlein, G. 1922. Klassifikation der Micropeziden. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 88: 140-229. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45506103.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page... = Linapha Enderlein, 1923a = Neorhamphis Kröeber, 1931e = Macropalpigera Kröeber, 1931f = Lanemyia Barreto, 1949 = Fairchildia Barretto, 1960.

Dichelacera cervicornis (Fabricius, 1805) = D. multifascia Walker, 1850a = D. multifasciata Walker, 1850a. Type locality: Guyana. Distribution: Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima), Guyana, Peru, Suriname.

Dichelacera marginata Macquart, 1847 = D. hinnulus Walker, 1850b = D. emarginata Hine, 1817. Type locality: French Guiana. Distribution: Brazil (Roraima), Colombia, Costa Rica, Peru, French Guiana, Guyana, Nicaragua, Panama, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Genus LEPISELAGA Macquart, 1838

= Hadrus Perty, 1833 = Lepidoselaga Agassiz, 1847.

Lepiselaga crassipes (Fabricius, 1805) = Tabanus lepidotus Wiedemann, 1828 = Lepidoselaga recta Loew, 1869 = Lepiselaga major Szilády, 1926 = L. crassipes var. fenestrata Hack, 1953. Type locality: Guyana. Distribution: Antilles, Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima, São Paulo), Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Genus LEUCOTABANUS Lutz, 1913b

Leucotabanus albovarius (Walker, 1854) = Tabanus unicinctus Walker, 1857 = Leucotabanus leuconotum Fairchild, 1941b. Type locality: Brazil (Amazonas). Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima), Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname.

Leucotabanus exaestuans (Linnaeus, 1758) = Tabanus leucaspis Wiedemann, 1828 = T. albicans Macquart, 1846 = T. albiscutellatus Macquart, 1850 = T. cingulifer Walker, 1857 = T. melanopterus Brèthes, 1910 = Leucotabanus exoestuans Barreto, 1957. Type locality: ‘America’. Distribution: Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Pará, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, São Paulo, Tocantins), Colombia, Costa Rica, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Genus PHAEOTABANUS Lutz, 1913b

Phaeotabanus cajennensis (Fabricius, 1787) = Tabanus caiennensis Kertész, 1908 = Phaeotabanus caiennensis Lutz, 1928 = Tabanus decoloratus Kröeber, 1931a. Type locality: French Guyana. Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, São Paulo), Colombia, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Phaeotabanus fervens (Linnaeus, 1758). Type locality: ‘South America’. Distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Mato Grosso do Sul, Roraima), Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Phaeotabanus nigriflavus (Kröeber, 1930b) = Tabanus (Phaeotabanus) obscurehirtus Kröeber, 1930b = T. (Phaeotabanus) obscuripilis Kröeber, 1930b = Phaeotabanus obscuripilus Philip, 1960a = P. obscurepilisMoucha, 1976Moucha, J. 1976. Horseflies (Diptera: Tabanidae) of the World. Synoptic Catalogue. Acta Entomologica Museis Nationalis Prague, 7(Suppl): 1-319. = P. obscurepilus Fairchild & Burger, 1994. Type locality: French Guiana. Distribution: Brazil (Amapá, Roraima), Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Genus PHILIPOTABANUS Fairchild, 1943

Philipotabanus stigmaticalis (Kröeber, 1931a). Type locality: Brazil (Pará). Distribution: Brazil (Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Roraima), Guyana.

Genus POECILODERAS Lutz, 1921

= Poecilosoma Lutz, 1909b = Poecilochlamys Lutz, 1922 = DasyprhyrtaEnderlein, 1922Enderlein, G. 1922. Klassifikation der Micropeziden. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 88: 140-229. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45506103.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page... = HybopelmaEnderlein, 1922Enderlein, G. 1922. Klassifikation der Micropeziden. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 88: 140-229. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45506103.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page... = Poesilochlamys Lutz, 1928 = Hypopelma Kröeber, 1929d.

Poeciloderas quadripunctatus (Fabricius, 1805) = Tabanus elegans Thunberg, 1827 = T. punctipennis Macquart, 1838 = T. maculipennis Macquart, 1846 = T. amabilis Walker, 1848 = T. nigropunctatus Bellardi, 1859 = T. habilis Brèthes, 1910 = Poeciloderas dasyphyrtina Enderlein, 1925 = Tabanus platyventris Kröeber, 1931b = Poeciloderas quadripunctatus var. amabilinus Philip, 1960a. Type locality: Guyana. Distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Espírito Santo, Maranhão, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Tocantins), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela.

Genus SELASOMA Macquart, 1838

Selasoma tibiale (Fabricius, 1805) = Hadrus chalybeus Perty, 1833 = H. cyaneum Walker, 1848. Type locality: Guyana. Distribution: Argentina, Brazil (Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, São Paulo), Colombia, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Genus STIBASOMA Schiner, 1867

Stibasoma fulvohirtum (Wiedemann, 1828) = Tabanus compactus Walker, 1854 = Stibasoma dives Walker of Lutz, 1915 = S. fulvihirtum Pechuman, 1942. Type locality: Brazil. Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guyana, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Genus STYPOMMISA Enderlein, 1914

= Stictotabanus Lutz & Neiva, 1914 = Therioplectes Enderlein, 1925 = Stypommia Enderlein of Kröeber, 1929 = Sziladya Enderlein of Kröeber, 1929c = Scladynus Kröeber, 1930a = Enderleiniella Kröeber, 1932 = Dudaelia Strand, 1932.

Stypommisa captiroptera (Kröeber, 1930b) = Stenotabanus xenium Fairchild, 1947 = Stypommisa flavescens Kröeber of Barreto, 1957. Type locality: Venezuela. Distribution: Belize, Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima), Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Venezuela.

Stypommisa vidaliRafael, Gorayeb, Rosa & Henriques, 1991Rafael, J.A.; Gorayeb, I.S.; Rosa, M.S.S. & Henriques, A.L. 1991. Tabanidae (Diptera) da Ilha de Maracá e Serra Pacaraima, Roraima, Brasil, com descrição de duas espécies novas. Acta Amazonica , 21: 351-367. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211367.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... . Type locality: Brazil (Roraima). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima).

Genus TABANUS Linnaeus, 1758

= Bellardia Rondani, 1863 = Macrocormus Lutz, 1909b = Neotabanus Lutz, 1909b = Macrocormus Lutz, 1911b = Chelotabanus Lutz, 1913a = Macrocormus Lutz, 1913a = Neotabanus Lutz, 1913a = Odontotabanus Lutz, 1918 = BrachypsalidiaEnderlein, 1922Enderlein, G. 1922. Klassifikation der Micropeziden. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 88: 140-229. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45506103.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page... = ChelommiaEnderlein, 1922Enderlein, G. 1922. Klassifikation der Micropeziden. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 88: 140-229. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45506103.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page... = Hybostraba Enderlein, 1923 = Straba Enderlein, 1923 = Lophotabanus Szilády, 1926 = Bellaria Strand, 1928 = Taeniotabanus Kröeber, 1930e = Taeniotabanus Kröeber, 1931b = Astigmatophtalmus Kröeber, 1931d = Aliomma Borgmeier, 1934.

Tabanus angustifrons Macquart, 1848 = T. alboater Walker, 1850b = T. atricornis Bigot, 1892a. Type locality: French Guiana. Distribution: Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima), Colombia, French Guiana, Peru, Venezuela.

Tabanus antarcticus Linnaeus, 1758 = T. surinamensis Kröeber, 1929c = T. xipe Kröeber, 1934. Type locality: Suriname. Distribution: Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima), Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Tabanus callosus Macquart, 1848. Type locality: Brazil. Distribution: Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima), Colombia, Guyana, Peru.

Tabanus claripennis (Bigot, 1892a) = T. filiolus Williston of Johnson, 1919 = T. ameghionoi Brèthes, 1910 = T. hookeri Knab, 1915 = Hybostraba ovalipalpus Enderlein, 1925 = Archiplatius pygmaeus Enderlein, 1925 = Tabanus flavifrons Szilády, 1926 = T. (Agelanius) frontosus Kröeber, 1931a = T. ?venezuelensis Kröeber, 1931a = T. (Hybostraba) pulchella Kröeber, 1931b = T. (Hydrostaba) pulcher Kröeber, 1934 = T. (Agelanius) pusio Kröeber, 1934. Type locality: ‘Australia’ (error). Distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Venezuela, West Indies.

Tabanus crassicornis Wiedemann, 1821. Type locality: ‘America’. Distribution: Brazil (Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima), Colombia, French Guiana, Suriname, Venezuela.

Tabanus discus Wiedemann, 1828 = T. infuscatipennis Surcouf, 1919 = T. cervinus Kröeber, 1929e = T. (Lophotabanus) communis Kröeber, 1930d = Chelommia ?melanocnemis Barreto, 1957. Type locality: Brazil. Distribution: Brazil (Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima), Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago.

Tabanus guyanensis Macquart, 1846. Type locality: French Guiana. Distribution: Brazil (Amapá, Roraima), Ecuador, French Guiana, Peru.

Tabanus importunus Wiedemann, 1828 = T. monogramma Wiedemann, 1828 = T. valterii Macquart, 1828b = T. lividus Walker, 1848 = T. albidicollis Macquart, 1850 = T. semisordidus Walker, 1854 = T. albicollis Hunter, 1901. Type locality: Brazil. Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima, São Paulo, Tocantins), French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago.

Tabanus kwatta Fairchild, 1983. Type locality: Suriname. Distribution: Brazil (Pará, Roraima), Suriname.

Tabanus lineifrons Lutz, 1912. Type locality: Brazil (Mato Grosso). Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Rondônia, Roraima).

Tabanus nebulosus De Geer, 1776 = T. ?surinamensis Macquart, 1838 = T. incertus Macquart, 1838 = T. ferrifer Walker, 1850a = T. interpunctus Lutz, 1918 = T. erythraeus Bigot of Brèthes, 1921 = T. druyvesteijni Szilády, 1926 = T. ornativentris Kröeber, 1929c = T. transversalifuscatus Kröeber, 1930a = T. nubeculipennis Kröeber, 1931g. Type locality: Suriname. Distribution: Argentina, Belize, Brazil (Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima, Tocantins), French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Tabanus nematocallus Fairchild, 1984. Type locality: Brazil (Amazonas). Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Rondônia, Roraima), Colombia, Guyana, Peru, Venezuela.

Tabanus occidentalis Linnaeus, 1758 = T. dorsiger Wiedemann, 1821 = T. occidentalis var. modestus Wiedemann, 1828 = T. importunus Macquart, 1847 = T. occidentalis var. consequa Walker, 1850b = T. plangens Walker, 1854 = T. occidentalis var. dorsovittatus Macquart, 1855 = T. carneus Bellardi, 1859 = T. appendiculatus Hine, 1906a = T. trilineatus Latreille of Hine, 1906a = T. ochrophilus Lutz, 1914b = T. pallidefemoratus Kröeber, 1919e = T. globulicallosus Kröeber, 1931a = T. lineola Fabricius of Brèthes, 1907 = T. stuppeus Fairchild, 1942c = T. columbus Fairchild, 1942c. Type locality: ‘America meridionalis’ Distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Tocantins), Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Suriname, Venezuela.

Comments: A species widespread in the Neotropical region and with great morphological variation. Several varieties have been proposed based on small morphological traits, three of which have records for Maracá: Tabanus occidentalis var. consequa Walker, 1850, T. occidentalis var. dorsovittatus, Macquart, 1855 and T. occidentalis var. modestus Wiedemann, 1828 (Rafael et al., 1991Rafael, J.A.; Gorayeb, I.S.; Rosa, M.S.S. & Henriques, A.L. 1991. Tabanidae (Diptera) da Ilha de Maracá e Serra Pacaraima, Roraima, Brasil, com descrição de duas espécies novas. Acta Amazonica , 21: 351-367. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211367.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ). In the present study, only T. occidentalis var. consequa and T. occidentalis var. dorsovittatus were collected. Further studies are necessary to determine if those morphotypes are all conspecific with Tabanus occidentalis Linnaeus, 1758 or should be described as separate species.

Tabanus pellucidus Fabricius, 1805 = T. albibarbis Wiedemann, 1824 = T. ?flavifacies Macquart, 1846 = T. rufoniger Walker, 1850a = T. senior Walker, 1850a = T. melanocnemis Barreto, 1957a = T. crassicornis Wiedemann of Fairchild, 1967a = T. pellucidis Crontreras-Liochtenberg, 2002. Type locality: Guyana. Distribution: Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Roraima), Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela.

Tabanus piceiventris Rondani, 1848 = T. basivitta Walker, 1850b = T. viduus Walker, 1850b = T. marginenevris Macquart, 1855 = T. bicinctus Walker, 1857 = T. marginenrvis Hunter, 1901. Type locality: Brazil (Pará). Distribution: Brazil (Acre, Amapá, Maranhão, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima, Tocantins), Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Tabanus sannio Fairchild, 1956 = T. austeni Kröeber, 1930b. Type locality: Brazil (Amazonas). Distribution: Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima), Ecuador, Peru.

Tabanus trivittatus Fabricius, 1805 = T. fumatipennis Kröeber, 1933a = T. brunniventris Kröeber, 1933a = Taeniotabanus bruniventris Barreto, 1957. Type locality: Guyana. Distribution: Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Maranhão, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima, Tocantins), Colombia, Guyana, Suriname.

Tabanus unimacula Kröeber, 1934 = T. (Phaeotabanus) unimaculatus Kröeber, 1930b. Type locality: Suriname. Distribution: Brazil (Roraima), Ecuador, Suriname.

Stratiomyidae (Fig. 3J). The family, popularly known as soldier flies, has a worldwide distribution with over 2,800 known species in nearly 367 genera (Woodley, 2001Woodley, N.E. 2001. A world catalog of the Stratiomyidae (Insecta: Diptera). Myia, 11: 1-475.; Hauser et al., 2017Hauser, M.; Woodley, N.E. & Fachin, D.A. 2017. Stratiomyidae. In: Kirk-Spriggs, A.H. & Sinclair, B.J. (Eds.). Manual of Afrotropical Diptera. Volume 2. Nematocerous Diptera and lower Brachycera. Suricata 5. Pretoria, South African National Biodiversity Institute. p. 919-979. https://www.nhm.ac.uk/content/dam/nhmwww/our-science/our-work/biodiversity/manual-afrotropical-diptera/manual-afrotropical-diptera-volume-two.
https://www.nhm.ac.uk/content/dam/nhmwww... ). The most recent classification divides the family into 12 subfamilies (Woodley, 2001Woodley, N.E. 2001. A world catalog of the Stratiomyidae (Insecta: Diptera). Myia, 11: 1-475.), all with representatives in the Neotropical region, although Parhadrestiinae is only known from Chile. Approximately 1,000 species are known from the Neotropics (Woodley, 2001Woodley, N.E. 2001. A world catalog of the Stratiomyidae (Insecta: Diptera). Myia, 11: 1-475.). Of these, 347 have been reported to Brazil (Fachin, 2021Fachin, D.A. 2021. Stratiomyidae. In: Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD . Available: Available: http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/1954 . Access: 23/03/2021.
http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobr... ). The knowledge on stratiomyids in Brazil, however, is unequal, as most species and their records have been historically concentrated in a few regions; one example is the state of Santa Catarina, which counts with 135 species records alone. Considering the Brazilian fauna, the entire northern region counts with 95 species in 30 genera, while the majority of these records are from the states of Amazonas (34) and Pará (54), only 29 species had been recorded to the state of Roraima (Fachin, 2021Fachin, D.A. 2021. Stratiomyidae. In: Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD . Available: Available: http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/1954 . Access: 23/03/2021.
http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobr... ) before the present study.

Chrysochlorina castanea (Macquart, 1838) was the first, and for a long time, the only species reported to Roraima (Iide, 1966Iide, P. 1966. Estudo sobre as espécies brasileiras do gênero Chrysochlorina James, 1939 (Diptera, Stratiomyidae). Arquivos de Zoologia do Estado de São Paulo, 14(2): 69-113.). Nearly all stratiomyid records for the state were published in Rafael (1991Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ). In this work, the soldier flies were identified by Dr Wilford J. Hanson, who studied 149 specimens, assigning 142 of them to 26 species, with six others remained as morphospecies, and one could be assigned to subfamily level only. Most of the material identified by Dr. Hanson was reexamined either by photos or by the original specimens at hand and, therefore, some adjustments and corrections are herein provided. Three species are removed from the fauna of Roraima and Brazil: Artemita hieroglyphica (Wiedemann, 1830), Merosargus citrinus James, 1971, and Ptecticus trivittatus Say, 1829. Only A. hieroglyphica is known from other Brazilian states, while M. citrinus is only known from Peru and P. trivitattus is only found in the United States (Woodley, 2001Woodley, N.E. 2001. A world catalog of the Stratiomyidae (Insecta: Diptera). Myia, 11: 1-475.) and Canada, and likely in northern Mexico (https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/320499-Ptecticus-trivittatus). The examination of Rafael’s (1991)Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... material still allowed other adjustments concerning the number of specimens of each species (see list below). The present survey yielded a total of 34 species in 15 genera distributed in seven subfamilies. Only 13 of them had been previously reported by Rafael (1991)Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... and another one by Iide (1966)Iide, P. 1966. Estudo sobre as espécies brasileiras do gênero Chrysochlorina James, 1939 (Diptera, Stratiomyidae). Arquivos de Zoologia do Estado de São Paulo, 14(2): 69-113.. In total, 24 of the 34 species were assigned to known species and ten were kept as morphospecies. The genera Heteracanthia Macquart, 1850, Lyprotemyia Kertész, 1909, and Acrochaeta Wiedemann, 1830 are new records to Roraima. This study has also revealed 10 new records of species for Roraima and three for Brazil (see Table 2). Given the corrections and the inclusion of the new material, the current list of Stratiomyidae from Roraima includes 49 species in 22 genera, 36 of which are assigned to known species. The distribution records for Brazilian states follow the references used by Fachin (2021Fachin, D.A. 2021. Stratiomyidae. In: Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD . Available: Available: http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/1954 . Access: 23/03/2021.
http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobr... ). For the entire Neotropical region, the world catalog of the family (Woodley, 2001Woodley, N.E. 2001. A world catalog of the Stratiomyidae (Insecta: Diptera). Myia, 11: 1-475., 2011aWoodley, N.E. 2011a. A world catalog of the Stratiomyidae (Insecta: Diptera): a supplement with revisionary notes and errata, In: Thompson F.C.; Brake, I. & Lonsdale O. (Eds.). Contributions to the Biosystematic Database of World Diptera. Myia, 12: 379-415.) was used, in addition to Pujol-Luz & Pujol-Luz (2014Pujol-Luz, J.R & Pujol-Luz, C.V.A. 2014. Stratiomyidae. In: Roig-Juñent, S.; Claps, L.E. & Morrone, J.J. (Eds.). Biodiversidad de Artrópodos Argentinos. San Miguel de Tucumán, Editorial INSUE - UNT. v. 4, p. 399-406.) and Fachin & Assis-Pujol (2016a)Fachin, D.A. & Assis-Pujol, C.V. 2016a. Family Stratiomyidae. Zootaxa , 4122(1): 312-341. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.26.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... .

STRATIOMYIDAE Latreille, 1802

Subfamily BERIDINAE Westwood, 1838

Genus HETERACANTHIA Macquart, 1850

Heteracanthia ruficornis Macquart, 1850 = Clitellaria scutellaris Walker, 1854. Type locality: Venezuela (Caracas). Distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Pará, Roraima, São Paulo), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago.

Genus OPLACHANTHA Rondani, 1863

Oplachantha sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Comments: A single female was reported by Rafael (1991Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ). The most recent key for species is in James (1977James, M.T. 1977. The South American species of Oplachantha (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 109(2): 305-315. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent109305-2.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4039/... ), but the specific limits in this genus are poorly understood.

Subfamily CHRYSOCHLORININAE Woodley, 2001Woodley, N.E. 2001. A world catalog of the Stratiomyidae (Insecta: Diptera). Myia, 11: 1-475.

Genus CHRYSOCHLORINA James, 1939

Chrysochlorina castanea (Macquart, 1838). Type locality: ‘Guyane’. Distribution: Brazil (Pará, Rio de Janeiro, Rondônia, Roraima), Guyana, Panama.

Chrysochlorina varia (Curran, 1929). Type locality: Guyana. Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Roraima), Colombia, Guyana, Honduras, Panama, Suriname.

Subfamily CLITELLARIINAE Brauer, 1882

Genus CHORDONOTA Gerstaecker, 1857

Chordonota sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Comments: This species resembles the females of Chordonota inermis (Wiedemann, 1830), but its wing is homogenously infuscate of dark brown, while it is only dark anteriorly in C. inermis. Chordonota Gerstaecker, 1857 was firstly mentioned by Rafael (1991Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... : 331, as Chordonota sp.), but the specimen was not found in the INPA collection.

Genus CYPHOMYIA Wiedemann, 1819

Cyphomyia albitarsis (Fabricius, 1805) = C. fenestrata Macquart, 1846. Type locality: ‘America meridionali’. Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Roraima), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Cyphomyia fascipes Walker, 1854. Type locality: Brazil (Santarém). Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Roraima), Panama, Peru.

Cyphomyia pulchella Gerstaecker, 1857. Type locality: Brazil. Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Roraima), Costa Rica, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Cyphomyia wiedemanni Gerstaecker, 1857 = C. flavispinis Macquart, 1855 = C. cyanispis Bigot, 1876 = C. peruana Lindner, 1933 = C. burmeisteri Lindner, 1949. Type locality: Brazil (Pará, ‘South Brazil’), French Guiana (Cayenne), Suriname, Venezuela. Distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Roraima), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Genus DIAPHOROSTYLUS Kertész, 1908

Diaphorostylus nasica (Williston, 1888). Type locality: Brazil (Mato Grosso). Distribution: Brazil (Mato Grosso, Roraima).

Comments: The specimen mentioned by Rafael (1991Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... : 330) was not found in the INPA collection.

Genus EURYNEURA Schiner, 1868

Euryneura elegans Williston, 1888. Type locality: Brazil. Distribution: Argentina, Belize, Brazil (Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima), Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Comments: The specimen mentioned by Rafael (1991Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... : 330) was not found in the INPA collection.

Subfamily HERMETIINAE Loew, 1862

Genus CHAETOHERMETIA Lindner, 1929

Chaetohermetia apicalis Lindner, 1929. Type locality: Brazil (Pará, Taperinha near Santarém). Distribution: Brazil (Pará, Roraima).

Genus HERMETIA Latreille, 1804

Hermetia albitarsis Fabricius, 1805 = H. apicalis Wiedemann, 1830 = H. bimaculata Wiedemann, 1834 = H. planifrons Macquart, 1846 = H. varipennis Bigot, 1879 = Acrodesmia luederwaldti Enderlein, 1914. Type locality: ‘South America’. Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Mato Grosso do Sul, Pará, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, Santa Catarina), Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Hermetia flavipes Wiedemann, 1830 = Sargus andreas Walker, 1849 = Hermetia setigera James, 1938 = Chaetohermetia aenea Lindner, 1949. Type locality: Brazil. Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Pará, Rondônia, Roraima), Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guyana, Honduras, Panama, Peru, Venezuela.

Hermetia illucens (Linnaeus, 1758) = Musca leucopa Linnaeus, 1767 = Hermetia rufiventris Fabricius, 1805 = H. nigrifacies Bigot, 1879 = H. nigritibia Enderlein, 1914. Type locality: ‘South America’. Distribution: worldwide; in Brazil (Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Distrito Federal, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo).

Comments: It is known to be widespread in Brazil. However, the taxon still lacks records in at least 10 Brazilian states (Fachin, 2021Fachin, D.A. 2021. Stratiomyidae. In: Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD . Available: Available: http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/1954 . Access: 23/03/2021.
http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobr... ).

Hermetia goncalvensi Albuquerque, 1955. Type locality: Brazil (Bahia: Salvador, “Engenho Velho”). Distribution: Brazil (Bahia, Maranhão, Pará, Piauí, Rondônia, Roraima).

Hermetia pulchra Wiedemann, 1830. Type locality: Suriname. Distribution: Brazil (Bahia, Distrito Federal, Roraima), Guyana, Suriname.

Hermetia sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Comments: It is an undescribed species.

Subfamily PACHYGASTRINAE Loew, 1856

Genus ACANTHINOMYIA Hunter, 1900

Acanthinomyia elongata (Wiedemann, 1824) = Beris flavispinosa Macquart, 1855. Type locality: ‘America meridionali’. Distribution: Brazil (Pará, Roraima, São Paulo), Costa Rica, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Comments: The two specimens mentioned in Rafael (1991Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... : 330) were not found in the INPA collection.

Genus ARTEMITA Walker, 1854

Artemita amenides (Walker, 1849). Type locality: Unknown. Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Roraima, Santa Catarina), Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Venezuela.

Artemita podexargenteus Enderlein, 1914 = A. bicolor Kertész, 1914. Type locality: Brazil (Santa Catarina). Distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Pará, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), El Salvador, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Comments: The two specimens of Artemita hieroglyphica determined by Dr. Hanson (Rafael, 1991Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) were examined and are here assigned to A. podexargenteus Enderlein, 1914. These two are very close species and a revision is needed to clarify their limits. Regarding the two specimens determined as A. podexargenteus in Rafael (1991)Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... , one is provisionally identified as Artemita sp. 1.

Artemita sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus CHALCIDOMORPHINA Enderlein, 1914

Chalcidomorphina aurata Enderlein, 1914 = C. crewi Johnson, 1920. Type locality: Colombia (Hacienda Pehlke). Distribution: Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, Santa Catarina), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Venezuela.

Comments: Eight specimens of Chalcidomorphina aurata Enderlein, 1914 were reported by Rafael (1991Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), but nine, all with the same locality labels, are deposited in the INPA collection.

Genus LYPROTEMYIA Kertész, 1909

Lyprotemyia sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Comments: The genus has only five known species of small, black, and inconspicuous pachygastrines. It needs revision because most of the diagnostic features used by James et al. (1980James, M.T.; McFadden, M.W. & Woodley, N.E. 1980. The Pachygastrinae (Diptera, Stratiomyidae) of Middle America. Melanderia, 34(2): 1-36.) could be applied to many other obscure genera of Pachygastrinae.

Genus MANOTES Kertész, 1916

Manotes sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Comments: A single specimen was reported by Rafael (1991Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ). The examination of photographs of this specimen, which is deposited at INPA, allowed to confirm the generic identification only.

Genus PANACRIS Gerstaecker, 1857

Panacris lucida Gerstaecker, 1857 = P. proxima Kertész, 1908. Type locality: French Guiana (Cayenne). Distribution: Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará, Roraima), Costa Rica, French Guiana, Guyana, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru.

Genus POPANOMYIA Kertész, 1909

Popanomyia femoralis Kertész, 1909. Type locality: Peru (Meshagua, Urubamba River). Distribution: Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, Santa Catarina), Panama, Peru.

Popanomyia kerteszi James & Woodley inJames et al., 1980James, M.T.; McFadden, M.W. & Woodley, N.E. 1980. The Pachygastrinae (Diptera, Stratiomyidae) of Middle America. Melanderia, 34(2): 1-36.. Type locality: Peru (Madre de Dios, Avispas, 400 m). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima), Panama, Peru.

Comments: This species and Popanomyia femoralis are very similar, differing mostly in the color of the legs and wings (see James et al., 1980James, M.T.; McFadden, M.W. & Woodley, N.E. 1980. The Pachygastrinae (Diptera, Stratiomyidae) of Middle America. Melanderia, 34(2): 1-36.: 24), thus the limits between them need to be better evaluated when more material is available.

Subfamily SARGINAE Walker, 1834

Genus ACROCHAETA Wiedemann, 1830

Acrochaeta stigmata Fachin & Amorim, 2015. Type locality: Bolivia (Cochabamba Province, Villa Tunari, 16°54′55″S, 65°22′06″W). Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Roraima), Peru.

Genus MEROSARGUS Loew, 1855

Merosargus azureus (Enderlein, 1914). Type locality: Brazil (Santa Catarina). Distribution: Brazil (Minas Gerais, Pará, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Ecuador, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Venezuela.

Comments: Only one of the four specimens mentioned by Rafael (1991Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) was found in the INPA collection.

Merosargus c-nigrum (Lindner, 1951). Type locality: Peru (Tingo Maria). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima), Ecuador, Peru.

Merosargus cingulatus Schiner, 1868. Type locality: ‘South America’. Distribution: Argentina, Brazil (Minas Gerais, Paraná, Roraima, São Paulo), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Merosargus gracilis Williston, 1888. Type locality: Brazil (Mato Grosso, Chapada). Distribution: Brazil (Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela.

Comments: Only nine of the 12 specimens mentioned by Rafael (1991Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) were found in the INPA collection.

Merosargus nebulifer James in James & McFadden, 1971. Type locality: Peru (Madre de Dios, Avispas). Distribution: Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, Rondônia, Roraima), Ecuador, Panama, Peru.

Comments: This species is widespread in South America. Only nine of the ten specimens mentioned by Rafael (1991Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) were found in the INPA collection.

Merosargus stamineus (Fabricius, 1805). Type locality: ‘America meridionali’. Distribution: Argentina, Belize, Brazil (Minas Gerais, Pará, Roraima), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Peru.

Merosargus vertebratus James in James & McFadden, 1971. Type locality: Peru (Madre de Dios, Avispas, 400 m). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima), Panama, Peru.

Merosargus sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Comments: This morphospecies might correspond to a new taxon.

Merosargus sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Comments: This morphospecies might correspond to a new taxon.

Merosargus sp. 3, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Comments: This morphospecies might correspond to a new taxon.

Merosargus sp. 4, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Comments: This morphospecies comprises the single specimen identified by Dr. Hanson (Rafael, 1991Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) as Merosargus citrinus. This species is herein excluded from the Brazilian fauna until more specimens can be examined and compared with the type from Peru.

Genus MICROCHRYSA Loew, 1855

Microchrysa bicolor (Wiedemann, 1830) = Chrysomyia rufiventris Macquart, 1834 = Microchrysa bruesi Johnson, 1919 = M. abdominalis James, 1936 = M. maculata Lindner, 1949. Type locality: ‘Crab Island’ near Puerto Rico. Distribution: Argentina, Belize, Brazil (Minas Gerais, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Roraima, Santa Catarina), Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Uruguay.

Comments: Two of the three specimens mentioned by Rafael (1991Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) were found in the INPA collection.

Genus PTECTICUS Loew, 1855

Ptecticus testaceus (Fabricius, 1805) = Musca elongata Fabricius, 1794. Type locality: ‘America meridionali’. Distribution: Argentina, Belize, Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Paraná, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Costa Rica, Honduras, Mexico, Panama.

Comments: Twelve of the 15 specimens mentioned by Rafael (1991Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) were found in the INPA collection.

Ptecticus sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Ptecticus sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Ptecticus sp. 3, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Comments: This morphospecies includes the single specimen identified by Dr. Hanson (Rafael, 1991Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) as Ptecticus trivittatus. As commented, P. trivittatus is mainly a Nearctic species, at most reaching the northern portion of Mexico.

Genus SARGUS Fabricius, 1798

Sargus brasiliensis Wiedemann, 1830. Type locality: Brazil. Distribution: Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, Roraima), Panama.

Sargus fasciatus Fabricius, 1850 = S. notatus Wiedemann, 1830 = S. coarctatus Macquart, 1838 = S. debilis Walker, 1851 = S. sallei Bellardi, 1859 = S. versicolor Bellardi, 1862 = S. lucens Loew, 1866 = S. tricolor Loew, 1866 = Macrosargus clavis Williston, 1885 = Pedicella schwarzi Curran, 1928. Type locality: ‘America meridionali’. Distribution: Nearctic; Neotropical: Bahamas, Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Roraima, São Paulo), Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico.

Comments: The specimen of this species mentioned by Rafael (1991Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) was not found in the INPA collection.

Sargus thoracicus Macquart, 1834 = S. concinnus Osten Sacken, 1886. Type locality: ‘Amérique méridionale’. Distribution: Argentina, Brazil (Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso, Pará, Paraná, Rio Grande do Norte, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama.

Sargus sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Comments: This morphospecies is widespread in Brazil and it likely corresponds to an undescribed taxon. Rafael (1991Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) mentioned one morphospecies (Sargus sp.), but it was not found in the INPA collection.

Sargus sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Comments: This morphospecies is widespread in Brazil and it likely corresponds to an undescribed taxon.

Subfamily STRATIOMYINAE Latreille, 1802

Genus PROMERANISA Walker, 1854

Promeranisa nasuta (Macquart, 1850). Type locality: Bolivia (Chiquitos) (see Fachin et al., 2021Fachin, D.A. 2021. Stratiomyidae. In: Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD . Available: Available: http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/1954 . Access: 23/03/2021.
http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobr... for correction of the type locality). Distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Roraima), Costa Rica, Panama.

Comments: Ten of the 13 specimens mentioned by Rafael (1991Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) were found in the INPA collection. These specimens (five of each sex) fit well the syntypes photographs (https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/ed/item/ed7750?listIndex=1&listCount=5). The limits between Promeranisa nasuta and P. vittata Walker, 1854 from Pará, Brazil, however, are not well understood. Promeranisa vittata is based on a single female and it can be a junior synonym of P. nasuta.

Xylomyidae (Fig. 3K). There are approximately 140 known species of xylomyids in the world. They are classified into four genera, but the diversity is more concentrated in the Palearctic and Oriental regions, with 46 and 50 species, respectively (Woodley, 2011bWoodley, N.E. 2011b. A World Catalog of the Xylomyidae (Insecta: Diptera). In: Thompson F.C.; Brake, I. & Lonsdale O. (Eds.). Contributions to the Biosystematic Database of World Diptera. Myia, 12: 417-453.). Specimens of this family - mostly females - are often captured in Malaise traps, and this collecting technique has yielded lots of new material of the family. Solva Walker, 1859 is the most diverse genus, with 101 described species (Woodley, 2011bWoodley, N.E. 2011b. A World Catalog of the Xylomyidae (Insecta: Diptera). In: Thompson F.C.; Brake, I. & Lonsdale O. (Eds.). Contributions to the Biosystematic Database of World Diptera. Myia, 12: 417-453.; Krivosheina et al., 2015Krivosheina, N.P.; Krivosheina, M.G. & Kompantzev, A.V. 2015. A new oriental species of the genus Solva Walker, 1859 (Diptera, Xylomyidae) with data on the larval morphology. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 94(4): 894-901. https://doi.org/10.1134%2FS001387381509016X.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1134%... ). The family is still poorly studied in the Neotropical region, and many undescribed species are awaiting description (Woodley, 2009Woodley, N.E. 2009. Xylomyidae. In: Brown, B.; Borkent, A.; Cumming, J.M.; Wood, D.M. & Zumbado, M.A. (Eds.). Diptera of Central America . Ottawa, NRC-CNRC . v. 1, p. 517-519. https://doi.org/10.1139/9780660198330.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1139/... , 2011bWoodley, N.E. 2011b. A World Catalog of the Xylomyidae (Insecta: Diptera). In: Thompson F.C.; Brake, I. & Lonsdale O. (Eds.). Contributions to the Biosystematic Database of World Diptera. Myia, 12: 417-453.). Currently, 16 xylomyids species in three genera have been reported for the Neotropics, of which six species belong to Arthropeina Lindner, 1949, seven to Solva, and three are assigned to Xylomya Rondani, 1861 (Fachin & Assis-Pujol, 2016bFachin, D.A. & Assis-Pujol, C.V. 2016b. Family Xylomyidae. Zootaxa , 4122: 342-345. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.27.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ). Five species of Arthropeina and two of Solva are known to Brazil, but A. lindneriFachin & Amorim, 2014Fachin, D.A. & Amorim, D.S. 2014. Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Arthropeina Lindner, 1949 (Diptera: Xylomyidae). Zootaxa , 3827(2), 231-257. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3827.2.6.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... was the only species reported to Roraima so far (Fachin & Amorim, 2014Fachin, D.A. & Amorim, D.S. 2014. Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Arthropeina Lindner, 1949 (Diptera: Xylomyidae). Zootaxa , 3827(2), 231-257. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3827.2.6.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ). In the present survey, four species of two genera were collected (see Table 2). This represents the first record of A. diadelothoraxFachin & Amorim, 2014Fachin, D.A. & Amorim, D.S. 2014. Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Arthropeina Lindner, 1949 (Diptera: Xylomyidae). Zootaxa , 3827(2), 231-257. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3827.2.6.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... , and of Solva to Roraima. The checklist of the Xylomyidae of Roraima now includes two species of Arthropeina and two morphospecies of Solva.

XYLOMYIDAE Verrall, 1901

Genus ARTHROPEINA Lindner, 1949

Arthropeina lindneriFachin & Amorim, 2014Fachin, D.A. & Amorim, D.S. 2014. Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Arthropeina Lindner, 1949 (Diptera: Xylomyidae). Zootaxa , 3827(2), 231-257. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3827.2.6.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... . Type locality: Brazil (Rondônia, Porto Velho, Área Mutum, M5P4, 09°35′29.5″S, 65°02′57.6″W). Distribution: Brazil (Acre, Rondônia, Roraima), Guyana.

Arthropeina diadelothoraxFachin & Amorim, 2014Fachin, D.A. & Amorim, D.S. 2014. Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Arthropeina Lindner, 1949 (Diptera: Xylomyidae). Zootaxa , 3827(2), 231-257. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3827.2.6.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... . Type locality: Brazil (Rondônia, Cacaulândia, Trilha da Cachoeira Jamari, 10°13′28.8″S, 63°13′49.0″W). Distribution: Brazil (Rondônia, Roraima).

Genus SOLVA Walker, 1859

Solva sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Solva sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Dolichopodidae (Fig. 3L). The long-legged flies comprise one of the most speciose Dipteran families, with some 8,000 described species (Pape et al., 2011Pape, T.; Blagoderov, V. & Mostovski, M.B. 2011. Order DIPTERA Linnaeus, 1758. In: Zhang, Z-Q. (Ed.). Animal biodivesity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa , 3148: 222-229. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.42.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ; Grichanov, 2018Grichanov, I. Ya. 2018. An annotated catalogue of Afrotropical Dolichopodoidae (Diptera). Plant Protection News, 25(Suppl): 1-152. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1187006.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5281/... ) in over 260 genera. The Brazilian fauna counts with 212 species in 30 genera, 14 of which had been recorded to the Brazilian state of Roraima before this study (Capellari, 2021Capellari, R.S. 2021. Dolichopodidae. In: Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD . Available: Available: http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/839 . Access: 25/09/2021.
http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobr... ). Most of the dolichopodid records for Roraima in the literature are based on the material collected during the 1989 insect survey on Ilha de Maracá (see Introduction) and identified by the late Dr. Harold Robinson (Rafael, 1991Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ). Examination of photos of the original material identified by Robinson (currently in the INPA collection) enabled the exclusion of three species from the fauna of Roraima and Brazil, since identifications were based on female specimens, which do not allow confident determination: Dactylomyia coruscans (Parent, 1928) (listed as Neurigona Rondani, 1856), Mesorhaga laeta Becker, 1922, and M. tristis Schiner, 1868. The remaining specimens identified by Robinson as morphotypes could not be reexamined and hence they were not taken into account in this work. As a summary, 26 species (six subfamilies and nine genera) were found during the present study, of which only five had been previously reported by Rafael (1991)Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... . All 20 named species known from Roraima are listed below, from which seven are new records for the state and five species, including the genus Xantina Aldrich, 1902, are new to Brazil. Some species records listed below did not appear in the Neotropical (Robinson, 1970Robinson, H. 1970. Family Dolichopodidae (Dolichopidae). In: Papavero, N. (Ed.). A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. São Paulo, Departamento de Zoologia da Secretaria da Agricultura do Estado de São Paulo . p. 1-92. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/49070535.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page... ) and/or World catalog (Yang et al., 2006Yang, D.; Zhu, Y.; Wang, M. & Zhang, L. 2006. World Catalog of Dolichopodidae (Insecta: Diptera). Beijing, China Agricultural University Press .). Literature data came from the following references: Brooks et al. (2010Brooks, S.E.; Cumming, J.M. & Pollet, M.A.A. 2010. Revision of the Neotropical genus Cheiromyia Dyte (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa , 2333: 41-58. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2333.1.3.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... , 2018Brooks, S.E.; Cumming, J.F.; Limeira-de-Oliveira, F. & Pollet, M. 2018. New species and records of Cheiromyia Dyte from Brazil and French Guiana (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa , 4444(3): 267-282. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4444.3.3.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ), Capellari (2015Capellari, R.S. 2015. Review of the longipalpus-group of Chrysotus Meigen (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with description of four new species. Neotropical Entomology, 44: 47-58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-014-0254-5.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/... , 2018Capellari, R.S. 2018. Gynandromorphs in Chrysotus spectabilis (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) and considerations for sclerite homology for the Diptera terminalia. Journal of Insect Biodiversity, 7(3): 51-57. https://doi.org/10.12976/jib/2018.07.3.2.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.12976... ), Evenhuis (2015Evenhuis, N.L. 2015. Two new records of Diptera (Insecta) from the Hawaiian Islands. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers, 116: 27-29.), Harterreiten-Souza et al. (2020Harterreiten-Souza, E.S.; Pujol-Luz, J.R.; Capellari R.S.; Bickel, D. & Sujii, E.R. 2020. Diversity and spatial distribution of predacious Dolichopodidae (Insecta: Diptera) on organic vegetable fields and adjacent habitats in Brazil. Florida Entomologist, 103(2): 197-205. https://doi.org/10.1653/024.103.0207.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1653/... ), Naglis (2000Naglis, S.M. 2000. Six new species of Systenus (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from Brazil, with a key to the Neotropical species. Studia dipterologica, 7(1): 59-68., 2003aNaglis, S.M. 2003a. Revision of the Neotropical Neurigoninae (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) IV: Viridigona gen. nov. Studia Dipterologica, 9(2): 561-604., bNaglis, S.M. 2003b. Revision of the Neotropical Neurigoninae (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) V: Neurigona Rondani. Studia Dipterologica , 10(1): 267-314.), Pollet et al. (2004Pollet, M.A.A.; Brooks, S.E. & Cumming, J.M. 2004. Catalog of the Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of America North of Mexico. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 283: 1-114. http://hdl.handle.net/2246/451.
http://hdl.handle.net/2246/451... ), Rafael (1991)Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... , Rafael et al. (2020)Rafael, J.A.; Limeira-de-Oliveira, F.; Hutchings, R.W.; Miranda, G.F.G.; Silva-Neto, A.M.; Somavilla, A.; Camargo, A.; Asenjo, A.; Pinto; Â.P.; Bello, A.M.; Dalmorra, C.; Mello-Patiu, C.A.; de Carvalho, C.J.B.; Takiya, D.M.; Parizotto, D.R.; Marques, D.W.A.; Cavalheiro, D.O.; Mendes, D.M.M.; Zeppelini, D.; Carneiro, E.; Lima, E.F.B.; Lima, E.C.A.; Godoi, F.S.P.; Pessoa, F.A.C.; Vaz-de-Mello, F.Z.; Sosa-Duque, F.J.; Flores, H.F.; Fernandes, I.O.; Silva-Jr., J.O.; Gomes, L.R.P.; Monné, M.L.; Castro, M.C.M.; Silva, M.P.G.; Couri, M.S.; Gottschalk, M.S.; Soares, M.M.M.; Monné, M.A.; Rafael, M.S.; Casagrande, M.M.; Mielke, O.H.H.; Grossi, P.C.; Pinto, P.J.C.; Bartholomay, P.R.; Sobral, R.; Heleodoro, R.A.; Machado, R.J.P.; Corrêa, R.C.; Hutchings, R.S.G.; Ale-Rocha, R.; Santos, S.D.; Lima, S.P.; Mahlmann, T.; Silva, V.C. & Fernandes, D.R.R. 2020. Insect (Hexapoda) diversity in the oceanic archipelago of Fernando de Noronha, Brazil: updated taxonomic checklist and new records. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 64(3): e20200052. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2020-0052.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... , Robinson (1975)Robinson, H. 1975. Bredin-Archibold-Smithsonian biological survey of Dominica, the family Dolichopodidae with some related Antillean and Panamanian species (Diptera). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 185: 1-141. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.185.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5479/... , Runyon (2020Runyon, J.B. 2020. The Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of Montserrat, West Indies. Zookeys, 966: 57-151. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.966.55192.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3897/... ), and Soares & Capellari (2020Soares, M.M.M. & Capellari, R.S. 2020. Review of the Neotropical genus Pseudosympycnus (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with description of six new species from Brazil and Peru. Zootaxa , 4881: 231-256. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4881.2.2.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ).

DOLICHOPODIDAE Latreille, 1809

Subfamily ACHALCINAE Grootaert & Meuffels, 1997

Genus XANTHINA Aldrich, 1902

Xanthina sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Subfamily DIAPHORINAE Schiner, 1864

Genus ACHRADOCERA Becker, 1922

Achradocera apicalis (Aldrich, 1896) = A. angustifacies Becker, 1922. Type locality: St. Vincent Island. Distribution: Brazil (Distrito Federal, Roraima), Chile, Dominica, French Polynesia, Montserrat, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Tonga.

Genus CHRYSOTUS Meigen, 1824

Chrysotus brevicornis Van Duzee, 1933 = C. brevispina Van Duzee, 1933 = C. latifacies Van Duzee, 1933 = C. mexicanus Robinson, 1967b. Type locality: Galapagos Islands. Distribution: Brazil (Pernambuco, Roraima), Costa Rica, Dominica, Galápagos Islands, Mexico, Montserrat.

Comments:Bickel & Sinclair (1997Bickel, D.J. & Sinclair, B.J. 1997. The Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of the Galápagos Islands, with notes on the New World fauna. Entomologica Scandinavica, 28: 241-270. https://doi.org/10.1163/187631297X00079.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1163/... ) redescribed Chrysotus brevicornis Van Duzee, 1933 and R.S.C. suspects this species is a synonym of C. ochropus Thomson, 1869 (see also Bickel, 1998Bickel, D.J. 1998. Synonymic notes on some of Thomson’s New World Dolichopodidae (Diptera). Entomological News, 109(1): 61-65.).

Chrysotus crosbyi Van Duzee, 1924 = C. magnipalpus Van Duzee, 1927. Type locality: Columbus, United States. Distribution: Bermuda, Brazil (Bahia, Espírito Santo, Pernambuco, Rondônia, Roraima), Cuba, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Guam, Hawaiian Islands, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, United States.

Chrysotus flavipes (Aldrich, 1896). Type locality: St. Vincent Island. Distribution: Lesser Antilles, Brazil (Roraima), ‘South America’.

Comments: A single male collected, which matches Robinson’s (1975Robinson, H. 1975. Bredin-Archibold-Smithsonian biological survey of Dominica, the family Dolichopodidae with some related Antillean and Panamanian species (Diptera). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 185: 1-141. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.185.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5479/... ) overall description of the species, but it has yellow antennae, abdominal terga 1-4 entirely yellow, and hind coxae also entirely yellow. The species has a large distribution range throughout ‘South America’ (Robinson 1970Robinson, H. 1970. Family Dolichopodidae (Dolichopidae). In: Papavero, N. (Ed.). A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. São Paulo, Departamento de Zoologia da Secretaria da Agricultura do Estado de São Paulo . p. 1-92. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/49070535.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page... , 1975Robinson, H. 1975. Bredin-Archibold-Smithsonian biological survey of Dominica, the family Dolichopodidae with some related Antillean and Panamanian species (Diptera). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 185: 1-141. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.185.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5479/... ).

Chrysotus mundus (Loew, 1861). Type locality: Pennsylvania, United States. Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Roraima), Canada, Suriname, United States, West Indies.

Comments: R.S.C. uses Aldrich’s concept of the species instead of Robinson’s (1975Robinson, H. 1975. Bredin-Archibold-Smithsonian biological survey of Dominica, the family Dolichopodidae with some related Antillean and Panamanian species (Diptera). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 185: 1-141. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.185.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5479/... ), as clarified by Runyon (2020Runyon, J.B. 2020. The Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of Montserrat, West Indies. Zookeys, 966: 57-151. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.966.55192.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3897/... ). Females have fore coxae entirely yellow, while the males have brownish yellow coxae.

Chrysotus proximus Aldrich, 1896. Type locality: Saint Vincent Island. Distribution: Brazil (Roraima), Dominica, “Lesser Antilles”.

Chrysotus spectabilis (Loew, 1861) = Diaphorus exunguis Thomson, 1869 = D. approximatus Aldrich, 1896. Type locality: Columbia, United States. Distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Paraná, Pernambuco, Roraima), Costa Rica, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, United States, West Indies.

Chrysotus sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Chrysotus sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Chrysotus sp. 3, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Chrysotus sp. 4, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Chrysotus sp. 5, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus LYRONEURUS Loew, 1857b

Lyroneurus suavis Loew, 1857. Type locality: ‘Suriname’. Distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Pernambuco, Roraima), Costa Rica, Guyana, Panama, Suriname.

Comments: Robinson (in Rafael, 1991Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) listed this species as Diaphorus Meigen, 1824.

Subfamily DOLICHOPODINAE Latreille, 1809

Genus CHEIROMYIA Dyte, 1980

= Cheirocerus Parent, 1930.

Cheiromyia brevitarsisBrooks in Brooks et al., 2010Brooks, S.E.; Cumming, J.M. & Pollet, M.A.A. 2010. Revision of the Neotropical genus Cheiromyia Dyte (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa , 2333: 41-58. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2333.1.3.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... . Type locality: French Sinnamary, Guiana. Distribution: Brazil (Roraima), Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana.

Cheiromyia palmaticornis (Parent, 1930). Type locality: Santarém, Pará, Brazil. Distribution: Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Roraima), Ecuador, French Guiana, Suriname.

Genus PARACLIUS Loew, 1864

= Leptocorypha Aldrich, 1896.

Paraclius parvulus Parent, 1930. Type locality: Brazil (Pará). Distribution: Santarém, Pará, Brazil.

Paraclius sagittatus Capellari & Amorim, 2009. Type locality: Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. Distribution: Brazil (Recife, Roraima).

Paraclius sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Paraclius sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Paraclius sp. 3, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Paraclius sp. 4, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Paraclius sp. 5, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus PELASTONEURUS Loew, 1861

= Paracleius Bigot, 1859.

Pelastoneurus argentiferus Aldrich, 1896. Type locality: Saint Vincent Island. Distribution: Brazil (Roraima), Costa Rica, Mexico, West Indies.

Subfamily MEDETERINAE Lioy, 1863-1864

Genus SYSTENUS Loew, 1857a

Systenus amazonicusNaglis, 2000Naglis, S.M. 2000. Six new species of Systenus (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from Brazil, with a key to the Neotropical species. Studia dipterologica, 7(1): 59-68.. Type locality: Manaus, Amazonas Brazil. Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Roraima).

Genus THRYPTICUS Gerstaecker, 1864

= Aphantotimus Wheeler, 1890 = Xanthotricha Aldrich, 1896 = Submedeterus Becker, 1917-1918.

Thrypticus sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Subfamily NEURIGONINAE Aldrich, 1905

Genus NEURIGONA Rondani, 1856

= Saucropus Loew, 1857a.

Neurigona banksiNaglis, 2003bNaglis, S.M. 2003b. Revision of the Neotropical Neurigoninae (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) V: Neurigona Rondani. Studia Dipterologica , 10(1): 267-314.. Type locality: Barro Colorado, Panama. Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Amapá, Pará, Rio de Janeiro, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Venezuela.

Neurigona fuscicostaRobinson, 1975Robinson, H. 1975. Bredin-Archibold-Smithsonian biological survey of Dominica, the family Dolichopodidae with some related Antillean and Panamanian species (Diptera). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 185: 1-141. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.185.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5479/... . Type locality: Clarke Hall, Dominica. Distribution: Brazil (Roraima), Dominica.

Genus VIRIDIGONA Naglis, 2003aNaglis, S.M. 2003a. Revision of the Neotropical Neurigoninae (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) IV: Viridigona gen. nov. Studia Dipterologica, 9(2): 561-604.

Viridigona albisignaNaglis, 2003aNaglis, S.M. 2003a. Revision of the Neotropical Neurigoninae (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) IV: Viridigona gen. nov. Studia Dipterologica, 9(2): 561-604.. Type locality: Quincemil, Cuzco, Peru. Distribution: Brazil (Roraima), Peru, Venezuela.

Subfamily SCIAPODINAE Becker, 1917-1918

Genus CONDYLOSTYLUS Bigot, 1859

= Dasypsilopus Bigot, 1859 = Eurostomerus Bigot, 1859 = Oedipsilopus Bigot, 1859 = Tylochaetus Bigot, 1888 = LaxinaCurran, 1934Curran, C.H. 1934. The families and genera o North American Diptera. New York, American Museum Natural History. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/6825.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibl... .

Condylostylus depressus (Aldrich, 1901) = Sciopus longiseta Coquillett, 1902. Type locality: Teapa and Frontera in Tabasco, Mexico. Distribution: Brazil (Roraima), Mexico.

Comments: This species is listed as Condylostylus similis (Aldrich, 1901) in Rafael (1991Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ).

Condylostylus longicornis (Fabricius, 1775) = Psilopus radians Macquart, 1834 = P. nigripes Macquart, 1842 = P. flavimanus Macquart, 1842 = P. chrysoprasi Walker, 1848-1849 = P. metallifer Walker, 1848-1849 = P. zonatulus Thomson, 1869 = P. trichosoma Bigot, 1890 = P. ciliipes Aldrich, 1901 = P. dentaticauda Van Duzee, 1933b. Type locality: ‘America’. Distribution: a tramp species known from Oriental, Australasian, Nearctic, and Neotropical regions; Bolivia, Brazil (Pernambuco, Roraima), Dominica, Ecuador, Mexico, Panama, Peru Mexico.

Comments: This species is listed as Condylostylus chryssoprassius (Walker, 1849) in Rafael (1991Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ).

Condylostylus sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Condylostylus sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Subfamily STOLIDOSOMATINAE Becker, 1922

Genus PSEUDOSYMPYCNUS Robinson, 1967a

Pseudosympycnus bickeliSoares & Capellari, 2020Soares, M.M.M. & Capellari, R.S. 2020. Review of the Neotropical genus Pseudosympycnus (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with description of six new species from Brazil and Peru. Zootaxa , 4881: 231-256. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4881.2.2.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... . Type locality: Brazil, Roraima, Caracaraí. Distribution: Brazil (Roraima, Pará).

Empididae (Fig. 3M). It is a cosmopolitan family of flies, comprising about 70 genera (Yang et al., 2007Yang, D.; Zhang, K.; Yao, G. & Zhang, J. 2007. World Catalog of Empididae (Insecta: Diptera). Beijing, China Agricultural University Press.) and 3,000 species in the world (Rafael & Chagas, 2014Rafael, J.A. & Chagas, C.B. 2014. Empididae y Brachystomatidae. In: Roig-Juñent, S.; Claps, L.E. & Morrone, J.J. (Eds.). Biodiversidad de Artrópodos Argentinos. San Miguel de Tucumán, Editorial INSUE - UNT . v. 4, p. 431-438.). Empididae is classified in four subfamilies: Clinocerinae, Empidinae, Hemerodromiinae, and Ragadinae. The latter was erected as another family by Wahlberg & Johanson (2018Wahlberg, E. & Johanson, K.A. 2018. Molecular phylogenetics reveals novel relationships within Empidoidea (Diptera). Systematic Entomology , 43(4): 619-636. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12297.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/... ). However, this status has not received much support in the literature. Currently, the Neotropical region has 32 genera and more than 700 species, most of them recorded from the southern portion of South America, comprising Argentina, Brazil, and Chile (Collin, 1933Collin, J.E. 1933. Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile. Part IV. Empididae. London, British Museum of Natural History.; Smith, 1967Smith, K.G.V. 1967. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.). A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. São Paulo, Departamento de Zoologia da Secretaria da Agricultura do Estado de São Paulo. 67p. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/49070535.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page... ). In Brazil, there are 165 species recorded (Rafael & Câmara, 2021Rafael, J.A. & Câmara, J.T. 2021. Empididae. In: Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD . Available: Available: http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/2379 . Access: 16/09/2021.
http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobr... ). The current knowledge of Amazonian empidids is far below the actual number living there. There are several undescribed species still being identified to be published shortly. Unfortunately, the only genus identified from 2015’s expedition was Opeatocerata Melander, 1928 based on two specimens. The Empididae information below came from the online Taxonomic Catalog of the Brazilian Fauna (Rafael & Câmara, 2021Rafael, J.A. & Câmara, J.T. 2021. Empididae. In: Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD . Available: Available: http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/2379 . Access: 16/09/2021.
http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobr... ).

EMPIDIDAE Latreille, 1804

Subfamily EMPIDINAE Schiner, 1862

Genus MACROSTOMUS Wiedemann, 1817

Macrostomus albicaudatus Rafael & Cumming, 2015. Type locality: Brazil (Amazonas). Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Roraima).

Macrostomus amazonensis Rafael & Cumming, 2015. Type locality: Brazil. Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima).

Macrostomus cervicicauda Smith, 1963. Type locality: British Guyana. Distribution: Guyana, Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Roraima).

Macrostomus cysticercus Smith, 1963. Type locality: British Guyana. Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Roraima), Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago.

Macrostomus ferrugineus (Fabricius, 1805). Type locality: ‘America meridionalis’. Distribution: Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Roraima), Guyana.

Macrostomus flavus Rafael & Cumming, 2009. Type locality: Brazil (Amazonas). Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Roraima).

Macrostomus pacaraima Rafael & Cumming, 2010. Type locality: Brazil (Roraima). Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Roraima).

Macrostomus smithi Rafael & Cumming, 2010. Type locality: British Guyana. Distribution: Brazil (Roraima), Guyana.

Genus PORPHYROCHROA Melander, 1928

Porphyrochroa vidali Mendonça, Rafael & Ale-Rocha, 2007. Type locality: Brazil (Roraima). Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Roraima).

Genus OPEATOCERATA Melander, 1928

Opeatocerata melanderi Câmara & Rafael, 2011. Type locality: Brazil (Amazonas). Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Roraima).

Opeatocerata sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Hybotidae (Fig. 3N). Cosmopolitan, this family comprises approximately 2,000 species distributed in 68 genera (Cumming, 2006Cumming, J.M. 2006. Baeodromia, a new genus of Tachydromiine fly from the New World (Diptera: Empidoidea; Hybotidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 137: 41-49. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/144453.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part... ; Sinclair & Cumming, 2007Sinclair, B.J. & Cumming, J.M. 2007. Leptopezella, a new Southern Hemisphere genus of Ocydromiinae (Diptera: Empidoidea: Hybotidae). Zootaxa , 1629: 27-37. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1629.1.2.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ; Yang et al., 2007Yang, D.; Zhang, K.; Yao, G. & Zhang, J. 2007. World Catalog of Empididae (Insecta: Diptera). Beijing, China Agricultural University Press.). In the Neotropical Region, 284 species are known (Yang et al., 2007Yang, D.; Zhang, K.; Yao, G. & Zhang, J. 2007. World Catalog of Empididae (Insecta: Diptera). Beijing, China Agricultural University Press.; Ale-Rocha & Freitas-Silva, 2021Ale-Rocha, R. & Freitas-Silva, R.A.P. 2021. Hybotidae. In: Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD. Available: Available: http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/15092 . Access: 18/06/2021.
http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobr... ). They are predominantly predatory flies, small- to medium-sized, varied in color but never metallic. Hybotidae is currently divided into five subfamilies (Sinclair & Cumming, 2006Sinclair, B.J. & Cumming, J.M. 2006. The morphology, higher-level phylogeny and classification of the Empidoidea (Diptera). Zootaxa , 1180: 1-172. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1180.1.1.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ), of which Hybotinae, Ocydromiinae, and Tachydromiinae occur in the Neotropical region (Yang et al., 2007Yang, D.; Zhang, K.; Yao, G. & Zhang, J. 2007. World Catalog of Empididae (Insecta: Diptera). Beijing, China Agricultural University Press.). In Brazil, 163 species and 20 genera are known (Ale-Rocha & Freitas-Silva, 2021Ale-Rocha, R. & Freitas-Silva, R.A.P. 2021. Hybotidae. In: Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD. Available: Available: http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/15092 . Access: 18/06/2021.
http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobr... ). Except for Syneches Walker, 1852, the other genera found on Ilha de Maracá (BaeodromiaCumming, 2006Cumming, J.M. 2006. Baeodromia, a new genus of Tachydromiine fly from the New World (Diptera: Empidoidea; Hybotidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 137: 41-49. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/144453.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part... , Drapetis Meigen, 1822, Micrempis Melander, 1928, Elaphropeza Macquart, 1828, and Euhybus Coquillett, 1895) are recorded for the first time for the state of Roraima, and the morphotypes obtained for each genus except those of Euhybus represent new species (Table 2). The genus BaeodromiaCumming, 2006Cumming, J.M. 2006. Baeodromia, a new genus of Tachydromiine fly from the New World (Diptera: Empidoidea; Hybotidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 137: 41-49. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/144453.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part... currently includes only one Nearctic species, B. pleuritica (Melander, 1918), but Cumming (2006)Cumming, J.M. 2006. Baeodromia, a new genus of Tachydromiine fly from the New World (Diptera: Empidoidea; Hybotidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 137: 41-49. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/144453.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part... pointed out the existence of several undescribed Neotropical species, including in Brazil. Syneches moraballi Smith, 1963 is a widespread species in Brazil, with previous records for the entire Amazon basin, including IIha de Maracá (Menezes & Ale-Rocha, 2016Menezes, I.S. & Ale-Rocha, R. 2016. Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa , 4103: 401-442. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ). This is the only species of Syneches registered to the island.

HYBOTIDAE Meigen, 1820

Subfamily TACHYDROMIINAE Schiner, 1862

Genus BAEODROMIA Cumming, 2006Cumming, J.M. 2006. Baeodromia, a new genus of Tachydromiine fly from the New World (Diptera: Empidoidea; Hybotidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 137: 41-49. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/144453.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part...

Baeodromia sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus DRAPETIS Meigen, 1822

= Caecula Gistel, 1848 = Arbicola Gistel, 1848.

Drapetis sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Drapetis sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus ELAPHROPEZA Macquart, 1827

= Drapetis, subgen. Elaphropeza Melander, 1910 = Drapetis, subgen. Ctenodrapetis Bezzi, 1904.

Elaphropeza sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Elaphropeza sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus MICREMPIS Melander, 1928

Micrempis sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Micrempis sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Subfamily HYBOTINAE Meigen, 1928

Genus EUHYBUS Coquillett, 1895

Euhybus sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus SYNECHES Walker, 1852

= Pterospilus Rondani, 1856 = Harpamerus Bigot, 1859 = Epiceia Walker, 1860 = Parahybos Kertész, 1899.

Syneches moraballi Smith, 1963. Type locality: British Guiana, Essequebo River, Moraballi Creek. Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Pará, Paraná, Piauí, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima), Guyana, Peru, Venezuela.

Phoridae (Fig. 3O). These are popularly known as scuttle flies and the smallest Diptera in the world. The family is highly diverse, with 4,380 species distributed worldwide in 270 genera (Brown, 2020Brown, B.V. 2020. Update of Borgmeier’s 1968 catalog of world phorids. Available: https://www.phorid.net/pcat. Access: 01/04/2021.
https://www.phorid.net/pcat. Access: 01/... ). Among its genera and species, the family has one of the most varied roles in ecosystems, with most members acting as parasitoids, herbivores, decomposers, and pollinators (Disney, 1994Disney, R.H.L. 1994. Scuttle flies: the Phoridae. London, Chapman and Hall.; Brown, 2010Brown, B.V. 2010. Phoridae. In: Brown, B.; Borkent, A.; Cumming, J.M.; Wood, D.M. & Zumbado, M.A. (Eds.). Diptera of Central America . Ottawa, NRC-CNRC . v. 2, p. 725-762., 2018Brown, B.V. 2018. A second contender for “world’s smallest fly” (Diptera: Phoridae). Biodiversity Data Journal, 6: e22396. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.6.e22396.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3897/... ). Phorids are classified into five subfamilies: Sciadocerinae, Chonocephalinae, Termitoxeniinae, Metopininae, and Phorinae (Brown et al., 2015Brown, B.V.; Amorim, D.S. & Kung, G.A. 2015. New morphological characters for classifying Phoridae (Diptera) from the structure of the thorax. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , 173(2): 424-485. https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12208.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/... ; Ament, 2017bAment, D.C. 2017b. Phylogeny of Phorinae sensu latu (Diptera: Phoridae) inferred from a morphological analysis with comprehensive taxon sampling and an uncommon method of character coding. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 181(1): 151-188. https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx038.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/... ). Currently, the Neotropical region counts with 134 genera and over 1,700 species (Brown, 2020Brown, B.V. 2020. Update of Borgmeier’s 1968 catalog of world phorids. Available: https://www.phorid.net/pcat. Access: 01/04/2021.
https://www.phorid.net/pcat. Access: 01/... ). About 850 of the Neotropical species occur in Brazil, which makes it the most speciose family of flies in the country (Ament & Pereira, 2021Ament, D.C. & Pereira T.P.L. 2021. Phoridae. In: Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD. Available: Available: http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/183530 . Access: 26/09/2021.
http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobr... ). So far, Roraima has records of seven genera (Brown, 2020Brown, B.V. 2020. Update of Borgmeier’s 1968 catalog of world phorids. Available: https://www.phorid.net/pcat. Access: 01/04/2021.
https://www.phorid.net/pcat. Access: 01/... ). This survey brings additions to the knowledge of phorid fauna, with new records of five genera and five species to the state of Roraima (Table 2). Literature data came from the following references: Ament (2014Ament, D.C. 2014. Taxonomic revision of the genus Chaetocnemistoptera Borgmeier (Diptera: Phoridae), with the description of five new species. Zootaxa , 3753(4): 301-322. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3753.4.1.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... , 2017aAment, D.C. 2017a. Lista das espécies de Phoridae (Insecta, Diptera) do Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul. Iheringia, Série Zoologia, 107: 01-02. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4766e2017136.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... , bAment, D.C. 2017b. Phylogeny of Phorinae sensu latu (Diptera: Phoridae) inferred from a morphological analysis with comprehensive taxon sampling and an uncommon method of character coding. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 181(1): 151-188. https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx038.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/... ), Ament & Amorim (2016)Ament, D.C. & Amorim, S.D. 2016. Taxonomic revision of Coniceromyia Borgmeier (Diptera: Phoridae), with the description of three new species from Brazil. Zootaxa , 4086(1): 1-87. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4086.1.1.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... , Ament et al. (2020)Ament, D.C.; Kung, G.A. & Brown, B.V. 2020. Forty-one new species of Coniceromyia Borgmeier (Diptera: Phoridae), an identification key, and new distributional records for the species of the genus. Zootaxa , 4830(1): 1-61. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4830.1.1.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... , Brown (2000Brown, B.V. 2000. Revision of the “Apocephalus miricauda-Group” of ant-parasitizing flies (Diptera: Phoridae). Contributions in Science (Los Angeles), 482: 1-62. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/241289.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part... , 2001Brown, B.V. 2001. Taxonomic revision of Neodohrniphora, subgenus Eibesfeldtphora (Diptera: Phoridae). Insect Systematics & Evolution, 32(4): 393-409. https://doi.org/10.1163/187631201x00272.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1163/... , 2002Brown, B.V. 2002. Revision of the Apocephalus pergandei-group of ant-decapitating flies (Diptera: Phoridae). Contributions in Science (Los Angeles), 496: 1-58. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/itemdetails/215105.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item... , 2005Brown, B.V. 2005. Revision of the Melaloncha (M.) furcata-group of bee-killing flies (Diptera: Phoridae). Insect Systematics & Evolution , 36(3): 241-258. https://doi.org/10.1163/187631205788838384.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1163/... , 2020Brown, B.V. 2020. Update of Borgmeier’s 1968 catalog of world phorids. Available: https://www.phorid.net/pcat. Access: 01/04/2021.
https://www.phorid.net/pcat. Access: 01/... ). Brown & Kung (2007Brown, B.V. & Kung, G. 2007. Revision of the New World Dohrniphora Dahl species with hind tibial setae (Diptera: Phoridae). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny, 65(2): 157-237. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2699.1.1.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... , 2010Brown, B.V. & Kung, G.A. 2010. Revision of the New World Dohrniphora Dahl species lacking large hind tibial setae (Diptera: Phoridae). Zootaxa , 2699(1): 1-142. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2699.1.1.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ), Disney (1996)Disney, R.H.L. 1996. A key to Neodohrniphora (Diptera: Phoridae), parasites of leaf-cutter ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of Natural History , 30(9): 1377-1389. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939600771281.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/... , Duarte et al. (2018Duarte, L.P.; Vaz, D.B. & Krüger, R.F. 2018. New records of phorid flies (Diptera, Phoridae) from Rio Grande do Sul, with five new records to Brazil. Check List, 14(1): 125-139. https://doi.org/10.15560/14.1.125.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15560... ), Hash & Brown (2015Hash, J.M. & Brown, B.V. 2015. Revision of the New World species of the millipede-parasitic genus Myriophora Brown (Diptera: Phoridae). Zootaxa , 4035(1): 1-79. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4035.1.1.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ), Kung & Brown (2000Kung, G.A. & Brown, B.V. 2000. The patterned-wing species of Coniceromyia (Diptera: Phoridae). Contributions in Science, 484: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.5962/p.208108.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5962/... , 2005Kung, G.A. & Brown, B.V. 2005. New species of Dohrniphora related to D. longirostrata (Diptera: Phoridae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 98(1): 55-62. https://doi.org/10.1603/0013-8746(2005)098[0055:NSODRT]2.0.CO;2.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1603/... ), and Souza et al. (2019Souza, T.S.D.; Aguiar-Menezes; E.D.L.; Resende, A.L.S.; Pereira, T.P.L . & Gazal, V.S. 2019. Megaselia Rondani (Diptera: Phoridae) larvae as a Sphingidae (Lepidoptera) parasitoid. Arquivos do Instituto Biológico, 86: 1-3 e0812018. https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-1657000812018.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ).

PHORIDAE Curtis, 1833

Subfamily PHORINAE Curtis, 1833

Genus CHAETOCNEMISTOPTERA Borgmeier, 1923

Chaetocnemistoptera sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus CONICEROMYIA Borgmeier, 1923

Coniceromyia auristriata Borgmeier, 1963. Type locality: Mexico (Jalapa, Vera Cruz). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima), Colombia, Costa Rica, Honduras, Mexico, Panama.

Coniceromyia brachypodaAment et al., 2020Ament, D.C.; Kung, G.A. & Brown, B.V. 2020. Forty-one new species of Coniceromyia Borgmeier (Diptera: Phoridae), an identification key, and new distributional records for the species of the genus. Zootaxa , 4830(1): 1-61. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4830.1.1.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... . Type locality: Colombia (Amazonas, PNN Amacayacu, San Martín). Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima), Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Panama, Peru.

Coniceromyia brevivenaKung & Brown, 2000Kung, G.A. & Brown, B.V. 2000. The patterned-wing species of Coniceromyia (Diptera: Phoridae). Contributions in Science, 484: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.5962/p.208108.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5962/... . Type locality: Peru (Madre de Dios, Rio Tambopata Reserve). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima), French Guiana, Peru.

Coniceromyia costaricana Borgmeier, 1950. Type locality: Costa Rica (San José). Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Roraima), Colombia, Costa Rica, Guyana, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Coniceromyia pilipleura Borgmeier, 1962. Type locality: United States (Florida, Sebring). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima), Costa Rica, Honduras, Panama, United States.

Genus DOHRNIPHORA Dahl, 1898

Dohrniphora alvarengai Prado, 1976. Type locality: Brazil (Mato Grosso, Sinop). Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Rondônia, Roraima), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Panama.

Dohrniphora bicostulaKung & Brown, 2005Kung, G.A. & Brown, B.V. 2005. New species of Dohrniphora related to D. longirostrata (Diptera: Phoridae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 98(1): 55-62. https://doi.org/10.1603/0013-8746(2005)098[0055:NSODRT]2.0.CO;2.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1603/... . Type locality: Colombia (Amazonas, Matamata). Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Rondônia, Roraima), Colombia, Peru.

Dohrniphora cerdaiBrown & Kung, 2007Brown, B.V. & Kung, G. 2007. Revision of the New World Dohrniphora Dahl species with hind tibial setae (Diptera: Phoridae). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny, 65(2): 157-237. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2699.1.1.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... . Type locality: French Guiana (Regina, Patawa). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima), French Guiana.

Dohrniphora cognata Borgmeier, 1960. Type locality: Brazil (Santa Catarina, Nova Teutônia). Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Roraima, Santa Catarina), Colombia, French Guiana, Panama.

Dohrniphora dispar (Enderlein, 1912) = Phora dispar Enderlein, 1912. Type locality: Brazil (Santa Catarina, Hammonia [now Ibirama]). Distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima, Santa Catarina), Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, French Guiana, Jamaica, Montserrat, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico.

Dohrniphora paraguayana (Brues, 1907) = Phora paraguayana Brues, 1907. Type locality: Paraguay (Asunción). Distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Espírito Santo, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima, São Paulo), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Paraguay, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Dohrniphora procera Borgmeier, 1960. Type locality: Brazil (Santa Catarina, Blumenau). Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Roraima, Santa Catarina), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama.

Dohrniphora rafaeliBrown & Kung 2007Brown, B.V. & Kung, G. 2007. Revision of the New World Dohrniphora Dahl species with hind tibial setae (Diptera: Phoridae). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny, 65(2): 157-237. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2699.1.1.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... , Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Pacaraima). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima).

Dohrniphora sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Subfamily METOPININAE Rondani, 1956

Genus APOCEPHALUS Coquillett, 1901

Apocephalus asyndetusBrown, 2000Brown, B.V. 2000. Revision of the “Apocephalus miricauda-Group” of ant-parasitizing flies (Diptera: Phoridae). Contributions in Science (Los Angeles), 482: 1-62. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/241289.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part... . Type locality: Costa Rica (Heredia). Distribution: Brazil (Pará, Roraima), Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, Peru.

Apocephalus conformalisBrown, 2000Brown, B.V. 2000. Revision of the “Apocephalus miricauda-Group” of ant-parasitizing flies (Diptera: Phoridae). Contributions in Science (Los Angeles), 482: 1-62. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/241289.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part... . Type locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima).

Apocephalus cyathusBrown, 2002Brown, B.V. 2002. Revision of the Apocephalus pergandei-group of ant-decapitating flies (Diptera: Phoridae). Contributions in Science (Los Angeles), 496: 1-58. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/itemdetails/215105.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item... . Type locality: Costa Rica (Heredia). Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Roraima), Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago.

Apocephalus densepilosus Borgmeier, 1971. Type locality: Brazil (Pará, Utinga). Distribution: Brazil (Pará, Roraima), Colombia, Ecuador, Peru.

Apocephalus funditusBrown, 2000Brown, B.V. 2000. Revision of the “Apocephalus miricauda-Group” of ant-parasitizing flies (Diptera: Phoridae). Contributions in Science (Los Angeles), 482: 1-62. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/241289.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part... . Type locality: Costa Rica (Puntarenas). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima), Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru.

Apocephalus mediusBrown, 2002Brown, B.V. 2002. Revision of the Apocephalus pergandei-group of ant-decapitating flies (Diptera: Phoridae). Contributions in Science (Los Angeles), 496: 1-58. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/itemdetails/215105.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item... . Type locality: Costa Rica (Puntarenas). Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Roraima), Colombia, Costa Rica, Panama.

Apocephalus trifidusBrown, 2000Brown, B.V. 2000. Revision of the “Apocephalus miricauda-Group” of ant-parasitizing flies (Diptera: Phoridae). Contributions in Science (Los Angeles), 482: 1-62. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/241289.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part... . Type locality: Peru (Madre de Dios). Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia), Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru.

Apocephalus sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Apocephalus sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Apocephalus sp. 3, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Apocephalus sp. 4, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Apocephalus sp. 5, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus CREMERSIA Schmitz, 1924

Cremersia sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus ECTOCHAETA Borgmeier, 1958

Ectochaeta spinulosa Borgmeier, 1958. Type locality: Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul). Distribution: Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul, Roraima).

Genus EIBESFELDTPHORA Disney, 2009

= Neodohrniphora Malloch (1914), in part.

Eibesfeldtphora attae (Disney, 1996Disney, R.H.L. 1996. A key to Neodohrniphora (Diptera: Phoridae), parasites of leaf-cutter ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of Natural History , 30(9): 1377-1389. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939600771281.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/... ) = Neodohrniphora attaeDisney, 1996Disney, R.H.L. 1996. A key to Neodohrniphora (Diptera: Phoridae), parasites of leaf-cutter ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of Natural History , 30(9): 1377-1389. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939600771281.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/... . Type locality: Trinidad (Simla Valley). Distribution: Brazil (Pará, Roraima), Colombia, Costa Rica, Guyana, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago.

Eibesfeldtphora declinata (Borgmeier, 1925) = Neodohrniphora declinata Borgmeier, 1925. Type locality: Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, Petrópolis). Distribution: Brazil (Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, São Paulo), Colombia, Guyana.

Genus MELALONCHA Brues, 1904

Melaloncha catervulaBrown, 2005Brown, B.V. 2005. Revision of the Melaloncha (M.) furcata-group of bee-killing flies (Diptera: Phoridae). Insect Systematics & Evolution , 36(3): 241-258. https://doi.org/10.1163/187631205788838384.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1163/... . Type locality: Brazil (Roraima, Serra Grande). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima).

Genus MEGASELIA Schmitz, 1856

Subgenus MEGASELIA Schmitz, 1856

Megaselia (Megaselia) scalaris (Loew, 1866) = Phora scalaris Loew, 1866 = Aphiochaeta xanthina Speiser, 1908 = Aphiochaeta fissa Becker, 1908 = Aphiochaeta conjuncta Becker, 1908 = Aphiochaeta banksi Brues, 1909 = Aphiochaeta circumsetosa Meijere, 1911 = Aphiochaeta ferruginea Brunetti, 1912 = Aphiochaeta repicta Schmitz, 1915 = Obelosia plusiivorax Enderlein, 1919 = Megaselia forticapilla Beyer, 1959. Type locality: Cuba. Distribution: cosmopolitan; Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, Tocantins).

Genus MYRIOPHORA Brown, 1992

Myriophora luteizona Borgmeier, 1925. Type locality: Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, Petrópolis). Distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, São Paulo), Colombia, French Guiana.

Genus MYRMOSICARIUS Borgmeier, 1928

Myrmosicarius grandicornis Borgmeier, 1928. Type locality: Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, Raiz da Serra). Distribution: Brazil (Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, Tocantins), Paraguay.

Genus PSEUDACTEON Coquillett, 1907

Pseudacteon sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Pseudacteon sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Pipunculidae (Fig. 3P). It is a cosmopolitan family of flies, comprising over 1,400 species in the world (De Meyer & Skevington, 2000De Meyer, M. & Skevington, J.H. 2000. First addition to the world catalogue of Pipunculidae. Bulletin de l’Institut royal des sciences naturelles de Belgique, Entomologie, 70: 5-11.). Twenty-one extant genera are currently recognized in four subfamilies: Chalarinae, Nephrocerinae, Protonephrocerinae, and Pipunculinae (Rafael & De Meyer, 1992Rafael, J.A. & De Meyer, M. 1992. Generic classification of the family Pipunculidae (Diptera): a cladistic analysis. Journal of Natural History , 26(3): 637-658. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939200770391.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/... ; De Meyer & Skevington, 2000De Meyer, M. & Skevington, J.H. 2000. First addition to the world catalogue of Pipunculidae. Bulletin de l’Institut royal des sciences naturelles de Belgique, Entomologie, 70: 5-11.; Skevington & Yeates, 2000Skevington, J.H. & Yeates, D.K. 2000. Phylogenetic classification of Eudorylini (Diptera: Pipunculidae). Systematic Entomology, 26: 421-452. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0307-6970.2001.00160.x.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1046/... ). Currently, the Neotropical region has 18 genera and around 300 species (Rodriguez & Rafael, 2012Rodriguez, H.C. & Rafael, J.A. 2012. Pipunculidae (Diptera) of Latin America and the Caribbean: a catalogue of species with notes on biology and pipunculid-hosts associations. Lambert Academic Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.1997.tb00240.x.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/... ), with most of them (171) occurring in Brazil (Marques & Rafael, 2021Marques, D.W.A. & Rafael, J.A. 2021. Pipunculidae. In: Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD . Available: Available: http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/1338 . Access: 08/09/2021.
http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobr... ). The genera recorded in this study are Elmohardyia Rafael, 1987, Eudorylas Aczél, 1940, and Tomosvaryella Aczél, 1939 (Table 2), with no previous new records to Roraima. Four females of Eudorylas from the 2015’s expedition could not be identified. The Pipunculidae information below came from the online Taxonomic Catalog of the Brazilian Fauna (Marques & Rafael, 2021Marques, D.W.A. & Rafael, J.A. 2021. Pipunculidae. In: Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD . Available: Available: http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/1338 . Access: 08/09/2021.
http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobr... ) and the following references: De Meyer (1996)De Meyer, M. 1996. World catalogue of Pipunculidae (Diptera). Documents de Travail de l’Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 86: 1-127. and De Meyer & Skevington (2000)De Meyer, M. & Skevington, J.H. 2000. First addition to the world catalogue of Pipunculidae. Bulletin de l’Institut royal des sciences naturelles de Belgique, Entomologie, 70: 5-11..

PIPUNCULIDAE Walker, 1834

Subfamily CHALARINAE Aczél, 1939

Genus CHALARUS Walker, 1834

Chalarus connexus Rafael, 1988. Type locality: Brazil (Amazonas). Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Roraima), Trinidad and Tobago.

Subfamily PIPUNCULINAE Walker, 1834

Genus AMAZUNCULUS Rafael, 1986

Amazunculus besti Rafael, 1986. Type locality: Brazil (Amazonas). Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Roraima).

Amazunculus claripennisRafael & Rosa, 1991Rafael, J.A. & Rosa, M.S.S. 1991. Pipunculidae (Diptera) da Estação Ecológica de Maracá e da localidade de Pacaraima, Roraima, Brasil. Acta Amazonica , 21: 337-350. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211350.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... . Type locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima).

Genus BASILEUNCULUS Rafael, 1987

Basileunculus interruptus (Malloch, 1912). Type locality: Panama. Distribution: Brazil (Roraima), El Salvador, Panama.

Basileunculus rex (Curran, 1934Curran, C.H. 1934. The families and genera o North American Diptera. New York, American Museum Natural History. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/6825.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibl... ). Type locality: British Guyana. Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima), Guyana.

Genus CEPHALOSPHAERA Enderlein, 1936

Cephalosphaera pacaraimaRafael & Rosa, 1991Rafael, J.A. & Rosa, M.S.S. 1991. Pipunculidae (Diptera) da Estação Ecológica de Maracá e da localidade de Pacaraima, Roraima, Brasil. Acta Amazonica , 21: 337-350. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211350.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... . Type locality: Brazil (Roraima). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima).

Cephalosphaera semispiralisRafael & Rosa, 1991Rafael, J.A. & Rosa, M.S.S. 1991. Pipunculidae (Diptera) da Estação Ecológica de Maracá e da localidade de Pacaraima, Roraima, Brasil. Acta Amazonica , 21: 337-350. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211350.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... . Type locality: Brazil (Roraima). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima).

Genus ELMOHARDYIA Rafael, 1987

Elmohardyia papaveroi Rafael, 1988. Type locality: Brazil (Pará). Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará, Roraima), Peru.

Elmohardyia praecipuaRafael & Rosa, 1991Rafael, J.A. & Rosa, M.S.S. 1991. Pipunculidae (Diptera) da Estação Ecológica de Maracá e da localidade de Pacaraima, Roraima, Brasil. Acta Amazonica , 21: 337-350. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211350.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... . Type locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima).

Elmohardyia roraimensisRafael & Rosa, 1991Rafael, J.A. & Rosa, M.S.S. 1991. Pipunculidae (Diptera) da Estação Ecológica de Maracá e da localidade de Pacaraima, Roraima, Brasil. Acta Amazonica , 21: 337-350. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211350.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... . Type locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima).

Elmohardyia sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus EUDORYLAS Aczél, 1940

Eudorylas aquinoiRafael & Rosa, 1989Rafael, J.A. & Rosa, M.S.S. 1989. Novas espécies de Eudorylas Aczél da Estação Ecológica de Maracá, Roraima, Brasil (Diptera, Pipunculidae). Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz , 84(4): 449-454. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02761989000800079.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... . Type locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima).

Eudorylas bentoniRafael & Rosa, 1989Rafael, J.A. & Rosa, M.S.S. 1989. Novas espécies de Eudorylas Aczél da Estação Ecológica de Maracá, Roraima, Brasil (Diptera, Pipunculidae). Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz , 84(4): 449-454. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02761989000800079.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... . Type locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima).

Eudorylas caccabatusRafael & Rosa, 1989Rafael, J.A. & Rosa, M.S.S. 1989. Novas espécies de Eudorylas Aczél da Estação Ecológica de Maracá, Roraima, Brasil (Diptera, Pipunculidae). Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz , 84(4): 449-454. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02761989000800079.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... . Type locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima).

Eudorylas dorsispinosus (Hardy, 1965). Type locality: Argentina. Distribution: Argentina, Brazil (Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, Rondônia, São Paulo).

Eudorylas megasurstylusRafael & Rosa, 1989Rafael, J.A. & Rosa, M.S.S. 1989. Novas espécies de Eudorylas Aczél da Estação Ecológica de Maracá, Roraima, Brasil (Diptera, Pipunculidae). Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz , 84(4): 449-454. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02761989000800079.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... . Type locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima).

Eudorylas souzalopesiRafael & Rosa, 1989Rafael, J.A. & Rosa, M.S.S. 1989. Novas espécies de Eudorylas Aczél da Estação Ecológica de Maracá, Roraima, Brasil (Diptera, Pipunculidae). Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz , 84(4): 449-454. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02761989000800079.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... . Type locality: Brazil (Roraima). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima).

Genus TOMOSVARYELLA Aczél, 1939

Tomosvaryella diffusa Ale-Rocha, 1996. Type locality: Brazil (Paraná). Distribution: Argentina, Brazil (Amazonas, Paraná, Roraima), Guyana.

Tomosvaryella lynchi (Shannon, 1927) = Tomosvaryella tumida Hardy, 1940. Type locality: Argentina. Distribution: Argentina, Bahamas, Brazil (Amazonas, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, São Paulo), Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Mexico, Peru, United States.

Tomosvaryella scopulata Hardy, 1963. Type locality: Colombia. Distribution: Argentina, Brazil (Roraima), Colombia, Cuba, Dominica, Mexico.

Tomosvaryella sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Tomosvaryella sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Syrphidae (Fig. 3Q). It comprises more than 6,000 species distributed worldwide in 202 valid genera (Thompson et al., 2010Thompson, F.C.; Rotheray, G.E. & Zumbado, M.A. 2010. Syrphidae. In: Brown, B.; Borkent, A.; Cumming, J.M.; Wood, D.M. & Zumbado, M.A. (Eds.). Diptera of Central America . Ottawa, NRC-CNRC . v. 2, p. 763-792. https://doi.org/10.1139/9780660199580.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1139/... ), classified into four subfamilies: Syrphinae, Eristalinae, Microdontinae, and Pipizinae (Mengual et al., 2015Mengual, X.; Ståhls, G. & Rojo, S. 2015. Phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic ranking of pipizine flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) with implications for the evolution of aphidophagy. Cladistics, 31(5): 491-508. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12105.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/... ). Larvae and adults of flower flies (or hoverflies) have distinct biology and ecological importance, performing ecosystem services such as control of agricultural pests and decomposition of organic matter (animal and vegetal) during the larval stage, and pollination of plants during adulthood (Rotheray & Gilbert, 2011Rotheray, G.E. & Gilbert, F. 2011. The Natural History of Hoverflies. London, Forrest Text, Blissett Group.). Due to habitat heterogeneity and wide distribution, syrphids are an important group for ecological and evolutionary studies. The syrphid fauna of Brazil counts with 592 species placed in 79 genera (Morales & Marinoni, 2021Morales, M.N. & Marinoni, L. 2021. Syrphidae. In: Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD . Available: Available: http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/827 . Access: 12/12/2021.
http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobr... ). Before this study, Roraima had already recorded 30 genera and at least 64 species, and about half of those numbers are from IIha de Maracá (17 genera and at least 32 species) (Morales, unpublished data). Records of Ilha de Maracá are mainly from collections made in 1987 by researchers from INPA [GBIF.org (17 June 2020) GBIF Occurrence Download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.u75um8]. This survey brings the first record of Stipomorpha (Hull, 1945) and Toxomerus virgulatus (Macquart, 1850) to Roraima, in addition to the first record of Microdon (Chymophila Macquart, 1834), Ocyptamus antiphates (Walker, 1849), and Palpada scutellaris (Fabricius, 1805) to IIha de Maracá (Table 2). Therefore, 31 genera and 66 species of Syrphidae are currently recorded to Roraima.

SYRPHIDAE Latreille, 1802

Subfamily ERISTALINAE Newman, 1834

Genus ALIPUMILIO Shannon, 1927

Alipumilio sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Comments: Data from GBIF, specimen code number INPA-DIP 000336.

Genus CHALCOSYRPHUS Curran, 1925

= Subg. Xylotomina Shannon, 1926 = Planes Rondani, 1863 = Xylotodes Shannon, 1926 = Neplas Porter, 1927 = Cheiroxylota Hull, 1949.

Subgenus NEPLAS Porter, 1927

Chalcosyrphus (Neplas) sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá, Serra Pacaraima, and Tepequém).

Comments: Data from GBIF, specimen code number INPA-DIP 000337 to 000344.

Genus COPESTYLUM Macquart, 1846

Copestylum chalybescens (Wiedemann, 1830). Type locality: ‘Brazil’. Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Pernambuco [= Archipelago of Fernando de Noronha], Roraima), Colombia, Cuba, Panama, Paraguay, Trinidad and Tobago.

Copestylum fumosum (Hull, 1943). Type locality: Brazil (Roraima, Monte Roraima). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima).

Copestylum inconsistens (Curran, 1939). Type locality: Brazil (Roraima, Monte Roraima). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima), Colombia, Costa Rica.

Copestylum meretricias (Williston, 1888). Type locality: Brazil (Mato Grosso, Chapada). Distribution: Argentina, Brazil (Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina, Roraima), Colombia.

Copestylum pallens (Wiedemann, 1830) = Syrphus sexmaculatum Palisot de Beauvois, 1819 = Volucella testaceum Rondani, 1848 = V. sexpunctatum Loew, 1861 = Copestylum pallens var. quadripunctata Doesburg, 1962. Type locality: ‘Brazil’. Distribution: Argentina, Brazil (Amazonas, Roraima), Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Suriname, United States.

Copestylum roraima (Curran, 1939). Type locality: Brazil (Monte Roraima). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima), Colombia.

Copestylum tympanitis (Fabricius, 1805) = Volucella ardua Wiedemann, 1830. Type locality: ‘America meridionali’. Distribution: Brazil (Espírito Santo, Roraima), Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela.

Copestylum viride (Williston, 1888). Type locality: Brazil (Mato Grosso, Chapada). Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Roraima), Colombia, Costa Rica, Peru.

Copestylum sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus MEROMACRUS Rondani, 1848

= Plagiocera Macquart, 1842 = Pteroptila Loew, 1866 = Promilesia Lynch Arribálzaga, 1892 = Metameromacrus Hull, 1942 = Thalamopales Hull, 1949.

Meromacrus ghilianii Rondani, 1848. Type locality: Brazil (Pará, Belém). Distribution: Brazil (Pará, Roraima).

Meromacrus laconicus (Walker, 1852). Type locality: ‘Brazil’. Distribution: Brazil (Bahia, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima, Santa Catarina), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guyana, Panama, Paraguay, Suriname, United States, Venezuela.

Genus ORNIDIA Le Peletier & Serville, 1828

Ornidia obesa (Fabricius, 1775) = Volucella violacea Macquart, 1842 = V. obesoides Giglio-Tos, 1892. Type locality: ‘America’. Distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Acre, Alagoas, Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Distrito Federal, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Paraná, Pernambuco [including Archipelago of Fernando de Noronha], Piauí, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Sergipe, Tocantins), Caribbean Netherlands, Cayman Islands, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Lesser Antilles, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Suriname, United States (including Hawaii), Uruguay, Venezuela. Introduced to Afrotropical (including Madagascar), Oriental and Oceania Regions.

Genus ORTHONEVRA Macquart, 1829

= Cryptineura Bigot, 1859.

Orthonevra spp., Locality: Brazil (Amazonas, Maranhão, Pará, Paraná, Rondônia, Roraima, São Paulo, Tocantins).

Comments: Records from Roraima: Data from GBIF, specimen code number INPA-DIP 004059, 004060.

Genus PALPADA Macquart, 1834

= Doliosyrphus Bigot, 1882.

Palpada aemula (Williston, 1891). Type locality: Mexico (Guerrero, Venta de Zopilote). Distribution: Brazil (Pará, Roraima), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, United States, Venezuela.

Palpada agrorum (Fabricius, 1787) = Eristalis cubensis Macquart, 1842 = E. sallei Giglio-Tos, 1892. Type locality: ‘America insulis’. Distribution: Argentina, Brazil (Amazonas, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Distrito Federal, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Guadeloupe, Honduras, Mexico, Netherlands Antilles, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Paraguay, Suriname, United States, Venezuela.

Palpada claudia (Curran, 1930). Type locality: Panama (Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island). Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Roraima), Costa Rica, Panama.

Palpada conica (Fabricius, 1805). Type locality: ‘America meridionali’. Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Amapá, Bahia, Distrito Federal, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Panama, Paraguay, Peru.

Palpada erratica (Curran, 1930). Type locality: Panama (Canal Zone, Colorado Island). Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Espírito Santo, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Pará, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guyana, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Palpada precipua (Williston, 1888). Type locality: Brazil (São Paulo and Mato Grosso, Chapada). Distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Amapá, Distrito Federal, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay.

Palpada pusio (Wiedemann, 1830). Type locality: ‘Brazil’. Distribution: Argentina, Brazil (Amazonas, Roraima), Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Suriname, Venezuela.

Palpada pygolampa (Wiedemann, 1830). Type locality: ‘Brazil’. Distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Distrito Federal, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Guyana, Paraguay.

Palpada scutellaris (Fabricius, 1805) = Eristalis cognatus Rondani, 1848 = E. angustatus Rondani, 1848 = E. cyaneifer Walker, 1849 = Eristalis limbatinevris Macquart, 1850 = E. fascithorax Macquart, 1850 = Doliosyrphus scutellatus Bigot, 1883 = D. rileyi Williston, 1887. Type locality: ‘America meridionali’. Distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Distrito Federal, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima, São Paulo), Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, United States, Venezuela.

Comments: New record for IIha de Maracá.

Palpada solennis (Walker, 1852) = Eristalis mus Curran, 1930. Type locality: ‘Brazil’. Distribution: Argentina, Brazil (Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Mato Grosso, Roraima, São Paulo), Mexico, Suriname, Venezuela.

Palpada urotaenia (Curran, 1930). Type locality: Brazil (Mato Grosso, Chapada). Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Ecuador, Paraguai, Peru, Suriname.

Genus QUICHUANA Knab, 1913

Quichuana angustiventris (Macquart, 1855) = Helophilus auratus Walker, 1857. Type locality: ‘Valley of the Amazon’. Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Roraima), Colombia, Costa Rica, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Genus SPHIXIMORPHA Rondani, 1850

= Cerioides Rondani, 1850 = Cerioides, subg. Polistoceria Hull, 1949.

Sphiximorpha bigotii (Williston, 1888). Type locality: Brazil (Mato Grosso, Chapada). Distribution: Brazil (Mato Grosso, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, São Paulo).

Genus SPILOMYIA Meigen, 1803

Spilomyia gratiosa Wulp, 1888. Type locality: Argentina (prov. Tucuman). Distribution: Argentina, Brazil (Minas Gerais, Paraná, Roraima, São Paulo), Colombia.

Genus STERPHUS Philippi, 1865

Subgenus CERIOGASTER Williston, 1888

= Zonemyia Shannon, 1925.

Sterphus (Ceriogaster) sp., Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá and Serra Pacaraima).

Comments: Record from Ilha de Maracá: Data from GBIF, specimen code number INPA-DIP 003687.

Subgenus CREPIDOMYIA Shannon, 1926

Sterphus (Crepidomyia) coarctatus (Wiedemann, 1830) = Senoceria spinifemoratus Hull, 1930. Type locality: ‘Brazil’. Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Roraima), Colombia, Costa Rica, Panama.

Sterphus (Crepidomyia) plagiatus (Wiedemann, 1830). Type locality: ‘Brazil’. Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Roraima), Colombia, Guyana, Peru.

Subfamily MICRODONTINAE Rondani, 1845

Genus CERIOMICRODON Hull, 1937

Ceriomicrodon petiolatus Hull, 1937. Type locality: Brazil (Mato Grosso). Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Rondônia, Roraima), Peru.

Genus CHRYSIDIMYIA Hull, 1937

Chrysidimyia sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Comments: Data from GBIF, specimen code number INPA-DIP 000304, 000305.

Genus HYPSELOSYRPHUS Hull, 1937

Hypselosyrphus helvus Reemer, 2013. Type locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima).

Genus MICRODON Meigen, 1803

= Aphritis Latreille, 1804 = Colacis Gistel, 1848 = Scutelligera Spix, 1824 = Parmula Heyden, 1825 = Scutigerella Haas, 1924.

Microdon sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Comments: Data from GBIF, specimen code number INPA-DIP 000301.

Subgenus CHYMOPHILA Macquart, 1834

= Eumicrodon Curran, 1925.

Microdon (Chymophila) barbiellinii Curran, 1936. Type locality: Brazil (São Paulo). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima, São Paulo).

Microdon (Chymophila) stramineus Hull, 1943. Type locality: Brazil (Pará). Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Roraima).

Microdon (Chymophila) sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus PSEUDOMICRODON Hull, 1937

Pseudomicrodon corona (Curran, 1940). Type locality: Brazil (Santa Catarina, Nova Teutônia). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima, Santa Catarina).

Pseudomicrodon sp., Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Amajari, and Ilha de Maracá).

Comments: Data from GBIF, specimen code number INPA-DIP 000307 to 000309.

Genus RHOGA Walker, 1857

= Papiliomyia Hull, 1937.

Rhoga sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá, and Amajari).

Comments: Data from GBIF, specimen code number INPA-DIP 000276 to 000280, 001483.

Genus STIPOMORPHA Hull, 1945

Stipomorpha sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Comments: New record from IIha de Maracá.

Genus UBRISTES Walker, 1852

Ubristes rex Reemer, 2017. Type locality: Brazil (Roraima, Serra Pacaraima). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima).

Subfamily PIPIZINAE Williston, 1885

Genus TRICHOPSOMYIA Williston, 1888

= Halictomyia Shannon, 1927 = Parapenium Collin, 1952.

Trichopsomyia polita Williston, 1888. Type locality: Brazil (Mato Grosso, Chapada). Distribution: Brazil (Mato Grosso, Paraná, Roraima).

Subfamily SYRPHINAE Latreille, 1802

Genus ARGENTINOMYIA Lynch Arribálzaga, 1891

= Rhysops Williston, 1907 = Braziliana Curran, 1925 = Allograptina Enderlein, 1938.

Argentinomyia thiemei (Enderlein, 1938). Type locality: Colombia (Cordillera). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima), Colombia.

Genus ALLOGRAPTA Osten Sacken, 1875

= Neoscaeva Frey, 1946 = Microsphaerophoria Frey, 1946 = Miogramma Frey, 1946 = Helenomyia Bankowska, 1962 = Paraxanthogramma Tao & Chiu, 1971.

Allograpta neotropica Curran, 1936. Type locality: Colombia (Popayan). Distribution: Argentina, Brazil (Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Panama, Venezuela.

Genus DIOPROSOPA Hull, 1949

= Pseudodoros auct. nec Becker, 1903.

Dioprosopa clavata (Fabricius, 1794) = Paragus scutellaris Walker, 1836 = Baccha varia Walker, 1849 = B. facialis Thomson, 1869 = Mixogaster scutellata Williston, 1886 [incorrect original spelling of scutellaris Walker]. Type locality: ‘America meridionalis insulis’. Distribution: Argentina, Bahamas, Bolivia, Brazil (Acre, Alagoas, Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Distrito Federal, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Paraná, Pernambuco [including Archipelago of Fernando de Noronha], Piauí, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Sergipe, Tocantins), Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Haiti, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Suriname, United States, Uruguay, Venezuela.

Genus HYBOBATHUS Enderlein, 1938

= Callisyrphus Frey, 1946 = Calliscaeva Frey, 1946.

Hybobathus sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Caracaraí).

Comments: Data from GBIF, specimen code number INPA-DIP 001264.

Genus MAIANA Miranda, 2020

Maiana callidus (Hine, 1914). Type locality: Guatemala (Puerto Barrios). Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima, Santa Catarina), Costa Rica, Guatemala.

Genus OCYPTAMUS Macquart, 1834

= Cryptamus Stahl, 1882 = Baccha (Ocyptamus) Hull, 1949.

Ocyptamus antiphates (Walker, 1849). Type locality: ‘Jamaica’. Distribution: Belize, Brazil (Amazonas, Distrito Federal, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Paraguay, Trinidad and Tobago, United States.

Comments: New record from Ilha de Maracá.

Ocyptamus dimidiatus (Fabricius, 1781) = Pipiza divisa Walker, 1857 = P. dolosa Walker, 1857 = Baccha imidiatus var. rufifacies Doesburg, 1966. Type locality: ‘America meridionalis insulis’. Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Tocantins), Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru, Puerto Rico, United States, Venezuela.

Ocyptamus sp. 1, ‘lineatus species group’, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Ocyptamus sp. 2, ‘lineatus species group’, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus PELECINOBACCHA Shannon, 1927

= Baccha tristis species group, in part. Hull, 1949 = Ocyptamus tristis species group, in part. Mengual et al., 2012.

Pelecinobaccha adspersa (Fabricius, 1805) = Baccha punctata Shannon, 1927 = B. signifera Austen, 1893. Type locality: ‘America meridionali’. Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Suriname.

Pelecinobaccha ovipositoria (Hull, 1943) = Baccha amabilis Hull, 1943 = B. cordelia Hull, 1949. Type locality: Colombia. Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima), Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Suriname.

Pelecinobaccha pilipes Schiner, 1868 = Baccha hirta Shannon, 1927 = B. nigrocilia Hull, 1943 (including: var. hirtipes and var. inclusa). Type locality: ‘South America’. Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Goiás, Mato Grosso, Roraima), Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Venezuela.

Genus RELICTANUM Miranda, 2014

Relictanum crassum (Walker, 1852) = Baccha zeteki Curran, 1930. Type locality: ‘Brazil’. Distribution: Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Distrito Federal, Maranhão, Pará, Roraima, São Paulo), Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago.

Genus SALPINGOGASTER Schiner, 1868

= Amathia Walker, 1852 (preocc. Lamouroux, 1812) = Flexineura Bezzi, 1908.

Salpingogaster nigra Schiner, 1868 = S. anchoratus Bigot, 1884. Type locality: ‘South America’. Distribution: Argentina, Brazil (Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Tocantins), Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela.

Genus TOXOMERUS Macquart, 1855

= Mesogramma Loew, 1866 = Mesograpta Loew, 1872 = Mitrosphen Enderlein, 1938 = Antiops Enderlein, 1938.

Toxomerus floralis (Fabricius, 1798) = Syrphus floralis Fabricius, 1798 = Scaeva floralis Fabricius, 1805 = Syrphus quadrifasciatus Bigot, 1857 = Mesogramma subannulata Loew, 1866 = M. flamminea Hull, 1941. Type locality: ‘Cajennae’ = French Guiana. Distribution: Argentina, Bahamas, Benin, Brazil (Amazonas, Bahia, Distrito Federal, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Cameroon, Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Jamaica, Mexico, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, Paraguay, Suriname, El Salvador, Togo, United States, Venezuela.

Toxomerus lacrymosus (Bigot, 1884) = Mesograpta lacrymosa Bigot, 1884. Type locality: ‘Brazil and Mexico’. Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Bahia, Distrito Federal, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Suriname, Venezuela.

Toxomerus papaveroi Borges & Couri, 2003. Type locality: Brazil (Santa Catarina, Nova Teutônia). Distribution: Argentina, Brazil (Roraima, Santa Catarina), Peru.

Toxomerus pictus (Macquart, 1842) = Syrphus pictus Macquart, 1842 = Mesogramma poecilogastra Loew, 1866 = Mesograpta jaguarinus Bigot, 1884 = M. maculata Bigot, 1884 = M. ?cuprina Bigot, 1884 = Mesogramma pictus var. melleoguttata Hull, 1941 = M. extrapolata Hull, 1943. Type locality: ‘Guyane’ = French Guiana. Distribution: Argentina, Brazil (Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Distrito Federal, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Paraná, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Tocantins), Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Panama, Puerto Rico, Suriname, Venezuela.

Toxomerus pulchellus (Macquart, 1846) = Syrphus pulchellus Macquart, 1846 = Mesogramma laciniosa Loew, 1866 = Toxomerus punctatus Sack, 1921. Type locality: Mexico (Guadeloupe, San Domingo as ‘Saint-Domingue’). Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Bahia, Goiás, Distrito Federal, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Tocantins), Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, Suriname, Venezuela.

Toxomerus teliger (Fluke, 1953) = Mesograpta teligera Fluke, 1953. Type locality: Mexico, (Guadeloupe, San Domingo as ‘Saint-Domingue’). Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima, São Paulo), Canada, Costa Rica, Mexico, United States, Venezuela.

Toxomerus virgulatus (Macquart, 1850) = Syrphus virgulatus Macquart, 1850 = Mesogramma confusa Schiner, 1868 = Mesograpta maculipes Bigot, 1884 = Mesogramma alphabetica Hull, 1942. Type locality: ‘Brazil’ (as ‘Patrie inconnue, probablement le Bresil’). Distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Bahia, Distrito Federal, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Suriname, Venezuela.

Comments: New record for Ilha de Maracá.

Toxomerus watsoni (Curran, 1930) = Mesogramma watsoni Curran, 1930 = M. lanei Hull, 1942. Type locality: Haiti (Aux Cayes). Distribution: Belize, Bolivia, Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Distrito Federal, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Peru, Puerto Rico, Suriname, Venezuela.

Toxomerus sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima).

Genus XANTHANDRUS Verrall, 1901

Xanthandrus plaumanni Fluke, 1937. Type locality: Brazil, (Santa Catarina, Nova Teutônia). Distribution: Colombia, Brazil (Amazonas, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Roraima, Santa Catarina).

Chloropidae (Fig. 3R). Grass flies are considered one of the most diverse families of flies. With about 3,000 described species worldwide, Chloropidae comprises 204 genera classified into four subfamilies (Marshall, 2012Marshall, S.A. 2012. Flies: the Natural History and Diversity of Diptera. Ontario, Firefly Books.; Nartshuk, 2012Nartshuk, E.P. 2012. A check list of the world genera of the family Chloropidae (Diptera, Cyclorrhapha, Muscomorpha). Zootaxa , 3267: 1-43. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3267.1.1.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ; Riccardi et al., 2018Riccardi, P.R.; Bazyar, Z. & Lamas, C.E. 2018. New genus of the subfamily Oscinellinae from Brazil (Diptera: Chloropidae). Zootaxa , 4438(2): 394-400. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4438.2.13.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ; Riccardi & Amorim, 2020Riccardi, P.R. & Amorim, D.S. 2020. Phylogenetic relationships and classification of the Chloropinae of the world (Diptera: Chloropidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , 190(3): 889-941. https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa007.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/... ). Several chloropids are associated with grasses, including some agricultural pests; but their feeding habits are varied, since they can be found in nearly all terrestrial biomes. The chloropid fauna of Brazil has 136 species (Riccardi, 2021Riccardi, P.R. 2021. Chloropidae. In: Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD . Available: Available: http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadoBrasil/140248 . Access: 16/02/2021.
http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadoBr... ) and several genera are endemic to the Neotropical region. Most of the Brazilian species are from the Atlantic Forest, with scarce records in the Amazon basin. There are only four genera and four species previously recorded for the state of Roraima (Rafael, 1991Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Riccardi, 2021Riccardi, P.R. 2021. Chloropidae. In: Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD . Available: Available: http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadoBrasil/140248 . Access: 16/02/2021.
http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadoBr... ; Riccardi & Pádua, 2021Riccardi, P.R. & Pádua, D.G. 2021. First record of egg sac predation of the fly Pseudogaurax cingulatus Sabrosky (Diptera, Chloropidae) upon spider Tetragnatha sp. (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) in northern Brazil. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 61(4): e20216104. https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2021.61.04.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11606... ). This survey brings several additions to the knowledge of the Brazilian chloropid fauna. There are new records of five genera to Brazil and 10 genera to Roraima. The species Hippelates pseudodorsalis Paganelli & Sabrosky, 1993, Liohippelates currani (Aldrich, 1931), and Pseudogaurax longilineatus Sabrosky, 1949 are also first recorded to this state (Table 2). Despite extensive sorting of the collected material, the morphotypes Eugaurax sp. 1 and Pseudeurina sp. 3 were found only on the savanna site (Table 2). Another intriguing result is the occurrence of Medeventor Wheeler, 2007 species. This taxon was very abundant on the lavrado site. However, few specimens were collected in the remaining forested areas, leading us to interpret that the savanna must have an important role in the biology of this particular species. Except for Pseudogaurax testaceus (Enderlein, 1911) and P. trilineatus (Duda, 1930), the chloropid species listed in Rafael (1991)Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... were disregarded in this checklist, since the remaining three genera identified by C.W. Sabrosky were composed of morphotypes, and the material could not be reexamined.

CHLOROPIDAE Rondani, 1856

Subfamily CHLOROPINAE Rondani, 1856

Genus ECTECEPHALA Macquart, 1851

Ectecephala sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Ectecephala sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Subfamily OSCINELLINAE Becker, 1910

Genus APALLATES Sabrosky, 1980

Apallates sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Apallates sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus CADREMA Walker, 1859

= Prohippelates Malloch, 1913 = Palaeogaurax Duda, 1930.

Cadrema sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus CONIOSCINELLA Duda, 1929

Conioscinella sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Conioscinella sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Conioscinella sp. 3, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus EUGAURAX Malloch, 1913

Eugarax sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus FIEBRIGELLA Duda, 1921

Fiebrigella sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus GONIASPIS Duda, 1930

= Palaeoenderleiniella Duda, 1930.

Goniaspis subequalis (Malloch, 1913). Type locality: West Indies. Distribution: Belize, Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, Rondônia, Roraima), Colombia, Costa Rica, Honduras, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela, West Indies.

Genus HIPPELATES Loew, 1863

= Olcanabates Enderlein, 1911 = Hippelatinus Enderlein, 1911 = Palaeoconioscinella Duda, 1930.

Hippelates pseudodorsalis Paganelli & Sabrosky, 1993. Type locality: Brazil (Rio de Janeiro). Distribution: Brazil (Mato Grosso, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, São Paulo).

Genus INCERTELLA Sabrosky, 1980

Incertella sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus LIOHIPPELATES Duda, 1929

= Stenoprosopon Duda, 1930 = Stratiomicroneurum Duda, 1933.

Liohippelates currani (Aldrich, 1931) = L. colusor Curran, 1926. Type locality: United States Virgin Islands. Distribution: Brazil (Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso, Pará, Paraíba, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima), Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela, United States Virgin Islands.

Genus MALLOEWIA Sabrosky, 1980

Malloewia sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus MEDEVENTOR Wheeler, 2007

Medeventor sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus NOTAULACELLA Enderlein, 1911

= Baseoneura Duda, 1930.

Notaulacella sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Notaulacella sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus OLCELLA Enderlein, 1911

Olcella sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Olcella sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Olcella sp. 3, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Olcella sp. 4, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Olcella sp. 5, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus OSCINELLA Becker, 1909

= Melanochaeta Bezzi, 1906 = Pachychaetina Hendel, 1907.

Oscinella sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus PSEUDEURINA de Meijere, 1904

= Gallomyia Nartshuk, 1965.

Pseudeurina sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Pseudeurina sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Pseudeurina sp. 3, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus PSEUDOGAURAX Malloch, 1915

= Mimogaurax Hall, 1937.

Pseudogaurax cingulatusSabrosky, 1966Sabrosky, C.W. 1966. Three new Brazilian species of Pseudogaurax with a synopsis of the genus in the western hemisphere (Diptera, Chloropidae). Papéis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria da Agricultura, São Paulo, 19(9): 117-127.. Type locality: Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul). Distribution: Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima, São Paulo).

Pseudogaurax higginsi Sabrosky, 1992. Type locality: Mexico. Distribution: Mexico, cf. Brazil (Roraima).

Comments: The specimens from Roraima differ from the species illustration provided by Barnes et al. (1992Barnes, J.K.; Higgins, L.E. & Sabrosky, C.W. 1992. Life histories of Pseudogaurax species (Diptera: Chloropidae), descriptions of two new species, and ecology of Nephila clavipes (Linnaeus) (Araneae: Tetragnathidae) egg predation. Journal of Natural History, 26(4): 823-834. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939200770501.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/... ) mainly in the length of scutellum.

Pseudogaurax longilineatus Sabrosky, 1949. Type locality: Brazil (Rio de Janeiro). Distribution: Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, Roraima).

Pseudogaurax testaceus (Enderlein, 1911). Type locality: Brazil (Santa Catarina). Distribution: Brazil (Santa Catarina, cf. Roraima).

Comments: The scutellum length of the specimens from Roraima is shorter than the representation of Sabrosky (1966Sabrosky, C.W. 1966. Three new Brazilian species of Pseudogaurax with a synopsis of the genus in the western hemisphere (Diptera, Chloropidae). Papéis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria da Agricultura, São Paulo, 19(9): 117-127.).

Pseudogaurax trilineatus (Duda, 1930). Type locality: ‘Brazil’. Distribution: Brazil (Maranhão, Mato Grosso do Sul, Roraima), Nicaragua, Paraguay.

Comments: The only specimens found of the type series with Duda’s label as new species are from Paraguay, San Bernardino (Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984Sabrosky, C.W. & Paganelli, C.H. 1984. Family Chloropidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.). A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States . São Paulo, Departamento de Zoologia da Secretaria da Agricultura do Estado de São Paulo . 63p.).

Pseudogaurax sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Pseudogaurax sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus TRICIMBA Lioy, 1864

= Notonaulax Becker, 1903 = Pentanotaulax Enderlein, 1911 = Euhippelates Malloch, 1925 = Gauracisoma Duda, 1930 = Hammaspis Duda, 1930 = Microchaetaspis Duda, 1930 = Apteroscinis Malloch, 1931 = Eutricimba Malloch, 1931 = Syphonerina Séguy, 1938.

Tricimba sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Tricimba sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Subfamily SIPHONELLOPSINAE Duda, 1932

Genus APOTROPINA Hendel, 1907

= Ectropa Schiner, 1868 = Lasiopleura Becker, 1910 = Parahippelates Becker, 1911 = Pseudohippelates Malloch, 1913 = Emmalochaeta Becker, 1916 = Ephydroscinis Malloch, 1924 = Omochaeta Duda, 1930 = Hopkinsella Malloch, 1930 = Neoborborus Rayment, 1931 = Liomochaeta Duda, 1934 = Oscinelloides Malloch, 1940.

Apotropina sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Milichiidae (Fig. 3S). Jackal flies have approximately 400 described species in the world, placed in 20 genera (Brake, 2000Brake, I. 2000. Phylogenetic systematics of the Milichiidae (Diptera, Schizophora). Entomologica scandinavica, 57(Suppl): 1-120.; Swann, 2010Swann, J.E. 2010. Milichiidae. In: Brown, B.; Borkent, A.; Cumming, J.M.; Wood, D.M. & Zumbado, M.A. (Eds.). Diptera of Central America . Ottawa, NRC-CNRC . v. 2: 1125-1113. https://doi.org/10.1139/9780660199580.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1139/... ). The family is considered monophyletic and is divided into three subfamilies: Madizinae, Milichiinae, and Phyllomyzinae (Brake, 2000Brake, I. 2000. Phylogenetic systematics of the Milichiidae (Diptera, Schizophora). Entomologica scandinavica, 57(Suppl): 1-120.; Swann, 2010Swann, J.E. 2010. Milichiidae. In: Brown, B.; Borkent, A.; Cumming, J.M.; Wood, D.M. & Zumbado, M.A. (Eds.). Diptera of Central America . Ottawa, NRC-CNRC . v. 2: 1125-1113. https://doi.org/10.1139/9780660199580.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1139/... ). There are records of 124 species in 13 genera for the Neotropical region. Approximately 24 species in five genera are known to Brazil (Brake, 2000Brake, I. 2000. Phylogenetic systematics of the Milichiidae (Diptera, Schizophora). Entomologica scandinavica, 57(Suppl): 1-120.; Brake & Freidberg, 2003Brake, I. & Freidberg, A. 2003. Revision of Desmometopa Loew (Litometopa Sabrosky) (Diptera: Milichiidae), with descriptions of six new species. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 105: 265-282.; Sabrosky, 1959Sabrosky, C.W. 1959. A revision of the genus Pholeomyia in North America (Diptera, Milichiidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 52: 316-331. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/52.3.316.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/... , 1973Sabrosky, C.W. 1973. Family Milichiidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.). A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States . São Paulo, Departamento de Zoologia da Secretaria da Agricultura do Estado de São Paulo . 12p. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/49070535.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page... ; Swann, 2010Swann, J.E. 2010. Milichiidae. In: Brown, B.; Borkent, A.; Cumming, J.M.; Wood, D.M. & Zumbado, M.A. (Eds.). Diptera of Central America . Ottawa, NRC-CNRC . v. 2: 1125-1113. https://doi.org/10.1139/9780660199580.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1139/... , 2016Swann, J.E. 2016. Family Milichiidae. Zootaxa , 4122(1): 708-715. In: Wolff, M.; Nihei, S.S. & de Carvalho, C.J.B. (Eds.). Catalogue of Diptera of Colombia. Zootaxa , 4122(1): 642-647. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.53.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ). The previous survey of flies from Ilha de Maracá included morphotypes of four genera of milichiids identified by Dr C.W. Sabrosky (Rafael, 1991Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) and this is the only record of the family to Roraima. The material of Rafael (1991)Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... was categorized in morphotypes and could be not reexamined. Therefore, it was disregarded in the following list of species. The only exception is the genus Desmometopa Loew, 1866, which was not collected in the 2015’s expedition. The samples collected from this survey yielded 23 morphospecies belonging to five genera, of which Milichia Meigen, 1830 and Phyllomyza Fallén, 1810 are firstly recorded in Brazil (Table 2).

MILICHIIDAE Meigen, 1830

Subfamily MADIZINAE Czerny, 1909

Genus DESMOMETOPA Loew, 1866

Desmometopa sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Subfamily MILICHIINAE Schiner, 1862

Genus MILICHIA Meigen, 1830

Milichia sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Milichia sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus MILICHIELLA Giglio-Tos, 1895

Milichiella sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Milichiella sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Milichiella sp. 3, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Milichiella sp. 4, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus PHOLEOMYIA Bilimek, 1867

Pholeomyia sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Pholeomyia sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Pholeomyia sp. 3, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Pholeomyia sp. 4, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Pholeomyia sp. 5, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Pholeomyia sp. 6, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Pholeomyia sp. 7, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Pholeomyia sp. 8, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Subfamily PHYLLOMYZINAE Brake, 2000Brake, I. 2000. Phylogenetic systematics of the Milichiidae (Diptera, Schizophora). Entomologica scandinavica, 57(Suppl): 1-120.

Genus PARAMYIA Williston, 1897

Paramyia sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Paramyia sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Paramyia sp. 3, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Paramyia sp. 4, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Paramyia sp. 5, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Paramyia sp. 6, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Paramyia sp. 7, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus PHYLLOMYZA Fallén, 1810

Phyllomyza sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Phyllomyza sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Curtonotidae (Fig. 3T). This cosmopolitan family is commonly found in tropical and subtropical areas of the globe, and it currently comprises only four extant genera, two of them present in the New World: Diplocentra Loew, 1862 and Curtonotum Macquart, 1843. Curtonotum has 76 described species worldwide and 20 species occurring in the Neotropical region (Mello & Pereira-Colavite, 2018Mello, R.L. & Pereira-Colavite, A. 2018. Catalogue of Neotropical Curtonotidae (Diptera, Ephydroidea). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 58: e20185848. https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2018.58.48.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11606... ; Mello, 2021aMello, R.L. 2021a. Curtonotidae. In: Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD . Available: Available: http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadoBrasil/1614 . Access: 08/09/2021.
http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadoBr... ). The adults are hunchbacked, greyish to brown and vary between 4 and 12 mm in length. Some Neotropical species occur on dung baits and in association with fallen trees (Mello & Pereira-Colavite, 2018Mello, R.L. & Pereira-Colavite, A. 2018. Catalogue of Neotropical Curtonotidae (Diptera, Ephydroidea). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 58: e20185848. https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2018.58.48.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11606... ), but the larval habits remain unknown. Six species of the genus Curtonotum occur in the Amazon basin (Mello, 2021aMello, R.L. 2021a. Curtonotidae. In: Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD . Available: Available: http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadoBrasil/1614 . Access: 08/09/2021.
http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadoBr... ), but the identified material is the first formal record of the genus in Roraima (Table 2). Curtonotum abrelatasLindsay, 2019Lindsay, K.G.; Klymko, J. & Marshall, S.A. 2019. Revision of the Central American and Mexican species of the Curtonotum murinum species complex (Diptera: Curtonotidae). Zootaxa , 4651(3): 531-554. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4651.3.7.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... is recorded for the first time to Brazil (Lindsay et al., 2019Lindsay, K.G.; Klymko, J. & Marshall, S.A. 2019. Revision of the Central American and Mexican species of the Curtonotum murinum species complex (Diptera: Curtonotidae). Zootaxa , 4651(3): 531-554. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4651.3.7.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ) in the present survey. The species C. tumidum Enderlein, 1917 is recorded to Caracaraí (Roraima) and C. pantherinum (Walker, 1849) to IIha de Maracá (Lima, 2018Lima, S.P. 2018. Estudo taxonômico de Curtonotidae Duda, 1934 (Diptera, Ephydroidea), do Brasil. Masters Dissertation. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia. https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/12480.
https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1... ). However, none of these records are formally published. Given that the material was not examined, they are not included on this checklist.

CURTONOTIDAE Duda, 1934

Genus CURTONOTUM Macquart, 1843

Curtonotum abrelatasLindsay, 2019Lindsay, K.G.; Klymko, J. & Marshall, S.A. 2019. Revision of the Central American and Mexican species of the Curtonotum murinum species complex (Diptera: Curtonotidae). Zootaxa , 4651(3): 531-554. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4651.3.7.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... . Type locality: Costa Rica. Distribution: Brazil (Roraima), Costa Rica, Venezuela.

Drosophilidae (Fig. 4A). It currently comprises about 4,500 species in the world, distributed in 73 genera and two subfamilies, Drosophilinae and Steganinae (Brake & Bächli, 2008Brake, I. & Bächli, G. 2008. Drosophilidae (Diptera). In: World Catalogue of Insects. Stenstrup, Apollo Books., v. 9, 412p.). Revision of the biology and distribution of the Neotropical species has been done by Val et al. (1981Val, F.C.; Vilela, C.R. & Marques, M.D. 1981. Drosophilidae of the Neotropical Region. In: Ashburner, M.; Carson, H.L. & Thompson-Jr., J.N. (Eds.). The Genetics and biology of Drosophila. London, Academic Press, p. 123-168.) and more recently by Brake & Bächli (2008)Brake, I. & Bächli, G. 2008. Drosophilidae (Diptera). In: World Catalogue of Insects. Stenstrup, Apollo Books., v. 9, 412p., who listed 910 species in 32 genera in the region. These numbers are certainly outdated since several new species were described in the last decade (e.g.,Pirani & Amorim, 2016Pirani, G.I. & Amorim, D.S. 2016. Going beyond the tip of the Drosophilidae iceberg: New Cladochaeta Coquillett, 1900 (Diptera: Drosophilidae) from Brazil. Zootaxa , 4139: 301-344. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4139.3.1.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ; Carvalho-Filho et al., 2018Carvalho-Filho, F.S.; Pirani, G. & Kloss, T.G. 2018. A new species and notes on unusual natural history of Cladochaeta Coquillett, 1900 (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Zootaxa , 4410: 483-496. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4410.3.3.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ; 2019Carvalho-Filho, F.S.; Duarte, L.B. & Gottschalk, M.S. 2019. A new species of Rhinoleucophenga (Diptera: Drosophilidae), parasite of the scale insect pest Praelongorthezia praelonga (Sternorrhyncha: Ortheziidae) from the Brazilian Amazon. Zootaxa , 4551: 583-592. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4551.5.6.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ; Poppe, et al., 2019Poppe, J.L.; Gottschalk, M.S.; Deprá, M.; Schmitz, H.J. & Valente, V.L.S. 2019. The identity of some specimens previously (mis)identified as Rhinoleucophenga obesa (Loew) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Brazil, based on morphological and molecular data, with implications on distribution. Zootaxa , 4656: 310-334. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4656.2.6.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ; Vilela & Bächli, 2019Vilela, C.R. & Bächli, G. 2019. On the identities of Rhinoleucophenga pallida Hendel and Rhinoleucophenga obesa (Loew) (Diptera, Drosophilidae), with description of a new sibling species from Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 63: 149-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2019.01.001.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/... ). According to Tidon et al. (2021Tidon, R.; Schmitz, H.J.; Martins, M.B. & Gottschalk, M.S. 2021. Drosophilidae. In: Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD . Available: Available: http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/183186 . Access: 03/06/2021.
http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobr... ), there are 305 drosophilid species in Brazil. So far, only six species of Drosophila Fallén, 1823 have been recorded from Roraima, specifically from Rio Branco and Mucajaí (Pavan, 1959Pavan, C. 1959. Relações entre populações naturais de Drosophila e o meio ambiente. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras, Universidade de São Paulo, 221: 1-81.). Among these, there was more unidentified Drosophila material from the melanogaster, repleta, tripunctata, and willistoni groups. The examined material brings new records of 10 species and 12 genera to Roraima (Table 2).

DROSOPHILIDAE Rondani, 1856

Subfamily DROSOPHILINAE Rondani, 1856

Genus CLADOCHAETA Coquillett, 1900

= Clastopteromyia Malloch in Malloch & McAtee, 1924.

Cladochaeta sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus DROSOPHILA Fallén, 1823

Drosophila araicas Pavan & Nacrur, 1950. Type locality: Belém (Pará, Brazil). Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Roraima, São Paulo), Ecuador, Venezuela.

Drosophila ararama Pavan & Cunha, 1947. Type locality: Bertioga (São Paulo, Brazil). Distribution: Argentina, Brazil (Bahia, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Panama.

Drosophila cardinoides Dobzhansky & Pavan, 1943. Type locality: Iporanga, state of São Paulo (Brazil). Distribution: Antilles, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Venezuela.

Comments: This species was registered by Pavan (1959Pavan, C. 1959. Relações entre populações naturais de Drosophila e o meio ambiente. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras, Universidade de São Paulo, 221: 1-81.) to the state of Roraima, but it was not collected in our study.

Drosophila fulvimacula Patterson & Mainland, 1944. Type locality: Sedeño Cañon near Jalapa (Mexico). Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Roraima), Colombia, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Venezuela.

Drosophila fumipennis Duda, 1925. Type locality: Costa-Rica, Suiza de Turrialba. Distribution: Antilles, Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru.

Comments: This species was registered by Pavan (1959Pavan, C. 1959. Relações entre populações naturais de Drosophila e o meio ambiente. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras, Universidade de São Paulo, 221: 1-81.) to the state of Roraima, but it was not collected in our study.

Drosophila malerkotliana Parshad & Paika, 1965. Type locality: Chandigarh, Pinjore and Malerkotla (India). Distribution: widespread in Oriental, Afrotropical, and Neotropical regions.

Comments: This is an exotic species from Oriental region introduced in the Neotropical region.

Drosophila mediostriata Duda, 1925 = D. crocina Patterson & Mainland, 1944 = D. campestris Burla in Pavan, 1950. Type locality: Costa-Rica, Suiza de Turrialba. Distribution: Antilles, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Bahia, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Paraná, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Tocantins), Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Venezuela.

Comments: This species was registered by Pavan (1959Pavan, C. 1959. Relações entre populações naturais de Drosophila e o meio ambiente. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras, Universidade de São Paulo, 221: 1-81.) to the state of Roraima, but it was not collected in our study.

Drosophila nebulosa Sturtevant, 1916 = D. limbata Williston, 1896. Type locality: St. Vincent. Distribution: Antilles, Argentina, Bahamas, Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Bahia, Espirito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Tocantins), Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Haiti, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Uruguay, Venezuela.

Comments: This species was registered by Pavan (1959Pavan, C. 1959. Relações entre populações naturais de Drosophila e o meio ambiente. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras, Universidade de São Paulo, 221: 1-81.) to the state of Roraima, also being collected in our study.

Drosophila polymorpha Dobzhansky & Pavan, 1943. Type locality: Bertioga, state of São Paulo, (Brazil). Distribution: Antilles, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Bahia, Espirito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela.

Comments: This species was registered by Pavan (1959Pavan, C. 1959. Relações entre populações naturais de Drosophila e o meio ambiente. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras, Universidade de São Paulo, 221: 1-81.) to the state of Roraima, also being collected in our survey.

Drosophila sturtevanti Duda, 1927 = D. earlei Sturtevant, 1916 = D. pilifacies Malloch, 1926 = D. biopaca Sturtevant, 1942 = D. earliei Sturtevant, 1942 misspelled. Type locality: Bolivia (Mapiri). Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo).

Comments: This species was registered by Pavan (1959Pavan, C. 1959. Relações entre populações naturais de Drosophila e o meio ambiente. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras, Universidade de São Paulo, 221: 1-81.) to the state of Roraima, but it was not collected in our study. This species belongs to a complex of cryptic species with difficult determination, which makes this record uncertain.

Drosophila sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Comments: The morphotype belongs to the saltans group.

Drosophila sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Comments: The morphotype belongs to the saltans group.

Drosophila sp. 3, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Comments: The morphotype belongs to the repleta group.

Drosophila sp. 4, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Comments: The morphotype belongs to the willistoni group and subgroup.

Drosophila sp. 5, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Comments: The morphotype belongs to the bromeliae group.

Genus HIRTODROSOPHILA Duda, 1923

= Dasydrosophila Duda, 1925.

Hirtodrosophila sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Hirtodrosophila sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus MICRODROSOPHILA Malloch, 1921

Microdrosophila sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus PARAMYCODROSOPHILA Duda, 1924

= Upolumyia Malloch, 1934.

Paramycodrosophila sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus SCAPTOMYZA Hardy, 1849

Scaptomyza sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus ZAPRIONUS Coquillett, 1902

Zaprionus indianus Gupta, 1970 = Z. indiana Gupta, 1970 = Z. paravittiger Godbole & Vaidya, 1972 = Z. collarti Tsacas, 1980 = Z. inermis Séguy, 1938. Type locality: Allahpur, Badaun District of U.P. (India). Distribution: India, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia; widespread in Afrotropical and Neotropical regions.

Comments: This is an exotic species from Afrotropical region introduced in the Neotropical region.

Genus ZYGOTHRICA Wiedemann, 1830

= Drosophilura Hendel, 1913 = Tanyglossa Duda, 1925.

Zygothrica bilineata (Williston, 1896) = Z. gemma Burla, 1956. Type locality: St. Vincent (West Indies). Distribution: Antilles, Bolivia, Brazil (Mato Grosso, Pará, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Jamaica, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.

Zygothrica prodispar Duda, 1925. Type locality: Peru (Pinipini). Distribution: Antilles, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil (Bahia, Mato Grosso, Pará, Piauí, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Suriname.

Zygothrica sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Zygothrica sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Zygothrica sp. 3, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Subfamily STEGANINAE Hendel, 1917

Genus LEUCOPHENGA Mik, 1886

= Oxyleucophenga Hendel, 1913 = Drosomyiella Hendel, 1914 = Paraleucophenga Oldenberg, 1914 = Pavaleucophenga Oldenberg, 1914 = Neoleucophenga Oldenberg, 1915 = Ptyelusimyia Séguy, 1932 = Drosophilopsis Séguy, 1951 = Argyrolampa Strobl, 1893.

Leucophenga sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Leucophenga sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus PSEUDIASTATA Coquillett, 1908

Pseudiastata pseudococcivora Sabrosky, 1951. Type locality: Panama (Canal Zone). Distribution: Brazil (Bahia, Pernambuco, Roraima), Guatemala, Mexico, Panama.

Genus RHINOLEUCOPHENGA Hendel, 1917

Rhinoleucophenga lopesi Malogolowkin, 1946 = R. capixabensis Culik & Ventura, 2009. Type locality: Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). Distribution: Brazil (Bahia, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima).

Rhinoleucophenga punctulata Duda, 1929. Type locality: 60 km N San José de Chiquitos, Bolivia. Distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Bahia, Goiás, Minas Gerais, Pará, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima), Colombia.

Rhinoleucophenga sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus STEGANA Meigen, 1830

= Pyrgometopa Kertész, 1901.

Stegana sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Ephydridae (Fig. 4B). The adults of shore flies are small- to medium-sized dipterous, usually dull, dark-colored, and with great variability in the body structures. Aquatic and semiaquatic environments are typical of this family, although several species are found in other habitats (Mathis, 2010Mathis, W.N. 2010. Ephydridae. In: Brown, B.; Borkent, A.; Cumming, J.M.; Wood, D.M. & Zumbado, M.A. (Eds.). Diptera of Central America ., Ottawa, NRC-CNRC , v. 2, p. 1211-1234. https://doi.org/10.1139/9780660199580.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1139/... ). Ephydridae has a worldwide distribution, with about 1,900 valid species, 146 of which occur in Brazil (Mathis & Zatwarnicki, 1995Mathis, W.N. & Zatwarnicki, T. 1995. World catalog of shore flies (Diptera: Ephydridae). Associated Publishers.; Marinoni et al., 2021Marinoni, L.; Ale-Rocha, R. & Robalo, D.N. 2021. Ephydridae. In: Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD . Available:Available: http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadoBrasil/179211 . Access: 25/01/2021.
http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadoB... ). This is the first time that this family is being documented to Ilha de Maracá, as well as to the state of Roraima. The genera Atissa Haliday, 1837, Lytogaster Becker, 1896, and Mosillus Latreille, 1804 are firstly recorded from Brazil, and seven other genera are new records to Roraima (Table 2).

EPHYDRIDAE Zetterstedt, 1837

Subfamily DISCOMYZINAE Acloque, 1897

Genus LEPTOPSILOPA Cresson, 1922

Leptopsilopa sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Subfamily GYMNOMYZINAE Latreille, 1829

Genus ATHYROGLOSSA Loew, 1860

Athyrogloss sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus LAMPROCLASIOPA Hendel, 1933

Lamproclasiopa ecuadoriensis Costa, Mathis & Marinoni, 2016. Type locality: Ecuador. Distribution: Ecuador, cf. Brazil (Roraima).

Comments: A detailed study should be done to confirm this species identity.

Genus MOSILLUS Latreille, 1804

Mosillus sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus OCHTHERA Latreille, 1802

Ochthera sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Subfamily HYDRELIINAE Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830

Genus ATISSA Haliday, 1837

Athyrogloss sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus PARALIMNA Loew, 1862

Paralimna sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Subfamily ILYTHEIINAE Cresson, 1943

Genus LYTOGASTER Becker, 1896

Lytogaster sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus NOSTIMA Coquillett, 1900

Nostima cinnamea Edmiston & Mathis, 2005. Type locality: Bahamas. Distribution: Bahamas, cf. Brazil (Roraima).

Comments: A detailed study should be done to confirm this species identity.

Genus ZEROS Cresson, 1943

Zeros sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Lauxaniidae (Fig. 4C). It currently comprises about 2,100 species worldwide, distributed in nearly 200 genera (Gaimari & Silva, 2010aGaimari, S.D. & Silva, V.C. 2010a. Lauxaniidae. In: Brown, B.; Borkent, A.; Cumming, J.M.; Wood, D.M. & Zumbado, M.A. (Eds.). Diptera of Central America . Ottawa, NRC-CNRC . v. 2, p. 717-1442., bGaimari, S.D. & Silva, V.C. 2010b. Revision of the Neotropical subfamily Eurychoromyiinae (Diptera: Lauxaniidae). Zootaxa , 2342: 1-64. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2342.1.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ; Pape et al., 2011Pape, T.; Blagoderov, V. & Mostovski, M.B. 2011. Order DIPTERA Linnaeus, 1758. In: Zhang, Z-Q. (Ed.). Animal biodivesity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa , 3148: 222-229. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.42.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ; Pape & Thompson, 2019Pape, T. & Thompson, F.C. 2019. Systema Dipterorum (version 2.0, Jan 2011). In: Roskov, Y.; Ower, G.; Orrell, T.; Nicolson, D.; Bailly, N.; Kirk, P.M.; Bourgoin, T.; DeWalt, R.E.; Decock, W.; Nieukerken, E. van; Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L. (Eds.). Species 200 & ITIS Catalogue of Life, 2019 Annual Checklist. Available: Available: http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2019 . Access: 21/02/2021.
http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-ch... ; Gaimari & Silva, 2020Gaimari, S.D. & Silva, V.C. 2020. A conspectus of Neotropical Lauxaniidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea). Zootaxa , 4862: 1-217. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4862.1.1.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ) and three subfamilies, Lauxaniinae, Homoneurinae, and Eurychoromyiinae (Stuckenberg, 1971Stuckenberg, B.R. 1971. A review of the Old World genera of Lauxaniidae (Diptera). Annals of the Natal Museum, 20: 499-610. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/11549.
http://hdl.handle.net/10413/11549... ; Shewell, 1977Shewell, G.E. 1977. Family Lauxaniidae. In: Delfinado, M.D. & Hardy, D.E. (Eds.). A catalog of the Diptera of the Oriental Region, Volume III. Honolulu, University Press of Hawaii. p. 183-214. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780824886585.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1515/... ; Gaimari & Silva, 2010aGaimari, S.D. & Silva, V.C. 2010a. Lauxaniidae. In: Brown, B.; Borkent, A.; Cumming, J.M.; Wood, D.M. & Zumbado, M.A. (Eds.). Diptera of Central America . Ottawa, NRC-CNRC . v. 2, p. 717-1442., bGaimari, S.D. & Silva, V.C. 2010b. Revision of the Neotropical subfamily Eurychoromyiinae (Diptera: Lauxaniidae). Zootaxa , 2342: 1-64. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2342.1.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ). The Neotropical region has 77 genera and 391 lauxaniid species, of which 106 species and 39 genera occur in Brazil (Silva, 2017Silva, V.C. 2017. Checklist of the species of Lauxaniidae (Insecta, Diptera) from the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. Iheringia, Série Zoologia , 107(Suppl): 1-2. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4766e2017146.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... , 2021aSilva, V.C. 2021a. Lauxaniidae. In: Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD . Available: Available: http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/1225 . Access: 04/09/2021.
http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobr... ; Gaimari & Silva, 2020Gaimari, S.D. & Silva, V.C. 2020. A conspectus of Neotropical Lauxaniidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea). Zootaxa , 4862: 1-217. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4862.1.1.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ). There are reports of only five species in four genera in the state of Roraima (Mello et al., 2017Mello, R.L.; Mahlmann, T. & Silva, V.C. 2017. Redescription and first record in South America of Neogriphoneura timida Curran (Diptera, Lauxaniidae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 61: 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2016.10.001.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/... ; Silva, 2021aSilva, V.C. 2021a. Lauxaniidae. In: Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD . Available: Available: http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/1225 . Access: 04/09/2021.
http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobr... ). The species Allominettia geniseta (Malloch, 1926) and Chaetominettia spinitibia Malloch, 1926 are first recorded to Brazil. Five other genera and six additional species of Lauxaniidae have their first occurrence registered to Roraima (Table 2). At least nine undescribed species of lauxaniids have been discovered in the material from this study, as shown below.

LAUXANIIDAE Macquart, 1835

Subfamily LAUXANIINAE Macquart, 1935

Genus ALLOMINETTIA Hendel, 1925

= Tibiominettia Hendel, 1932 = Tibiominettia Hendel, 1936 (as subgenus of Deutominettia Hendel, 1925) = Homoeominettia Broadhead, 1989.

Allominettia geniseta (Malloch, 1926). Type locality: Costa Rica (San Mateo, Higuito). Distribution: Brazil (Ceará, Maranhão, Piauí, Roraima), Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, United States.

Allominettia sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Allominettia sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus CHAETOMINETTIA Malloch, 1926

Chaetominettia corollae (Fabricius, 1805) = Sapromyza brasiliensis Walker, 1853 = Sapromyza latelimbata Macquart, 1855a. Type locality: “America meridionalis” (Brazil, cf. Wiedemann 1830: 452). Distribution: Argentina, Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul, Roraima), Peru.

Chaetominettia spinitibia Malloch, 1926. Type locality: Costa Rica (San Mateo, Higuito). Distribution: Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul, Roraima), Colombia, Costa Rica, Guyana.

Genus MARMARODECEIA Shewell, 1986

Marmarodeceia marmorata (Malloch, 1926). Type locality: Costa Rica (San Mateo, Higuito). Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Maranhão, Pará, Roraima), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Venezuela.

Marmarodeceia sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus NEOGRIPHONEURA Malloch, 1924

= Rhabdolauxania Hendel, 1925.

Neogriphoneura striatifrons Hendel, 1932. Type locality: Bolivia (San José de Chiquitos). Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Pará, Roraima), Costa Rica, United States.

Neogriphoneura tertia Curran, 1942. Type locality: Panama (Patilla Point). Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Maranhão, Paraná, Roraima, São Paulo), Colombia, Costa Rica, Panama, Paraguay.

Neogriphoneura timida Curran, 1942. Type locality: Panama (Patilla Point). Distribution: Belize, Brazil (Amazonas, Ceará, Maranhão, Roraima), Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago.

Genus PACHYOPELLA Shewell, 1986

= Pachycerina, sensu Melander, 1913, nec Macquart, 1835.

Pachyopella flavida (Wiedemann, 1824). Type locality: South America. Distribution: widespread in the New World; Brazil (Rondônia, Roraima).

Genus PHYSEGENUA Macquart, 1848

Physegenua sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus POECILOMINETTIA Hendel, 1932

Poecilominettia effossa Broadhead, 1989. Type locality: Panama (Barro Colorado Island). Distribution: Panama, cf. Brazil (Roraima).

Comments: A detailed study should be done to confirm this species identity.

Poecilominettia zebroides Hendel, 1925. Type locality: Peru (Pichis, Porto Bermúdez). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima, São Paulo), Peru.

Poecilominettia sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Poecilominettia sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus SETULINA Malloch, 1926

= Calominettia Frey, 1927 = Zeugominettia Hendel, 1932.

Setulina geminata (Fabricius, 1805). Type locality: ‘America meridionalis’. Distribution: widespread in the Neotropical region; Brazil (Roraima).

Genus STENOLAUXANIA Malloch, 1926

= Bacilloflagellomera Papp & Silva, 1995.

Stenolauxania longicornus (Silva, 1999). Type locality: Brazil (Amapá, Serra do Navio). Distribution: Brazil (Amapá, Roraima), Peru.

**Genus XENOCHAETINA Malloch, 1923**

= Allogriphoneura Hendel, 1925 = Haakonia Curran, 1942.

Xenochaetina flavipennis Fabricius, 1805. Type locality: ‘America meridionalis’. Distribution: widespread in the New World; Brazil (Bahia, Roraima, São Paulo).

Xenochaetina sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Xenochaetina sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Xenochaetina sp. 3, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Micropezidae (Fig. 4D). The group comprises flies of medium size and global distribution, with most species occurring in tropical areas (Steyskal, 1968aSteyskal, G.C. 1968a. Family Micropezidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.). A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. São Paulo, Departamento de Zoologia da Secretaria da Agricultura do Estado de São Paulo , p. 1-33. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/50660619.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page... ; Marshall et al., 2016Marshall, S.A.; Cardona, A. & Wolff, M.I. 2016. Family Micropezidae. In: Wolff, M.; Nihei, S.S. & de Carvalho, C.J.B. (Eds.). Catalogue of Diptera of Colombia. Zootaxa , 4122(1): 538-548. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.40.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ). The family is currently divided into five subfamilies: Calycopteryginae, Calobatinae, Eurybatinae, Micropezinae, and Taeniapterinae (McAlpine, 1975McAlpine, D.K. 1975. The subfamily classification of the Micropezidae and the genera of Eurybatinae (Diptera: Schizophora). Systematic Entomology, 43(2): 231-245. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1975.tb00133.x.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/... ; Marshall, 2012Marshall, S.A. 2012. Flies: the Natural History and Diversity of Diptera. Ontario, Firefly Books.), of which only the last two are recorded to Brazil. Little is known about the biology of Micropezinae (Jackson, 2019Jackson, M.D. 2019. Placement of Micropezinae (Micropezidae) on the Diptera tree of life: a molecular phylogenetic approach. (Doctoral Thesis). University of Guelph, Guelph. http://hdl.handle.net/10214/15240.
http://hdl.handle.net/10214/15240... ), but adults of Taeniapterinae are saprophagous, resemble ants or wasps and can be usually found on the top of leaves in primary forests (Marshall, 2012Marshall, S.A. 2012. Flies: the Natural History and Diversity of Diptera. Ontario, Firefly Books.; Ferro & Marshall, 2018Ferro, G.B. & Marshall, S.A. 2018. A revision of the Neotropical ant-like genus Cardiacephala Macquart, including Plocoscelus Enderlein syn. nov. (Diptera: Micropezidae, Taeniapterinae). Zootaxa , 4429(3): 401-458. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4429.3.1.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ). There are at least 700 species of Micropezidae in the world (Marshall, 2012Marshall, S.A. 2012. Flies: the Natural History and Diversity of Diptera. Ontario, Firefly Books.), 105 of which are recorded to Brazil (Ferro & de Carvalho, 2021Ferro, G.B. & de Carvalho, C.J.B. 2021. Micropezidae. In: Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD . Available: Available: http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadoBrasil/34746 . Access: 08/09/2021.
http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadoBr... ). Twenty-eight species in seven genera are known to the state of Roraima (Albuquerque, 1991Albuquerque, L.P. 1991. Taeniapterinae (Diptera, Micropezidae) da Ilha de Maracá e da localidade de Pacaraima, Roraima, Brazil. Acta Amazonica , 21: 3-13. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211013.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ). Although significant progress has been made in the taxonomy of the Neotropical Micropezidae over the last years, there are still several poorly defined genera, and results of subsequent revisions and phylogenies suggest that the number of species can be significantly underestimated (Ferro & Marshall, 2018Ferro, G.B. & Marshall, S.A. 2018. A revision of the Neotropical ant-like genus Cardiacephala Macquart, including Plocoscelus Enderlein syn. nov. (Diptera: Micropezidae, Taeniapterinae). Zootaxa , 4429(3): 401-458. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4429.3.1.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... , 2020Ferro, G.B. & Marshall, S.A. 2020. A redefinition of Paragrallomyia Hendel (Diptera: Micropezidae, Taeniapterinae) and a revision of the P. albibasis complex. Zootaxa , 4822(1): 39-70. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4822.1.2.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ; Ferro et al., 2021Ferro, G.B.; Skevington, J.H.; Marshall, S.A. & Kelso, S. 2021. Systematic relationships of the Taeniapterini (Diptera: Micropezidae, Taeniapterinae). Zootaxa , 5004(2): 370-384. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5004.2.6.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ; Marshall, 2016Marshall, S.A. 2016. Revision of the genus Pseudeurybata Hennig (Diptera, Micropezidae, Taeniapterinae). Zootaxa , 4132(2): 254-268. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4132.2.5.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... , 2019Marshall, S.A. 2019. A revision of the genus Mesoconius Enderlein (Diptera, Micropezidae, Taeniapterinae). European Journal of Taxonomy, 548: 1-126. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2019.548.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5852/... ).

Records of Micropezidae from Roraima were obtained from Steyskal (1968a)Steyskal, G.C. 1968a. Family Micropezidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.). A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. São Paulo, Departamento de Zoologia da Secretaria da Agricultura do Estado de São Paulo , p. 1-33. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/50660619.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page... , Albuquerque (1980aAlbuquerque, L.P. 1980a. Estudos dos Micropezídeos da Bacia Amazônica. I - Contribuição à Sistemática de Micropezidae e estudo do gênero Taeniaptera Macquart, 1835 (Diptera - Acalyptratae). Acta Amazonica , 10(3): 659-670. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921980103659.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... , bAlbuquerque, L.P. 1980b. Estudo dos Micropezídeos da Bacia Amazônica. II - Redescrição de três espécies e conhecimento de duas espécies novas para a ciência de Taeniaptera Macquart, 1835 (Diptera - Micropezidae). Acta Amazonica , 10(4): 863-881. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921980104863.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... , 1991Albuquerque, L.P. 1991. Taeniapterinae (Diptera, Micropezidae) da Ilha de Maracá e da localidade de Pacaraima, Roraima, Brazil. Acta Amazonica , 21: 3-13. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211013.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), Ferro & de Carvalho (2014Ferro, G.B. & de Carvalho, C.J.B. 2014. A pictorial key and diagnosis of the Brazilian genera of Micropezidae (Diptera, Nerioidea). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 58(1): 52-62. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262014000100009.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), and Marshall et al. (2016Marshall, S.A.; Cardona, A. & Wolff, M.I. 2016. Family Micropezidae. In: Wolff, M.; Nihei, S.S. & de Carvalho, C.J.B. (Eds.). Catalogue of Diptera of Colombia. Zootaxa , 4122(1): 538-548. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.40.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ), with the addition of the identified material from the 2015 expedition (Table 2). Grallipeza Rondani, 1850, Poecilotylus Hennig, 1934, and Rainieria Rondani, 1843 are currently paraphyletic groups that will suffer major changes in the upcoming years (Marshall, 2013Marshall, S.A. 2013. Grallipeza Rondani (Diptera: Micropezidae: Taeniapterinae) of the Caribbean and North America. Zootaxa , 3682(1): 45-84. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3682.1.2.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ; Ferro, unpublished data), so these particular species records may be not as accurate as the others.

MICROPEZIDAE Blanchard, 1840

Subfamily TAENIAPTERINAE Cresson, 1930

Genus CARDIACEPHALA Macquart, 1843

= PlocoscelusEnderlein, 1922Enderlein, G. 1922. Klassifikation der Micropeziden. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 88: 140-229. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45506103.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page... = RhoeciusEnderlein, 1922Enderlein, G. 1922. Klassifikation der Micropeziden. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 88: 140-229. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45506103.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page... .

Cardiacephala brevipennis (Walker, 1852). Type locality: ‘Brazil’. Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Rondônia, Roraima, São Paulo), Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, French Guiana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela.

Cardiacephala conifera Hendel, 1933 = Plocoscelus haedulus Hennig, 1935. Type locality: Paraguay (Areguá). Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rondônia, Roraima, São Paulo), Colombia, Guyana, Paraguay.

Cardiacephala nigra Schiner, 1868. Type locality: ‘South America’. Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rio de Janeiro, Rondônia, Roraima, São Paulo), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Genus GRALLIPEZA Rondani, 1850

= SystephallaEnderlein, 1922Enderlein, G. 1922. Klassifikation der Micropeziden. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 88: 140-229. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45506103.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page... .

Grallipeza affinis Hennig, 1934. Type locality: Bolivia (Mapiri, San Carlos). Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima), Colombia, Ecuador.

Grallipeza amazonica (Enderlein, 1922Enderlein, G. 1922. Klassifikation der Micropeziden. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 88: 140-229. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45506103.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page... ). Type locality: Brazil (Alto Amazonas). Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Roraima).

Grallipeza cantata (Cresson, 1926). Type locality: Brazil (Amazonas, Rio Tefé, Boa Vista do Jaquiri). Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Roraima).

Grallipeza ecuadoriensis (Enderlein, 1922Enderlein, G. 1922. Klassifikation der Micropeziden. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 88: 140-229. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45506103.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page... ). Type locality: Ecuador (Guayaquil). Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Roraima, São Paulo), Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Grallipeza placida (Loew, 1866). Type locality: Cuba. Distribution: Brazil (Roraima), Cuba.

Grallipeza placidoides (Cresson, 1926). Type locality: Saint Lucia (Castries). Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Goiás, Maranhão, Roraima), Saint Lucia.

Grallipeza pseudosimplex Hennig, 1934. Type locality: Bolivia (Mapiri, San Carlos). Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Roraima), Colombia, Panama, Peru.

Genus PARAGRALLOMYIA Hendel, 1933

Paragrallomyia teresacristinae (Albuquerque, 1981Albuquerque, D.O.; Pamplona, D.M. & de Carvalho, C.J.B. 1981. Contribuição ao conhecimento dos Fannia R.-D. 1830 da Região Neotropical (Diptera, Fanniidae). Arquivos do Museu Nacional, 56: 9-34.). Type locality: Brazil (Amazonas, Manaus, Reserva Florestal Ducke). Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Roraima).

Paragrallomyia vulgata (Hennig, 1934). Type locality: Brazil (Pará). Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Paraná, Roraima), Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana.

Genus POECILOTYLUS Hennig, 1934

= Poecilomyia Hennig, 1934.

Poecilotylus aliceae (Albuquerque, 1980bAlbuquerque, L.P. 1980b. Estudo dos Micropezídeos da Bacia Amazônica. II - Redescrição de três espécies e conhecimento de duas espécies novas para a ciência de Taeniaptera Macquart, 1835 (Diptera - Micropezidae). Acta Amazonica , 10(4): 863-881. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921980104863.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ). Type locality: Brazil (Amazonas, Manaus, Reserva Florestal Ducke). Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Paraná, Roraima).

Poecilotylus egregius (Hennig, 1934). Type locality: Bolivia (Mapiri, San Antonio). Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Rondônia, Roraima).

Poecilotylus pictusHennig, 1937Hennig, W. 1937. Übersicht über die Arten der Neriiden und über die Zoogeographie dieser Acalyptraten-Gruppe (Diptera). Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 98: 240-280.. Type locality: Bolivia (Yungas de la Paz). Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará, Roraima, São Paulo), Ecuador, Peru.

Poecilotylus tibialis (Macquart, 1843) = Taeniaptera latitibiaEnderlein, 1922Enderlein, G. 1922. Klassifikation der Micropeziden. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 88: 140-229. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45506103.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page... = T. dilator Cresson, 1926. Type locality: ‘Guyana’. Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Pará, Paraná, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Grenada, Guyana, Honduras, Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago.

Poecilotylus sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus PTILOSPHEN Enderlein, 1922Enderlein, G. 1922. Klassifikation der Micropeziden. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 88: 140-229. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45506103.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page...

Ptilosphen comis Cresson, 1930 = P. subgentilis Hendel, 1936. Type locality: Guyana (Kamakusa). Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará, Pernambuco, Roraima), Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru.

Ptilosphen dubius Hennig, 1934. Type locality: Bolivia (Mapiri, Sarampiuní, San Ernesto, San Carlos, San Antonio); Peru (Chanchamayo, Urubamba River, Umuhuankiali). Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Roraima), Peru.

Ptilosphen gentilis Cresson, 1930. Type locality: Costa Rica (San Carlos). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, Peru.

Ptilosphen insignis (Wiedemann, 1830). Type locality: ‘Brazil’. Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima), Colombia, Guyana, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago.

Ptilosphen sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus RAINIERIA Rondani, 1843

= Tanypoda Rondani, 1856.

Subgenus RAINIERIA Rondani, 1843

Rainieria (Rainieria) alternata Cresson, 1926. Type locality: Panama (Portobelo). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima), Panama.

Rainieria (Rainieria) paraffinis Hennig, 1935. Type locality: Guyana (Essequibo River, Moraballi Creek). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima), Guyana.

Rainieria (Rainieria) uda Cresson, 1930. Type locality: Honduras (Sangrelaya). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima), Colombia, Honduras, Peru.

Rainieria (Rainieria) uniformis Hennig, 1935. Type locality: Brazil (Santa Catarina, Blumenau). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima, Santa Catarina).

Rainieria (Rainieria) sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Rainieria (Rainieria) sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Subgenus RAINIERIELLA Hennig, 1935

Rainieria (Rainieriella) andorum Hennig, 1935. Type locality: Bolivia (Mapiri, San Carlos). Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Roraima).

Genus SCIPOPUS Enderlein, 1922Enderlein, G. 1922. Klassifikation der Micropeziden. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 88: 140-229. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45506103.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page...

Scipopus diversus (Schiner, 1868) = S. ruficeps Hendel, 1936. Type locality: ‘South America’. Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Rondônia, Roraima, São Paulo), Colombia, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Venezuela.

Genus TAENIAPTERA Macquart, 1835

Taeniaptera lasciva (Fabricius, 1798) = Calobata ruficeps Guérin-Menéville, 1844 = C. aloa Walker, 1849 = C. lunulata Wulp, 1897 = Taeniaptera obliterata Cresson, 1930. Type locality: French Guiana (Caiena). Distribution: Argentina, Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Distrito Federal, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Cuba, Ecuador, French Guiana, Jamaica, Mexico, Paraguay, United States.

Comments: Records of T. lasciva for the United States are certainly erroneous and this name seems to represent a complex of one or more undescribed species, apparently restricted to the Neotropical region.

Taeniaptera sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Neriidae (Fig. 4E). The family has about 120 species with a mostly circumtropical distribution (Marshall, 2012Marshall, S.A. 2012. Flies: the Natural History and Diversity of Diptera. Ontario, Firefly Books.). The neriids are saprophagous, commonly found in rotting vegetation. Historically, the family has been classified into two subfamilies, Neriinae and Telostylinae (Enderlein, 1922Enderlein, G. 1922. Klassifikation der Micropeziden. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 88: 140-229. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45506103.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page... ; Hennig, 1937Hennig, W. 1937. Übersicht über die Arten der Neriiden und über die Zoogeographie dieser Acalyptraten-Gruppe (Diptera). Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 98: 240-280.). However, more recent classification systems do not use any suprageneric rank (Koch et al., 2015Koch, N.M.; Soto, I.M. & Ramírez, M.J. 2015. First phylogenetic analysis of the family Neriidae (Diptera), with a study on the issue of scaling continuous characters. Cladistics, 31(2): 142-165. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12084.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/... ). There are eight genera and 39 species in the Neotropical region (Aczél, 1961Aczél, M.L. 1961. A revision of American Neriidae (Diptera, Acalyptratae). Studia Entomologica, 4: 257-346.; Steyskal, 1968bSteyskal, G.C. 1968b. Family Neriidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.). A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. São Paulo, Departamento de Zoologia da Secretaria da Agricultura do Estado de São Paulo . 7p. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/50660653.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page... ; Buck & Marshall, 2004Buck, M. & Marshall, S.A. 2004. A review of the genus Longina Wiedemann, with descriptions of two new species (Diptera, Neriidae). Studia Dipterologica, 11: 23-32. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3785.2.2.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ; Sepúlveda et al., 2013aSepúlveda, T.A.; Pereira-Colavite, A. & de Carvalho, C.J.B. 2013a. Revision of the neotropical genus Cerantichir (Diptera: Neriidae) with new records and a key to species. Revista Colombiana de Entomología, 39: 125-131., 2013bSepúlveda, T.A.; Wolff, M.I. & de Carvalho, C.J.B. 2013b. Revision of the Neotropical genus Eoneria Aczél (Diptera: Neriidae) with description of a new species from Colombia. Zootaxa , 3636: 245-256. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3636.2.2.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... , 2014Sepúlveda, T.A.; Wolff, M.I. & de Carvalho, C.J.B. 2014. Revision of the New World genus Glyphidops Enderlein (Diptera: Neriidae). Zootaxa , 3785: 139-174. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3785.2.2.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... , 2019Sepúlveda, T.A.; de Carvalho, C.J.B. & Pereira-Colavite, A. 2019. Systematics of the Neotropical genus Loxozus (Diptera: Neriidae), with notes on distribution and sexual dimorphism. Zoologia, 36: 1-6. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e26928.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3897/... ), of which six genera and 17 species occur in Brazil (Sepúlveda, 2021Sepúlveda, T.A. 2021. Neriidae. In: Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD . Available: Available: http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadoBrasil/2287 . Access: 18/06/2021.
http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadoBr... ). Only two species have previous records for the state of Roraima, Glyphidops filosus (Fabricius, 1805) and Glyphidops limbatusEnderlein, 1922Enderlein, G. 1922. Klassifikation der Micropeziden. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 88: 140-229. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45506103.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page... (Rafael, 1991Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ). The species Nerius pilifer Fabricius, 1805 is a new record to Ilha de Maracá, as well as to Roraima. This species occurs from Mexico to Argentina and its delimitation based exclusively on morphology is still difficult. A more comprehensive study including molecular data is desirable of N. pilifer to reveal possible cryptic species, as already reported in other Neriidae species (Mangan & Baldwin, 1986Mangan, R.L. & Baldwin, D. 1986. A new cryptic species of Odontoloxozus (Neriidae: Diptera) from the Cape Region of Baja California Sur (Mexico). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 88: 110-121. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16264811.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page... ). Distribution records are based on Pereira-Colavite (2013Pereira-Colavite, A. 2013. Neriidae (Diptera, Schizophora) do mundo: análise cladística e taxonomia. (Doctoral Thesis). Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba.).

NERIIDAE Westwood, 1840

Genus GLYPHIDOPS Enderlein, 1922Enderlein, G. 1922. Klassifikation der Micropeziden. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 88: 140-229. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45506103.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page...

= ChaetomeristesEnderlein, 1922Enderlein, G. 1922. Klassifikation der Micropeziden. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 88: 140-229. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45506103.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page... = Dictyonerius Enderlein, 1922 = OdontosceliaEnderlein, 1922Enderlein, G. 1922. Klassifikation der Micropeziden. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 88: 140-229. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45506103.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page... = OncopsiaEnderlein, 1922Enderlein, G. 1922. Klassifikation der Micropeziden. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 88: 140-229. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45506103.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page... = Brachycrotaphus Czerny, 1932.

Glyphidops filosus (Fabricius, 1805) = Telostylus vittatus Cresson, 1912. Type locality: ‘America meridionali’. Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Acre, Alagoas, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Piauí, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Montserrat, Panama, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Glyphidops limbatusEnderlein, 1922Enderlein, G. 1922. Klassifikation der Micropeziden. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 88: 140-229. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45506103.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page... = Odontoscelia striativentris Czerny, 1932 (Odontoscelia). Type locality: Süd-Brasilien, Santa Catharina (= Brazil, Santa Catarina). Distribution: Brazil (Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Minas Gerais, Pará, Roraima, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina, São Paulo).

Genus NERIUS Fabricius, 1805

= BrachantichirEnderlein, 1922Enderlein, G. 1922. Klassifikation der Micropeziden. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 88: 140-229. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45506103.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page... .

Nerius pilifer Fabricius, 1805 = N. brunneus Macquart, 1835 = N. rubescens Macquart, 1843 = N. terebratusEnderlein, 1922Enderlein, G. 1922. Klassifikation der Micropeziden. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 88: 140-229. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45506103.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page... . Type locality: ‘America meridionali’. Distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Bahia, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Paraná, Piauí, Rio de Janeiro, Rondônia, Roraima, São Paulo, Tocantins), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guyana, Haiti, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela.

Agromyzidae (Fig. 4F). Currently, there are 3,000 agromyzid species in the world (ITIS, 2016Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). 2016. Catalogue of Life, Annual Checklist. Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Available: Available: http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2016/search/all/key/Liriomyza/fossil/0/match/1 . Access: 10/08/2021.
http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-ch... ) distributed in 30 genera (Benavent-Corai et al., 2005Benavent-Corai, J.; Martinez, M. & Jiménez Peydró, R. 2005. Catalogue of the host plants of the world Agromyzidae (Diptera). Bollettino di Zoologica Agraria e di Bachicoltura, 37(Suppl): 1-97.). The family is classified into two subfamilies: Agromyzinae and Phytomyzinae, which are recognized by the wing venation and larval cephalopharingeal skeleton (Spencer, 1987Spencer, K.A. 1987. Agromyzidae. In: McAlpine, J.F. (Ed.). Manual of Neartic Diptera. 2. Biosystematics Research Centre, Ottawa, p. 869-879. https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2016/aac-aafc/A54-3-28-eng.pdf.
https://publications.gc.ca/collections/c... ). They are well known as leaf‐mining flies due to the feeding habits of most species, including some important agricultural pests (Boucher, 2010Boucher, S. 2010. Agromyzidae (leaf-mining flies). In: Brown, B.; Borkent, A.; Cumming, J.M.; Wood, D.M. & Zumbado, M.A. (Eds.). Diptera of Central America , NRC-CNRC, Ottawa, 2: 1057-1071. https://doi.org/10.1139/9780660199580.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1139/... ). The Neotropical region has about 760 described species (Pape et al., 2009Pape, T.; Bickel, D. & Meier, R. 2009. Diptera diversity: Status, challenges and tools. Leiden, Brill Academic Publishers.), of which only 131 species of 14 genera have been registered to Brazil, with most of the Brazilian fauna known from the Southeast region (Sousa, unpublished data). All the leaf-mining flies collected on Ilha de Maracá represent new records to the state of Roraima. The Agromyzidae diversity from the Brazilian Amazon Forest is poorly known, although new records and new species have been recently published from Rondônia, with 12 species (Sousa & Couri, 2017aSousa, V.R. & Couri M.S. 2017a. Two new Japanagromyza Sasakawa (Diptera: Agromyzidae) from Brazil. Iheringia, Série Zoologia , 107: e2017032. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4766e2017032.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... , 2017bSousa, V.R. & Couri, M.S. 2017b. Phytobia (Diptera: Agromyzidae) from Brazil: new species, new record and a key to the Neotropical species. Zoologia, 34: e12308. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e12308.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3897/... , 2018Sousa, V.R. & Couri, M.S. 2018. A new species of Liriomyza Mik (Diptera, Agromyzidae) on okra in Brazil. Zootaxa , 4410(3): 551-558.), and Pará, with 36 species (Monteiro et al., 2015Monteiro, N.; Carvalho-Filho, F. da S. & Esposito, M.C. 2015. A new species of Japanagromyza Sasakawa (Diptera: Agromyzidae) from the Brazilian Amazon with notes on biology. Zootaxa , 3919(3): 493-500. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3919.3.4.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ; Carvalho-Filho et al., 2016Carvalho-Filho, F.S.; Almeida, F.R. de A. & Esposito, M.C. 2016. Description of a nomen nudum species of Liriomyza Mik and first record of Liriomyza blechi Spencer from Brazil (Insecta: Diptera: Agromyzidae). Zootaxa , 4088(3): 445-450. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4088.3.10.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ; Monteiro & Esposito, 2017Monteiro, N. & Esposito, M.C. 2017. New species of Calycomyza Hendel (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in Brazil. Zootaxa , 4338(3): 574-586. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4338.3.11.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ; Monteiro et al., 2019Monteiro, N.J.S.; Barbosa, R.R. & Esposito, M.C. 2019. Agromyzidae (Diptera: Schizophora) in the State of Pará: new species and new records in Brazil. Zootaxa , 4624(2): 151-182. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4624.2.1.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ). These numbers reveal that the lack of knowledge about agromyzids from the Brazilian Amazon is due to insufficient studies in this region.

AGROMYZIDAE Fallén, 1823

Subfamily AGROMYZINAE Hendel, 1931

Genus AGROMYZA Fallén, 1810

= Agromyza Fallén, 1810 = Calyptomyza Hardy, 1850 = Adromyza Meigen, 1830 = Domomyza Rondani, 1856 = Mesonevra Lioy, 1864 = Cecidomyiaceltis Patton, 1897 = Stomacrypolus Enderlein, 1936a = Stomacrypolus Enderlein, 1936b.

Agromyza sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Subfamily PHYTOMYZINAE Hendel, 1931

Genus CALYCOMYZA Hendel, 1931

= Dizygomyza (Calycomyza) Hendel, 1931 = Phytobia (Calycomyza) Frick, 1952a = Calycomyza Nowakowski, 1962.

Calycomyza sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus LIRIOMYZA Mik, 1894

= Agrophila Lioy, 1864 = Liriomyza Mik, 1894 = Antineura Melander, 1913 = Haplomyza Hendel, 1914 = Praspedomyza Hendel, 1931 = Craspedomyza Enderlein, 1936a = Triticomyza Blanchard, 1938 = Galiomyza Spencer, 1981.

Liriomyza sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Liriomyza sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Odiniidae (Fig. 4G). Odiniidae has 81 described species distributed in 18 genera (Torres et al., 2021Torres, A.; Rafael, J.A.; Gaimari, S.D. & Limeira-de-Oliveira, F. 2021. Revision of the genus Lopesiodinia Prado, 1973 (Diptera: Odiniidae) with description of three new species, and a key to the extant Neotropical genera and species of Traginopinae. Zootaxa , 5052: 332-352. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5052.3.2.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ). Although it counts with few species, the group is present in all biogeographic regions and there are estimates of a large number of undescribed species (Gaimari & Mathis, 2011Gaimari, S.D. & Mathis, W.N. 2011. World catalog and conspectus on the family Odiniidae (Diptera: Schizophora). Myia, 12: 291-339. http://hdl.handle.net/10088/18930.
http://hdl.handle.net/10088/18930... ). The family is considered monophyletic and is divided into two subfamilies, Odiniinae and Traginopinae (Hennig, 1965Hennig, W. 1965. Die Acalyptratae des Baltischen Bernsteins und ihre Bedeutung für die Erforschung der phylogenetischen Entwicklung dieser Dipteren-Gruppe. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, 145: 1-215. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/241980.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part... ; Gaimari & Mathis, 2011Gaimari, S.D. & Mathis, W.N. 2011. World catalog and conspectus on the family Odiniidae (Diptera: Schizophora). Myia, 12: 291-339. http://hdl.handle.net/10088/18930.
http://hdl.handle.net/10088/18930... ). There are records of 39 species in 11 genera for the Neotropical region. Of these, 24 species of nine genera are known to Brazil (Prado, 1973Prado, A.P. do. 1973. Contribuição ao conhecimento da família Odiniidae (Diptera, Acalyptratae). Studia Entomologica , 16: 481-510.; Gaimari & Mathis, 2011Gaimari, S.D. & Mathis, W.N. 2011. World catalog and conspectus on the family Odiniidae (Diptera: Schizophora). Myia, 12: 291-339. http://hdl.handle.net/10088/18930.
http://hdl.handle.net/10088/18930... ; Limeira-de-Oliveira et al., 2017Limeira-de-Oliveira, F.; Marques, D.W.A.; Reis, G.A. & Rafael, J.A. 2017. Inpauema, a new genus of Odiniidae (Diptera) from Brazil, with description of five new species. Zootaxa , 4362(4): 517-534. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4362.4.3.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ; Limeira-de-Oliveira et al., 2020Limeira-de-Oliveira, F.; Marques, D.W.A.; Gaimari, S.D. & Rafael, J.A. 2020. A new genus and species of odiniids (Diptera: Odiniidae) from the canopy of the Brazilian Amazon rainforest. Zootaxa , 4801(1): 164-170. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4801.1.8.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ; Torres et al., 2021Torres, A.; Rafael, J.A.; Gaimari, S.D. & Limeira-de-Oliveira, F. 2021. Revision of the genus Lopesiodinia Prado, 1973 (Diptera: Odiniidae) with description of three new species, and a key to the extant Neotropical genera and species of Traginopinae. Zootaxa , 5052: 332-352. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5052.3.2.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ; Flores et al., 2021Flores, H.F; Pirani, G.; Gaimari, S.D. & Amorim, D.S. 2021. Two new species of Neotraginops Prado (Diptera: Odiniidae: Traginopinae) from Costa Rica and Brazil. Zootaxa , 5048: 176-190. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5048.2.2.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ). Only one species was previously known from Roraima: Odinia surumuanaPrado, 1973Prado, A.P. do. 1973. Contribuição ao conhecimento da família Odiniidae (Diptera, Acalyptratae). Studia Entomologica , 16: 481-510.. This survey reports an undescribed species belonging to the genus Odinia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 (Table 2).

ODINIIDAE Hendel, 1920

Subfamily ODINIINAE Hendel, 1920

Genus ODINIA Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830

= Alticomerus Rondani, 1856.

Odinia surumuanaPrado, 1973Prado, A.P. do. 1973. Contribuição ao conhecimento da família Odiniidae (Diptera, Acalyptratae). Studia Entomologica , 16: 481-510.. Type locality: Brazil (Roraima). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima).

Odinia sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Periscelididae (Fig. 4H). It is a small cosmopolitan family, which is more diverse in the Neotropical region. Representatives of this family are associated with sap exuding from deciduous trees or with phytotelmata in the axils of monocotyledons, thus information about the immature stages is very scarce and comes largely from temperate regions (Gomes et al., 2018Gomes, E.S.; Ale-Rocha, R. & Keppler, R.L.F. 2018. A new species of Stenomicra Coquillett (Diptera: Periscelididae) from the Brazilian Amazon and its life history. Zootaxa , 4407(4): 591-599. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4407.4.11.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ). There are 25 valid species from Brazil, with the greatest diversity recorded from the Amazon basin. The species Neoscutops cariri Amorim & Vasconcelos, 1990 is firstly recorded from Roraima (Amorim & Vasconcelos, 1989Amorim, D.S. & Vasconcelos, C.M. 1989. First known Brazilian species of the genera Scutops and Neoscutops (Diptera, Periscelididae), with comments on the relationships among the species in each genus. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 84(4): 37-44. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02761989000800012.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) and the Brazilian distribution of the genus Stenomicra Coquillett, 1900, previously restricted to the state of Amazonas (Freitas & Ale-Rocha, 2011Freitas, G. & Ale-Rocha, R. 2011. Description of two new species of Stenomicra Coquillett (Diptera, Periscelididae) from the Neotropics. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 55(3): 348-354. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262011005000044.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Gomes et al., 2018Gomes, E.S.; Ale-Rocha, R. & Keppler, R.L.F. 2018. A new species of Stenomicra Coquillett (Diptera: Periscelididae) from the Brazilian Amazon and its life history. Zootaxa , 4407(4): 591-599. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4407.4.11.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ), now is reported to Roraima as well.

PERISCELIDIDAE Stackelberg, 1933

Subfamily PERISCELIDINAE Oldenberg, 1914

Genus NEOSCUTOPS Malloch, 1926

Neoscutops caririAmorim & Vasconcelos, 1989Amorim, D.S. & Vasconcelos, C.M. 1989. First known Brazilian species of the genera Scutops and Neoscutops (Diptera, Periscelididae), with comments on the relationships among the species in each genus. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 84(4): 37-44. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02761989000800012.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... . Type locality: Brazil (Paraíba). Distribution: Brazil (Alagoas, Paraíba, Roraima).

Subfamily STENOMICRINAE Papp, 1984

Genus STENOMICRA Coquillett, 1900

Stenomicra sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Ropalomeridae (Fig. 4I). It is a small family of robust, medium- to large-sized, brown to dark brown flies, with flattened and enlarged palps, and strongly enlarged femora. Its representatives are exclusively distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of the American continent, ranging from Argentina to southwestern United States (Steyskal, 1987aSteyskal, G.C. 1987a. Ropalomeridae. In: McAlpine, J.F. (Ed.). Manual of Neartic Diptera. Ottawa, Res. Branch, Agriculture Canada. v. 2, p. 941-944. https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2016/aac-aafc/A54-3-28-eng.pdf.
https://publications.gc.ca/collections/c... ). The family currently comprises 35 species distributed in nine genera (Ibáñez-Bernal & Hernández-Ortiz, 2012Ibáñez-Bernal, S. & Hernández-Ortiz, V. 2012. The new genus Acrocephalomyia, and a new species of Ropalomera from Costa Rica, with additional records for other Mesoamerican species (Diptera: Ropalomeridae). Zootaxa , 3478: 553-569. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3478.1.44.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ; Kirst & Ale-Rocha, 2012Kirst, F.D. & Ale-Rocha, R. 2012. Taxonomic revision of the Amazonian species of Ropalomera Wiedemann, 1824 (Diptera: Ropalomeridae). Zootaxa , 3151: 1-27. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3151.1.1.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ; Alvim & Ale-Rocha, 2016Alvim, E. & Ale-Rocha, R. 2016. Two new species of Acrocephalomyia Ibáñez-Bernal & Hernández-Ortiz, 2012 from Brazil (Diptera, Ropalomeridae) and a key to known species. Zootaxa, 4067(1): 57-64.). In Brazil, there are 30 species distributed in all eight genera, except Rhytidops Lindner, 1930 (Alvim & Ale-Rocha, 2016Alvim, E. & Ale-Rocha, R. 2016. Two new species of Acrocephalomyia Ibáñez-Bernal & Hernández-Ortiz, 2012 from Brazil (Diptera, Ropalomeridae) and a key to known species. Zootaxa, 4067(1): 57-64., 2021Alvim, E. & Ale-Rocha, R. 2021. Ropalomeridae. In: Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD. Available: Available: http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadoBrasil/15092 . Access: 20/10/2021.
http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadoBr... ). There are three known species from Roraima. Of these, Willistoniella pleuropunctata (Wiedemann, 1824) and Willistoniella ulyssesiMarques & Ale-Rocha, 2005Marques, A.P.C. & Ale-Rocha, R. 2005. Revisão do gênero Willistoniella Mik, 1895 (Diptera, Ropalomeridae) da região neotropical. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 49(2): 210-227. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262005000200004.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... were both previously recorded for Ilha de Maracá (Marques & Ale-Rocha, 2005Marques, A.P.C. & Ale-Rocha, R. 2005. Revisão do gênero Willistoniella Mik, 1895 (Diptera, Ropalomeridae) da região neotropical. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 49(2): 210-227. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262005000200004.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), and Lenkokroeberia chryserea Prado, 1966 is recorded for the first time for the state of Roraima.

ROPALOMERIDAE Schiner, 1868

Genus LENKOKROEBERIA Prado, 1966

Lenkokroeberia chryserea Prado, 1966. Type locality: Brazil, Mato Grosso, Salobra. Distribution: Brasil (Mato Grosso, Roraima, São Paulo), Mexico, Venezuela.

Genus WILLISTONIELLA Mick, 1895

= Rhopalomyia Williston, 1895.

Willistoniella ulyssesiMarques & Ale-Rocha, 2005Marques, A.P.C. & Ale-Rocha, R. 2005. Revisão do gênero Willistoniella Mik, 1895 (Diptera, Ropalomeridae) da região neotropical. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 49(2): 210-227. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262005000200004.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... . Type locality: Brazil (Amazonas). Distribution: widespread in the Neotropical Region; Brazil (Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Pará, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rondônia, Roraima), cf. Brazil (Roraima).

Comments: A detailed study should be done to confirm this species identity.

Willistoniella pleuropunctata (Wiedemann, 1824) = Ropalomera pleuropunctata Wiedemann, 1824 = Rhopalomera vittifrons [sic] Rondani, 1848 = Ropalomera substituta [sic] Walker, 1858 = Rhopalomyia pleuropunctata Williston, 1895. Type locality: ‘South America’. Distribution: widespread in the Neotropical Region; Brazil (Amazonas, Bahia, Distrito Federal, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Rio de Janeiro, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Sergipe, Tocantins).

Sepsidae (Fig. 4J). It currently comprises about 350 species in the world. These are distributed in 38 genera (Ozerov, 2005Ozerov, A.L. 2005. World Catalogue of the family Sepsidae (Insecta: Diptera). Zoologicheskie issledovania, 8: 1-74.; Pape et al., 2011Pape, T.; Blagoderov, V. & Mostovski, M.B. 2011. Order DIPTERA Linnaeus, 1758. In: Zhang, Z-Q. (Ed.). Animal biodivesity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa , 3148: 222-229. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.42.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ) categorized in two subfamilies, Orygmatinae and Sepsinae (Zuska, 1977Zuska, J. 1977. A revision of the genus Parapalaeosepsis (Diptera, Sepsidae). Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca, 74: 50-61., 1980Zuska, J. 1980. Family Sepsidae. In: Crosskey, R.W. (Ed.). Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. London, British Museum (Natural History). p. 591-596.; Steyskal, 1987bSteyskal, G.C. 1987b. Family Sepsidae, In: McAlpine, J.F. (Ed.). Manual of Neartic Diptera. Ottawa, Biosystematics Research Centre. v. 2, p. 945-950. https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2016/aac-aafc/A54-3-28-eng.pdf.
https://publications.gc.ca/collections/c... ). The Neotropical region has 10 genera and 46 species of Sepsinae, seven genera and 24 species of which are known to Brazil (Silva, 2010Silva, V.C. 2010. Sepsidae. In: Brown, B.; Borkent, A.; Cumming, J.M.; Wood, D.M. & Zumbado, M.A. (Eds.). Diptera of Central America . Ottawa, NRC-CNRC , v. 2, p. 103-1039. https://doi.org/10.1139/9780660199580.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1139/... , 2021bSilva, V.C. 2021b. Sepsidae. In: Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD . Available: Available: http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadoBrasil/1931 . Access: 04/09/2021.
http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadoBr... ). Previously, Roraima counted with three genera and nine species reported from Ilha de Maracá (Silva, 1991Silva, V.C. 1991. Levantamento preliminar de Sepsidae (Diptera, Schizophora) em Roraima, Projeto Maracá, com descrição de uma espécie nova. Acta Amazonica , 21: 369-374. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211374.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ). The newly identified material raised this number to four genera and 11 species, with new records of Archisepsis diversiformis (Ozerov, 1993) (as new record for the species) and Meropliosepsis sexsetosa Duda, 1926 (as new record for the genus and species) for the state (Tables 1-2).

SEPSIDAE Walker, 1833

Subfamily SEPSINAE Walker, 1833

Genus ARCHISEPSIS Silva, 1993Silva, V.C. 1993. Revisão da família Sepsidae na região Neotropical. III. Os gêneros Palaeosepsis Duda, 1926, Archisepsis, gen. n.: Chave para os gêneros neotropicais (Diptera, Schizophora). Iheringia, Série Zoologia , 75: 117-170.

Archisepsis armata (Schiner, 1868). Type locality: ‘Brazil’ (Rio de Janeiro according to Silva, 1993Silva, V.C. 1993. Revisão da família Sepsidae na região Neotropical. III. Os gêneros Palaeosepsis Duda, 1926, Archisepsis, gen. n.: Chave para os gêneros neotropicais (Diptera, Schizophora). Iheringia, Série Zoologia , 75: 117-170.). Distribution: Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil (Bahia, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Uruguay, Venezuela.

Archisepsis discolor (Bigot, 1857). Type locality: Cuba. Distribution: Argentina, Azores Islands, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Distrito Federal, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Suriname, Venezuela.

Archisepsis diversiformis (Ozerov, 1993). Type locality: Costa Rica (Puntarenas, Monte Verde). Distribution: Argentina, Brazil (Mato Grosso, Roraima), Costa Rica, Ecuador, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Venezuela.

Archisepsis ecalcarata (Thomson, 1869). Type locality: ‘California’ (United States). Distribution: Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Pará, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, United States, Venezuela.

Archisepsis excavata (Duda, 1926). Type locality: Ecuador (Cuenca). Distribution: Belize, Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Goiás, Maranhão, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Guyana, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Venezuela.

Archisepsis pusio (Schiner, 1868). Type locality: Venezuela. Distribution: Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Montserrat, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Uruguay, United States, Venezuela.

Genus MEROPLIOSEPSIS Duda, 1926

Meropliosepsis sexsetosa Duda, 1926. Type locality: Costa Rica (Suiza di Turrialba). Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima), Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Venezuela.

Genus MICROSEPSIS Silva, 1993Silva, V.C. 1993. Revisão da família Sepsidae na região Neotropical. III. Os gêneros Palaeosepsis Duda, 1926, Archisepsis, gen. n.: Chave para os gêneros neotropicais (Diptera, Schizophora). Iheringia, Série Zoologia , 75: 117-170.

Microsepsis armillata (Melander & Spuler, 1917). Type locality: Haiti. Distribution: Argentina, Bahamas, Brazil (Amapá, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Costa Rica, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, British Virgin Islands, United States, Venezuela.

Microsepsis furcata (Melander & Spuler, 1917). Type locality: Jamaica. Distribution: Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil (Amapá, Bahia, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, United States, Venezuela.

Microsepsis mitis (Curran, 1927). Type locality: Colombia (Vista Nieve, San Lorenzo Mountain). Distribution: Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil (Bahia, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima), Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Venezuela.

Genus PALAEOSEPSIOIDES Ozerov, 1992

Palaeosepsioides erythromyrmus (Silva, 1991Silva, V.C. 1991. Levantamento preliminar de Sepsidae (Diptera, Schizophora) em Roraima, Projeto Maracá, com descrição de uma espécie nova. Acta Amazonica , 21: 369-374. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211374.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ). Type locality: Brazil (Pará, Estrada Belém-Bragança). Distribution: Brazil (Amapá, Pará, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima), Venezuela.

Pyrgotidae (Fig. 4K). The family is composed of about 360 species in 55 genera in the world. However, the majority of this diversity is in tropical areas (Korneyev, 2012Korneyev, V.A. 2012. Revision of the genus Pyrgotomyia Hendel (Diptera: Pyrgotidae). African Invertebrates, 53: 187-203. https://doi.org/10.5733/afin.053.0112.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5733/... ). Pyrgotids are flies of nocturnal habits, which larvae are endoparasitoids of adult beetles of the family Scarabaeidae. Usually, the adults are captured in light traps in synchronized periods with the life cycle of its hosts. Malloch (1929Malloch, J.R. 1929. Exotic Muscaridae (Diptera), XXIV, Family Pyrgotidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Serie 9(20): 249-261.) highlighted the scarcity of Pyrgotidae in scientific collections due to specific life habits of its members. The Neotropical region has 58 species in 12 genera (Mello & Lamas, 2014Mello, R.L. & Lamas, C.J.E. 2014. Review of the genera Stenopyrgota Malloch and Tropidothrinax Enderlein (Diptera, Pyrgotidae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 58: 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262014000100001.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ). Of these, only 36 species and five genera are known to Brazil (Mello, 2021bMello, R.L. 2021b. Pyrgotidae. In: Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD . Available: Available: http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadoBrasil/83626 . Access: 08/09/2021.
http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadoBr... ). The family is currently composed of the following subfamilies and tribes: Pyrgotinae (Prodalmanniini, Pyrgotini, Toxopyrgotini, and Toxurini) and Teretrurinae (McAlpine, 1990McAlpine, D.K. 1990. The taxonomic position of the Ctenostylidae (= Lochmostyliinae; Diptera: Schizophora). Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz , 84: 365-371. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02761989000800065.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Korneyev, 2016Korneyev, V.A. 2016. New taxa and synonymy in the family Pyrgotidae (Diptera, Tephritoidea). I. Tribes Prodalmanniini and Toxopyrgotini. Vestnik Zoologii , 50: 39-48. https://doi.org/10.1515/vzoo-2016-0024.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1515/... ). The present study presents the first record of this family to Roraima (Table 2), providing a significant improvement to the knowledge of the pyrgotid Brazilian fauna.

PYRGOTIDAE Schiner, 1868

Subfamily PYRGOTINAE Schiner, 1868

Genus PYRGOTA Wiedemann, 1830

Pyrgota longipes Hendel, 1908. Type locality: Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul). Distribution: Brazil (Bahia, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima, São Paulo), Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala.

Richardiidae (Fig. 4L). Currently, the family comprises about 200 species distributed in 32 valid genera allocated in the subfamilies Richardiinae and Epiplateinae (Steyskal, 1987cSteyskal, G.C. 1987c. Family Richardiidae. In: McAlpine, J.F. (Ed.). Manual of Neartic Diptera . 2. Biosystematics Research Centre, Ottawa, p. 833-837. https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2016/aac-aafc/A54-3-28-eng.pdf.
https://publications.gc.ca/collections/c... ; Hancock, 2010Hancock, E.G. 2010. Richardiidae. In: Brown, B.; Borkent, A.; Cumming, J.M.; Wood, D.M. & Zumbado, M.A. (Eds.). Diptera of Central America . Ottawa, NRC-CNRC . v. 2, p. 871-879.; Wendt & Ale-Rocha, 2012Wendt, L.D. & Ale-Rocha, R. 2012. Redescription of the genus Coniceps Loew, 1873 (Diptera, Richardiidae). Zootaxa , 3238: 49-56. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3238.1.4.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ). The distribution of Richardiidae is restricted to the Americas, especially the Neotropical region (Steyskal, 1968cSteyskal, G.C. 1968c. Family Richardiidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.). A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. São Paulo, Departamento de Zoologia da Secretaria da Agricultura do Estado de São Paulo . 20p. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/49070535.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page... ; Hancock, 2010Hancock, E.G. 2010. Richardiidae. In: Brown, B.; Borkent, A.; Cumming, J.M.; Wood, D.M. & Zumbado, M.A. (Eds.). Diptera of Central America . Ottawa, NRC-CNRC . v. 2, p. 871-879.; Wendt & Ale-Rocha, 2014Wendt, L.D. & Ale-Rocha, R. 2014. Taxonomic notes of Hemixantha (Diptera: Richardiidae) with description of a new species from the Amazon Region. Zoologia , 31(1): 88-96. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-46702014000100010.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... , 2016Wendt, L.D. & Ale-Rocha, R. 2016. Family Richardiidae. In: Wolff, M.; Nihei, S.S. & de Carvalho, C.J.B. (Eds.). Catalogue of Diptera of Colombia. Zootaxa , 4122(1): 585-595. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.53.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ). They are small- to medium-sized flies and most species are saprophagous (Hancock, 2010Hancock, E.G. 2010. Richardiidae. In: Brown, B.; Borkent, A.; Cumming, J.M.; Wood, D.M. & Zumbado, M.A. (Eds.). Diptera of Central America . Ottawa, NRC-CNRC . v. 2, p. 871-879.; Wendt & Ale-Rocha, 2016Wendt, L.D. & Ale-Rocha, R. 2016. Family Richardiidae. In: Wolff, M.; Nihei, S.S. & de Carvalho, C.J.B. (Eds.). Catalogue of Diptera of Colombia. Zootaxa , 4122(1): 585-595. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.53.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ). There are records of 15 genera and 62 species to Brazil (Ale-Rocha & Wendt, 2021Ale-Rocha, R. & Wendt, L.D. 2021. Richardiidae. In: Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD. Available: Available: http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadoBrasil/694 . Access: 25/01/2021.
http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadoBr... ). The fauna previously known to Roraima included the genera Coilometopia Macquart, 1847; Epiplatea Loew, 1868; Odontomera Macquart, 1843; Ozaenina Enderlein, 1912; PoecilomyiaHendel, 1911Hendel, F. 1911. Diptera. Fam. Muscaridae, Subfam. Richardiinae. Genera Insectorum, 113: 1-56.; Richardia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 (Rafael, 1991Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Wendt, 2012Wendt, L.D. 2012. Estudo taxonômico dos gêneros de Richardiidae e análise filogenética de Richardiinae (Diptera: Tephritoidea). (Doctoral Thesis). Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brazil. https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/12321.
https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1... ), and the species Coilometopia trimaculata (Fabricius, 1805); Epiplatea arcuataHendel, 1911Hendel, F. 1911. Diptera. Fam. Muscaridae, Subfam. Richardiinae. Genera Insectorum, 113: 1-56.; Ozaenina diversaLopes, 1936Lopes, H.S. 1936. Sobre três espécies novas de Richardiidae do Brasil (Dipt.). Revista de Entomologia, 6(3-4): 475-480. (Rafael, 1991Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ). Among the species collected in this study (Table 2), Richardia podagrica (Fabricius, 1805) and Odontomera Macquart, 1843 are new records for Roraima. The species list follows Hendel (1911)Hendel, F. 1911. Diptera. Fam. Muscaridae, Subfam. Richardiinae. Genera Insectorum, 113: 1-56., Curran (1934Curran, C.H. 1934. The families and genera o North American Diptera. New York, American Museum Natural History. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/6825.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibl... ), Lopes (1936)Lopes, H.S. 1936. Sobre três espécies novas de Richardiidae do Brasil (Dipt.). Revista de Entomologia, 6(3-4): 475-480., Aczél (1950Aczél, M.L. 1950. Catalogo de la subfamilia americana “Richardiinae” (Dipt. Acalypt. Otitidae). Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 9: 5-47.), Steyskal (1958)Steyskal, G.C. 1958. Notes on the Richardiidae, with a review of the species known to occur in the United States (Diptera, Acalyptratae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 51: 302-310. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/51.3.302.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/... , Rafael (1991)Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... , Wendt & Ale-Rocha (2013Wendt, L.D. & Ale-Rocha, R. 2013. Geographic distribution of Epiplateinae Steyskal (Diptera: Richardiidae): New records and distribution maps. Check List , 9(5): 1091-1097. https://doi.org/10.15560/9.5.1091.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15560... , 2016Wendt, L.D. & Ale-Rocha, R. 2016. Family Richardiidae. In: Wolff, M.; Nihei, S.S. & de Carvalho, C.J.B. (Eds.). Catalogue of Diptera of Colombia. Zootaxa , 4122(1): 585-595. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.53.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ), and Ale-Rocha & Wendt (2021)Ale-Rocha, R. & Wendt, L.D. 2021. Richardiidae. In: Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD. Available: Available: http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadoBrasil/694 . Access: 25/01/2021.
http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadoBr... .

RICHARDIIDAE Loew, 1868

Subfamily EPIPLATEINAE Steyskal, 1987

Genus EPIPLATEA Loew, 1867

Epiplatea arcuataHendel, 1911Hendel, F. 1911. Diptera. Fam. Muscaridae, Subfam. Richardiinae. Genera Insectorum, 113: 1-56.. Type locality: Peru. Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Roraima), Guyana, Peru.

Subfamily RICHARDIINAE Loew, 1868

Genus COILOMETOPIA Macquart, 1847

Coilometopia trimaculata (Fabricius, 1805) = Scatophaga trimaculata Fabricius, 1805. Type locality: ‘South America’. Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Pará, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima, Rondônia), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Genus RICHARDIA Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830

Richardia podagrica (Fabricius, 1805) = Dacus podagrica Fabricius, 1805. Type locality: ‘America meridionali’. Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Roraima), Colombia, Costa Rica, Guyana, Mexico, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Genus ODONTOMERA Macquart, 1843

Odontomera sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus OZAENINA Enderlein, 1912

Ozaenina diversaLopes, 1936Lopes, H.S. 1936. Sobre três espécies novas de Richardiidae do Brasil (Dipt.). Revista de Entomologia, 6(3-4): 475-480.. Type locality: Brazil (Rio de Janeiro). Distribution: Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, Roraima).

Sciomyzidae (Fig. 4M). It is a worldwide group comprising more than 600 species in 63 genera (Marinoni & Knutson, 1992Marinoni, L. & Knutson, L.V. 1992. Revisão do gênero Neotropical Protodictya Malloch, 1933 (Diptera, Sciomyzidae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 36: 25-45.; Vala et al., 1999Vala, J.C.; Knutson, L.V. & Gasc, C. 1999. Stereoscan studies with descriptions of new characters of the egg and larval instars of Salticella fasciata (Meigen) (Diptera: Sciomyzidae). Journal of Zoology, 247(4): 531-536. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1999.tb01014.x.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/... , 2012Vala, J.C.; Murphy, W.L.; Knutson, L.V. & Rozkošný, R. 2012. A cornucopia for Sciomyzidae (Diptera). Studia Dipterologica, 19(1-2): 67-137., 2013Vala, J.C.; Murphy, W.L.; Knutson, L.V. & Rozkošný, R. 2013. Corrigenda for the publication “A cornucopia for Sciomyzidae (Diptera)”. Studia Dipterologica , 20(2): 183-188.; Marinoni et al., 2003Marinoni, L.; Steyskal, G.C. & Knutson, L.V. 2003. Revision and cladistic analysis of the Neotropical genus Thecomyia Perty (Diptera: Sciomyzidae). Zootaxa , 191: 1-36. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.191.1.1.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ; Marinoni & Knutson, 2010Marinoni, L. & Knutson, L.V. 2010. Sciomyzidae. In: Brown, B.; Borkent, A.; Cumming, J.M.; Wood, D.M. & Zumbado, M.A. (Eds.). Diptera of Central America . Ottawa, NRC-CNRC . v. 2, p. 1017-1024. https://doi.org/10.1139/9780660199580.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1139/... ; Marinoni & Murphy, 2016Marinoni, L. & Murphy, W.L. 2016. Family Sciomyzidae. In: Wolff, M.; Nihei, S.S. & de Carvalho, C.J.B. (Eds.). Catalogue of Diptera of Colombia. Zootaxa , 4122(1): 642-647. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.53.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ) and classified in three subfamilies: Phaeomyiinae, Salticellinae, and Sciomyzinae (Marinoni & Mathis, 2000Marinoni, L. & Mathis, W.N. 2000. A cladistic analysis of Sciomyzidae Fallén (Diptera). Proceedings of Biological Society of Washington, 113: 162-209.; Barker et al., 2004Barker, G.M.; Knutson, L; Vala, J.C.; Coupland, J.B. & Barnes, J.K. 2004. Overview of the biology of marsh flies (Diptera: Sciomyzidae), with special reference to predators and parasitoids of terrestrial gastropods. In: Barker, G.M. (Ed.). Natural enemies of terrestrial molluscs. Wallingford, CABI Publishing. p. 159-225.; Tóthová et al., 2013Tóthová, A.; Rozkosny, R.; Knutson, L.; Kutty, S.N.; Wiegmann, B.M. & Meier, R. 2013. A phylogenetic analysis of Sciomyzidae (Diptera) and some related genera. Cladistics, 29(4): 404-415. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12002.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/... ). The Neotropical Region has 103 species in 25 genera (Berg & Knutson, 1978Berg, C.O. & Knutson, L.V. 1978. Biology and systematics of the Sciomyzidae. Annual Review of Entomology, 23: 239-258. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.23.010178.001323.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1146/... ; Knutson, 1987Knutson, L.V. 1987. Sciomyzidae. In: McAlpine, J.F. (Ed.). Manual of Neartic Diptera. Ottawa, Biosystematics Research Centre., v. 2, p. 927-940. https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2016/aac-aafc/A54-3-28-eng.pdf.
https://publications.gc.ca/collections/c... ; Marinoni & Mathis, 2000Marinoni, L. & Mathis, W.N. 2000. A cladistic analysis of Sciomyzidae Fallén (Diptera). Proceedings of Biological Society of Washington, 113: 162-209.; Marinoni & Murphy, 2016Marinoni, L. & Murphy, W.L. 2016. Family Sciomyzidae. In: Wolff, M.; Nihei, S.S. & de Carvalho, C.J.B. (Eds.). Catalogue of Diptera of Colombia. Zootaxa , 4122(1): 642-647. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.53.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ). Of these, seven genera and 28 species have been recorded to Brazil (Marinoni, 2021Marinoni, L. 2021. Sciomyzidae. In: Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD . Available: Available: http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadoBrasil/43063 . Access: 25/01/2021.
http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadoBr... ). The diversity of sciomyzids in the state of Roraima is poorly known, with records of only two species, Thecomyia abercrombieiMarinoni & Steyskal, 2003Marinoni, L.; Steyskal, G.C. & Knutson, L.V. 2003. Revision and cladistic analysis of the Neotropical genus Thecomyia Perty (Diptera: Sciomyzidae). Zootaxa , 191: 1-36. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.191.1.1.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... and T. lateralis (Walker, 1858) (Pires & Marinoni, 2011Pires, A.C. & Marinoni, L. 2011. Distributional patterns of the Neotropical genus Thecomyia Perty (Diptera, Sciomyzidae) and phylogenetic support. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 55(1): 6-14. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262011000100002.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ). In the 2015 survey, we collected one female of T. lateralis. The following list is based on Knutson et al. (1976)Knutson, L.V.; Steyskal, G.C.; Zuska, J. & Abercrombie, J. 1976. Family Sciomyzidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.). A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. São Paulo, Departamento de Zoologia da Secretaria da Agricultura do Estado de São Paulo. p. 1-24. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/205612#page/836/mode/1up., Marinoni et al. (2003)Marinoni, L.; Steyskal, G.C. & Knutson, L.V. 2003. Revision and cladistic analysis of the Neotropical genus Thecomyia Perty (Diptera: Sciomyzidae). Zootaxa , 191: 1-36. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.191.1.1.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... , and Pires & Marinoni (2011)Pires, A.C. & Marinoni, L. 2011. Distributional patterns of the Neotropical genus Thecomyia Perty (Diptera, Sciomyzidae) and phylogenetic support. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 55(1): 6-14. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262011000100002.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... .

SCIOMYZIDAE Macquart, 1846

Subfamily SCIOMYZINAE Schiner, 1862

Genus THECOMYIA Perty, 1833

Thecomyia abercrombieiMarinoni & Steyskal, 2003Marinoni, L.; Steyskal, G.C. & Knutson, L.V. 2003. Revision and cladistic analysis of the Neotropical genus Thecomyia Perty (Diptera: Sciomyzidae). Zootaxa , 191: 1-36. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.191.1.1.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... . Type locality: Guyana. Distribution: Brazil (Roraima), Guyana, Peru.

Thecomyia lateralis (Walker, 1858) = Tetanocera lateralis Walker, 1858. Type locality: ‘Valley of the Amazon’. Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Bahia, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela.

Tephritidae (Fig. 4N). The family currently comprises 4,963 species described in approximately 500 genera (Norrbom et al., 1999Norrbom, A.L.; Carroll, L.E.; Thompson, F.C.; White, I.M.; Freidberg A. 1999. Systematic Database of Names. In: Thompson, F.C. (Ed.). Fruit Fly Expert Identification System and Systematic Information Database. Myia, 9: 65-251.; Norrbom, 2010Norrbom, A.L. 2010. Tephritidae. In: Brown, B.; Borkent, A.; Cumming, J.M.; Wood, D.M. & Zumbado, M.A. (Eds.). Diptera of Central America . Ottawa, NRC-CNRC . v. 2, p. 909-954. https://doi.org/10.1139/9780660199580.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1139/... ; Savaris et al., 2016Savaris, M.; Marinoni, L. & Norrbom, A.L. 2016. Family Tephritidae. In: Wolff, M.; Nihei, S.S. & de Carvalho, C.J.B. (Eds.). Catalogue of Diptera of Colombia. Zootaxa , 4122(1): 596-621. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.50.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ; Brown et al., 2018Brown, B.V; Borkent, A.; Adler, P.H.; Amorim, D.S.; Barber, K.; Bickel, D.; Boucher, S.; Brooks, S.E.; Burger, J.; Burington, Z.L.; Capellari, R.S.; Costa, D.N.R.; Cumming, J.M.; Curler, G.; Dick, C.W.; Epler, J.H.; Fisher, E.; Gaimari, S.D.; Gelhaus, J.; Grimaldi, D.A.; Hash, J.; Hauser, M.; Hippa, H.; Ibáñez-Bernal, S.; Jaschhof, M.; Kameneva, E.P.; Kerr, P.H.; Korneyev, V.; Korytkowski, C.A.; Kun, G.; Kvifte, G.M.; Lonsdale, O.; Marshall, S.A.; Mathis, W.; Michelsen, V.; Naglis, S.; Norrbom, A.L.; Paiero, S.; Pape, T.; Pereira-Colavite, A.; Pollet, M.; Rochefort, S.; Rung, A.; Runyon, J.B.; Savage, J.; Silva, V.C.; Sinclair, B.J.; Skevington, J.H.; Stireman, J.O.; Swann, J.; Thompson, C.F.; Vilkamaa, P.; Wheeler, T.; Whitworth, T.; Wong, M.; Wood, D.M.; Woodley, N.; Yau, T.; Zavortink, T.J. & Zumbado, M.A. 2018. Comprehensive inventory of true flies (Diptera) at a tropical site. Communications Biology, 21: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-018-0022-x.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/... ; Borkent et al., 2018Borkent, A.; Brown, B.V.; Adler, P.H.; Amorim, D.S.; Barber, K.; Bickel, D.; Boucher, S.; Brooks, S.E.; Burger, J.; Burington, Z.L.; Capellari, R.S.; Costa, D.N.R.; Cumming, J.M.; Curler, G.; Dick, C.W.; Epler, J.H.; Fisher, E.; Gaimari, S.D.; Gelhaus, J.; Grimaldi, D.A.; Hash, J.; Hauser, M.; Hippa, H.; Ibáñez-Bernal, S.; Jaschhof, M.; Kameneva, E.P.; Kerr, P.H.; Korneyev, V.; Korytkowski, C.A.; Kung, G.; Kvifte, G.M.; Lonsdale, O.; Marshall, S.A.; Mathis, W.N.; Michelsen, V.; Naglis, S.; Norrbom, A.L.; Paiero, S.; Pape, T; Pereira-Colavite, A.; Pollet, M.; Rochefort, S.; Rung, A.; Runyon, J.B.; Savage, J.; Silva, V.C.; Sinclair, B.J.; Skevington, J.H.; Stireman III, J.O.; Swann, J.; Vilkamaa, P.; Wheeler, T.; Whitworth, T.; Wong, M.; Wood, M.D.; Woodley, N.; Yau, T.; Zavortink, T.J. & Zumbado, M.A. 2018. Remarkable fly (Diptera) diversity in a patch of Costa Rican cloud forest: Why inventory is a vital science. Zootaxa , 4402: 53-90. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4402.1.3.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ; Martinez et al., 2020Martinez, F.J.; Norrbom, A.L.; Schliserman, P. & Campanella, M.V. 2020. Tephritidae flies associated with Chuquiraga avellanedae (Asteraceae). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 92(2): 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202020191524.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), allocated in six subfamilies: Tachiniscinae, Blepharoneurinae, Phytalmiinae, Trypetinae, Dacinae, and Tephritinae (Korneyev, 1999Korneyev, V.A. 1999. Phylogenenetic relationships among higher groups of Tephritidae. In: Aluja, M. & Norrbom, A.L. (Eds.). Fruit Flies (Tephritidae): Phylogeny and Evolution of Behavior. CRC Press, Boca Raton, London, New York, Washington DC, p. 73-113. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420074468.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1201/... ; Norrbom, 2010Norrbom, A.L. 2010. Tephritidae. In: Brown, B.; Borkent, A.; Cumming, J.M.; Wood, D.M. & Zumbado, M.A. (Eds.). Diptera of Central America . Ottawa, NRC-CNRC . v. 2, p. 909-954. https://doi.org/10.1139/9780660199580.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1139/... ). Also known as fruit flies, tephritids are distributed in all biogeographic regions, except in desert and polar areas, where their hosts are scarce or absent (Foote et al., 1993Foote, R.H.; Blanc, F.L. & Norrbom, A.L. 1993. Handbook of the fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) of America and North of Mexico. Ithaca, Comstock.; Thompson, 1999Thompson, F.C. 1999. Introduction. In: Thompson, F.C. (Ed.). Fruit fly expert identification system and systematic information database. Myia (1998) : 9: 1.). Adults are of small- to medium-sized (Norrbom, 2010Norrbom, A.L. 2010. Tephritidae. In: Brown, B.; Borkent, A.; Cumming, J.M.; Wood, D.M. & Zumbado, M.A. (Eds.). Diptera of Central America . Ottawa, NRC-CNRC . v. 2, p. 909-954. https://doi.org/10.1139/9780660199580.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1139/... ; Savaris et al., 2016Savaris, M.; Marinoni, L. & Norrbom, A.L. 2016. Family Tephritidae. In: Wolff, M.; Nihei, S.S. & de Carvalho, C.J.B. (Eds.). Catalogue of Diptera of Colombia. Zootaxa , 4122(1): 596-621. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.50.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ) and most species are phytophagous, except Tachiniscinae, which parasitize larvae or pupae of lepidopterans (Saturniidae), and some species of Phytalmiinae, which are saprophagous (Foote et al., 1993Foote, R.H.; Blanc, F.L. & Norrbom, A.L. 1993. Handbook of the fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) of America and North of Mexico. Ithaca, Comstock.; Norrbom, 2010Norrbom, A.L. 2010. Tephritidae. In: Brown, B.; Borkent, A.; Cumming, J.M.; Wood, D.M. & Zumbado, M.A. (Eds.). Diptera of Central America . Ottawa, NRC-CNRC . v. 2, p. 909-954. https://doi.org/10.1139/9780660199580.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1139/... ). The number of taxa described to the Neotropical region is 916 species in 71 genera (Norrbom, 2010Norrbom, A.L. 2010. Tephritidae. In: Brown, B.; Borkent, A.; Cumming, J.M.; Wood, D.M. & Zumbado, M.A. (Eds.). Diptera of Central America . Ottawa, NRC-CNRC . v. 2, p. 909-954. https://doi.org/10.1139/9780660199580.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1139/... ; Borkent et al., 2018Borkent, A.; Brown, B.V.; Adler, P.H.; Amorim, D.S.; Barber, K.; Bickel, D.; Boucher, S.; Brooks, S.E.; Burger, J.; Burington, Z.L.; Capellari, R.S.; Costa, D.N.R.; Cumming, J.M.; Curler, G.; Dick, C.W.; Epler, J.H.; Fisher, E.; Gaimari, S.D.; Gelhaus, J.; Grimaldi, D.A.; Hash, J.; Hauser, M.; Hippa, H.; Ibáñez-Bernal, S.; Jaschhof, M.; Kameneva, E.P.; Kerr, P.H.; Korneyev, V.; Korytkowski, C.A.; Kung, G.; Kvifte, G.M.; Lonsdale, O.; Marshall, S.A.; Mathis, W.N.; Michelsen, V.; Naglis, S.; Norrbom, A.L.; Paiero, S.; Pape, T; Pereira-Colavite, A.; Pollet, M.; Rochefort, S.; Rung, A.; Runyon, J.B.; Savage, J.; Silva, V.C.; Sinclair, B.J.; Skevington, J.H.; Stireman III, J.O.; Swann, J.; Vilkamaa, P.; Wheeler, T.; Whitworth, T.; Wong, M.; Wood, M.D.; Woodley, N.; Yau, T.; Zavortink, T.J. & Zumbado, M.A. 2018. Remarkable fly (Diptera) diversity in a patch of Costa Rican cloud forest: Why inventory is a vital science. Zootaxa , 4402: 53-90. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4402.1.3.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ). There are records of 50 genera and 302 species to Brazil (Norrbom et al., 1999Norrbom, A.L.; Carroll, L.E.; Thompson, F.C.; White, I.M.; Freidberg A. 1999. Systematic Database of Names. In: Thompson, F.C. (Ed.). Fruit Fly Expert Identification System and Systematic Information Database. Myia, 9: 65-251.; Savaris et al., 2019Savaris, M.; Norrbom, A.L.; Marinoni, L. & Lampert, S. 2019. Revision of the genus Euarestoides Benjamin (Diptera: Tephritidae). Zootaxa , 4551(3): 299-329. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4551.3.3.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ; Uchoa, 2021Uchoa, M.A. 2021. Tephritidae. In: Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD . Available: Available: http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadoBrasil/753 . Access: 25/06/2021.
http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadoBr... ; Savaris et al., in pressSavaris, M.; Norrbom, A.L.; Marinoni, L. & Lampert, S. in press. Revision of the genus Plaumannimyia Hering (Diptera: Tephritidae). Zootaxa .). Thus, the fauna of Roraima is relatively well known, with records of 29 species of fruit flies, belonging to the genera Anastrepha Schiner, 1868, Bactrocera Macquart, 1835, Ceratitis MecLeay, 1829, Cecidochares Bezzi, 1910, and Tetreuaresta Hendel, 1928 (Rafael, 1991Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Norrbom et al., 1999Norrbom, A.L.; Carroll, L.E.; Thompson, F.C.; White, I.M.; Freidberg A. 1999. Systematic Database of Names. In: Thompson, F.C. (Ed.). Fruit Fly Expert Identification System and Systematic Information Database. Myia, 9: 65-251.; Zucchi & Moraes, 2021Zucchi, R.A. & Moraes, R.C.B. 2021. Fruit flies in Brazil - Anastrepha species their host plants and parasitoids. Available: http://www.lea.esalq.usp.br/anastrepha. Access: 10/06/2021.
http://www.lea.esalq.usp.br/anastrepha. ... ; Brasil, 2013Brasil, 2013. Instrução Normativa № 59, de 18 de dezembro de 2013. Ementa: exclui da lista de pragas quaternárias ausentes... Diário Oficial da República Federativa do Brasil, Brasília, DF, 19/12/2013, Seção 1, 91-92. https://www.defesa.agricultura.sp.gov.br/legislacoes/instrucao-normativa-mapa-59-de-18-12-2013,984.html.
https://www.defesa.agricultura.sp.gov.br... ; Marsaro-Jr. et al., 2017Marsaro-Jr., A.L.; Adaime, R.; Ronchi-Teles, B.; Souza-Filho, M.F.; Pereira, P.R.V.S.; Moraes, E.G.F.; Silva-Jr., R.J. & Silva, E.S. 2017. Anastrepha species (Diptera: Tephritidae), their host plants and parasitoids (Hymenoptera) in the State of Roraima, Brazil: state of the art. Biotemas, 30(1): 13-23. https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2017v30n1p13.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5007/... ). In the 2015 survey, we collected six species of Anastrepha, of which A. pickeli Lima, 1934 is a new record for Roraima (Table 2). The list of species follows Rafael (1991)Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... , Norrbom et al. (1999)Norrbom, A.L.; Carroll, L.E.; Thompson, F.C.; White, I.M.; Freidberg A. 1999. Systematic Database of Names. In: Thompson, F.C. (Ed.). Fruit Fly Expert Identification System and Systematic Information Database. Myia, 9: 65-251., Silva et al. (2004Silva, R.A.; Jordão, A.L.; Sá, L.A.N. & Oliveira, M.R.V. 2004. Mosca-da-carambola: uma ameaça à fruticultura Brasileira. Macapá, Embrapa Amapá.), Zucchi & Moraes (2021)Zucchi, R.A. & Moraes, R.C.B. 2021. Fruit flies in Brazil - Anastrepha species their host plants and parasitoids. Available: http://www.lea.esalq.usp.br/anastrepha. Access: 10/06/2021.
http://www.lea.esalq.usp.br/anastrepha. ... , Norrbom & Korytkowski (2009)Norrbom, A.L. & Korytkowski, C.A. 2009. A revision of the Anastrepha robusta species group (Diptera: Tephritidae). Zootaxa , 2182: 1-91. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2182.1.1.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... , Godoy et al. (2011Godoy, M.J.S.; Pacheco, W.S.P. & Malavasi, A. 2011. Moscas-das-frutas quarentenárias para o Brasil. p. 111-132. In: Silva; R.A.; Lemos, W.P. & Zucchi, A. (Eds.). Moscas-das-frutas na Amazônia Brasileira: diversidade, hospedeiros e inimigos naturais. Macapá, Embrapa Amapá. p. 111-132.), Brasil (2013), Savaris et al. (2016)Savaris, M.; Marinoni, L. & Norrbom, A.L. 2016. Family Tephritidae. In: Wolff, M.; Nihei, S.S. & de Carvalho, C.J.B. (Eds.). Catalogue of Diptera of Colombia. Zootaxa , 4122(1): 596-621. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.50.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... , and Marsaro-Jr. et al. (2017)Marsaro-Jr., A.L.; Adaime, R.; Ronchi-Teles, B.; Souza-Filho, M.F.; Pereira, P.R.V.S.; Moraes, E.G.F.; Silva-Jr., R.J. & Silva, E.S. 2017. Anastrepha species (Diptera: Tephritidae), their host plants and parasitoids (Hymenoptera) in the State of Roraima, Brazil: state of the art. Biotemas, 30(1): 13-23. https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2017v30n1p13.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5007/... .

TEPHRITIDAE Newman, 1834

Subfamily DACINAE Loew, 1862

Genus CERATITIS MacLeay, 1829

Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) = Tephritis capitata Wiedemann, 1824. Type locality: ‘East India, mare indico’. Distribution: widespread in tropical and subtropical regions; Brazil (Acre, Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Distrito Federal, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Paraná, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Tocantins).

Comments: This species was introduced to Madagascar, Mauritius, Réunion, North Africa, Seychelles, southern Europe, Middle East, Neotropics, western Australia, and Hawaii.

Genus BACTROCERA Macquart, 1835

Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock, 1994. Type locality: Malaysia (Perak, Kuala Kangsar). Distribution: Brazil (Amapá, Roraima), French Guiana, Guyana, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Suriname, Thailand.

Comments: This species was introduced to French Guiana, Guyana, and Suriname. In Brazil, this species was recorded in the extreme north of the country (state of Amapá, Oiapoque). In 1996, the Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA) started an eradication program, using the male annihilation technique (Silva et al., 2004Silva, R.A.; Jordão, A.L.; Sá, L.A.N. & Oliveira, M.R.V. 2004. Mosca-da-carambola: uma ameaça à fruticultura Brasileira. Macapá, Embrapa Amapá.). Despite the actions, this fly continues to occur in Amapá and Roraima (Norrbom et al., 1999Norrbom, A.L.; Carroll, L.E.; Thompson, F.C.; White, I.M.; Freidberg A. 1999. Systematic Database of Names. In: Thompson, F.C. (Ed.). Fruit Fly Expert Identification System and Systematic Information Database. Myia, 9: 65-251.; Godoy et al., 2011Godoy, M.J.S.; Pacheco, W.S.P. & Malavasi, A. 2011. Moscas-das-frutas quarentenárias para o Brasil. p. 111-132. In: Silva; R.A.; Lemos, W.P. & Zucchi, A. (Eds.). Moscas-das-frutas na Amazônia Brasileira: diversidade, hospedeiros e inimigos naturais. Macapá, Embrapa Amapá. p. 111-132.; Brasil, 2013Brasil, 2013. Instrução Normativa № 59, de 18 de dezembro de 2013. Ementa: exclui da lista de pragas quaternárias ausentes... Diário Oficial da República Federativa do Brasil, Brasília, DF, 19/12/2013, Seção 1, 91-92. https://www.defesa.agricultura.sp.gov.br/legislacoes/instrucao-normativa-mapa-59-de-18-12-2013,984.html.
https://www.defesa.agricultura.sp.gov.br... ; Malavasi, 2015Malavasi, A. 2015. Mosca-da-carambola, Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock. In: Vilela, E.F. & Zucchi, R.A. (Eds.). Pragas introduzidas no Brasil, insetos e ácaros. São Paulo, FEALQ. p. 173-184.).

Subfamily TRYPETINAE Loew, 1862

Genus ANASTREPHA Schiner, 1868

Anastrepha amita Zucchi, 1979. Type locality: Brazil (Bahia, Cruz das Almas). Distribution: Brazil (Amapá, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Tocantins), Trinidad and Tobago.

Anastrepha antunesi Lima, 1938. Type locality: Brazil (Bahia, Piraja). Distribution: Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Pará, Paraíba, Roraima), Colombia, Guatemala, Panama, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Anastrepha atrigona Hendel, 1914. Type locality: Suriname. Distribution: Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima), Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela.

Anastrepha bahiensis Lima, 1937. Type locality: Brazil (Bahia). Distribution: Belize, Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Minas Gerais, Pará, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Anastrepha coronilli Carrejo & González, 1993. Type locality: Colombia (Valle del Cauca, Anchicaya, Buenaventura). Distribution: Brazil (Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Rondônia, Roraima, Tocantins), Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, Suriname.

Anastrepha distincta Greene, 1934. Type locality: Peru (Lambayeque, Chiclaya, Hacienda Ouefe). Distribution: Brazil (Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Tocantins), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, United States.

Anastrepha ethalea (Walker, 1849) = Trypeta ethalea Walker, 1849. Type locality: Brazil (Pará). Distribution: Brazil (Maranhão, Pará, Piauí, Roraima), Guyana, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago.

Anastrepha flavipennis Greene, 1934. Type locality: Brazil (Pará, Boa Vista, Rio Tapajós). Distribution: Argentina, Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Maranhão, Minas Gerais, Pará, Piauí, Roraima), Colombia, Panama, Venezuela.

Anastrepha fractura Stone, 1942. Type locality: Guyana (Kutari Sources). Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Roraima), Guyana.

Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1830) = Dacus fraterculus Wiedemann, 1830. Type locality: Brazil (São Paulo). Distribution: Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil (Acre, Alagoas, Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Paraná, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Sergipe, Tocantins), Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, United States, Uruguay, Venezuela.

Anastrepha hamata (Loew, 1873) = Trypeta hamata Loew, 1873. Type locality: Brazil. Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Roraima), Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, Peru.

Anastrepha leptozona Hendel, 1914. Type locality: Bolivia. Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Piauí, Rio de Janeiro, Rondônia, Roraima, São Paulo, Tocantins), Colombia, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Trinidad and Tobago.

Anastrepha longicauda Lima, 1934. Type locality: Brazil (Amazonas, Rio Negro, São Gabriel). Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Roraima).

Anastrepha manihoti Lima, 1934. Type locality: Brazil (Minas Gerais, Viçosa). Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Minas Gerais, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, Venezuela.

Anastrepha montei Lima, 1934. Type locality: Brazil (Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro). Distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Bahia, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Tocantins), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Venezuela.

Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart, 1835) = Tephritis obliqua Macquart, 1835. Type locality: Cuba. Distribution: Antilles, Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil (Acre, Alagoas, Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Paraná, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Tocantins), Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Suriname, Venezuela.

Anastrepha parishi Stone, 1942. Type locality: Guyana (Bartica). Distribution: Brazil (Amapá, Roraima), Colombia, Costa Rica, Guyana, Venezuela.

Anastrepha pickeli Lima, 1934. Type locality: Brazil (Pernambuco and Rio de Janeiro). Distribution: Argentina, Brazil (Alagoas, Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Roraima, São Paulo, Santa Catarina, Sergipe, Tocantins), Colombia, Costa Rica, Guyana, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Anastrepha rafaeliNorrbom & Korytkowski, 2009Norrbom, A.L. & Korytkowski, C.A. 2009. A revision of the Anastrepha robusta species group (Diptera: Tephritidae). Zootaxa , 2182: 1-91. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2182.1.1.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... . Type locality: Brazil (Roraima, Rio Uraricoera, Ilha de Maracá). Distribution: Brazil (Amapá, Roraima, Tocantins), Peru, Venezuela.

Anastrepha serpentina (Wiedemann, 1830) = Dacus serpentinus Wiedemann, 1830. Type locality: Brazil. Distribution: Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Paraná, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio de Janeiro, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, United States, Venezuela.

Anastrepha sororcula Zucchi, 1979. Type locality: Brazil (São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto). Distribution: Brazil (Alagoas, Amapá, Bahia, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Paraná, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Tocantins), Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay.

Anastrepha striata Schiner, 1868. Type locality: South America (Venezuela). Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Pará, Piauí, Rondônia, Roraima, São Paulo, Tocantins), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Suriname, Venezuela.

Anastrepha turpiniae Stone, 1942. Type locality: Panama (Canal Zone, Barro Colorado). Distribution: Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, São Paulo, Tocantins), Panama.

Anastrepha zenildae Zucchi, 1979. Type locality: Brazil (Ceará, Pacajus). Distribution: Argentina, Brazil (Amapá, Bahia, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Roraima, São Paulo, Tocantins).

Anastrepha zernyi Lima, 1934. Type locality: Brazil. Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Roraima, São Paulo).

Anastrepha zucchii Norrbom, 1998. Type locality: Brazil (Roraima, Rio Uraricoera, Ilha de Maracá). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima).

Subfamily TEPHRITINAE Newman, 1834

Genus CECIDOCHARES Bezzi, 1910

Cecidochares fluminensis (Lima, 1934) = Procecidochares fluminensis Lima, 1934. Type locality: Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, Angra dos Reis). Distribution: Brazil (Amapá, Roraima, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo), Costa Rica, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Genus TETREUARESTA Hendel, 1928

Tetreuaresta bartica Bates, 1933. Type locality: Guyana (Bartica). Distribution: Brazil (Bahia, Pará, Roraima), French Guiana, Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Ulidiidae (Fig. 4O). Popularly known as pictured-wing flies, the adults are medium-sized, with a moderately elongate body, and the larvae of most species are saprophagous (Kameneva & Korneyev, 2010Kameneva, E.P. & Korneyev, V.A. 2010. Ulidiidae. In: Brown, B.; Borkent, A.; Cumming, J.M.; Wood, D.M. & Zumbado, M.A. (Eds.). Diptera of Central America . Ottawa, NRC-CNRC ., v. 2: 883-904. https://doi.org/10.1139/9780660199580.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1139/... ). The family is divided into two subfamilies Ulidiinae and Otitinae, and it comprises 875 species occurring mainly in the New World (Kameneva & Korneyev, 2010Kameneva, E.P. & Korneyev, V.A. 2010. Ulidiidae. In: Brown, B.; Borkent, A.; Cumming, J.M.; Wood, D.M. & Zumbado, M.A. (Eds.). Diptera of Central America . Ottawa, NRC-CNRC ., v. 2: 883-904. https://doi.org/10.1139/9780660199580.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1139/... ; Kameneva et al., 2017Kameneva, E.P.; Korneyev, V.A. & Ramos-Pastrana, Y. 2017. A new genus, new species and new records of Ulidiidae (Diptera, Tephritoidea) from Colombia. Vestnik Zoologii , 51(2): 125-136. https://doi.org/10.1515/vzoo-2017-0018.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1515/... ; Soares et al., 2018Soares, M.M.M.; Santiago A.S. & Ale-Rocha R. 2018. New records of Xanthacrona Wulp, 1899 (Diptera, Ulidiidae) from Brazil. Check List, 14(5): 771-778. https://doi.org/10.15560/14.5.771.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15560... ). Brazilian ulidiids are classified into 29 genera and 58 species (Vieira, 2021Vieira, R.M. 2021. Ulidiidae. In: Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD . Available: Available: http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/931 . Access: 27/06/2021.
http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobr... ). In Roraima, there are records of Acrosticta sp., Axiologina ferrumequinumHendel, 1909Hendel, F. 1909. Übersicht der bisher bekannten Arten der Pterocalliden (Dipt.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1909: 1-84., Bothrometopa determinata (Walker, 1858), Euxesta sp., Dasymetopa sp., Notogramma cimiciformis Loew, 1868, Plagiocephalus latifrons (Hendel, 1909Hendel, F. 1909. Übersicht der bisher bekannten Arten der Pterocalliden (Dipt.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1909: 1-84.), Pseudopterocalla obscura (Wiedemann, 1830), Pterocalla ocellata (Fabricius, 1805), Pterocalla scutellata (Schiner, 1868), Xanthacrona bipustulata Wulp, 1899, and Xanthacrona phyllochaetaHendel, 1909Hendel, F. 1909. Übersicht der bisher bekannten Arten der Pterocalliden (Dipt.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1909: 1-84. (Rafael, 1991Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Soares et al., 2018Soares, M.M.M.; Santiago A.S. & Ale-Rocha R. 2018. New records of Xanthacrona Wulp, 1899 (Diptera, Ulidiidae) from Brazil. Check List, 14(5): 771-778. https://doi.org/10.15560/14.5.771.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15560... ; Vasconcelos et al., 2018Vasconcelos, A.C.; Wendt, L.D. & de Carvalho, C.J.B. 2018. Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical stalk-eyed fly Plagiocephalus Wiedemann (Diptera, Ulidiidae, Ulidiinae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 63(2019): 80-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2018.12.002.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/... ). In the 2015 survey, we collected 14 species of ulidiids (Table 2), of which Pagagorgopis euryale Kameneva, 2004, Rhyparella decempunctataHendel, 1909Hendel, F. 1909. Übersicht der bisher bekannten Arten der Pterocalliden (Dipt.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1909: 1-84., and Xanthacrona tuberosa Cresson, 1908 are firstly recorded in Roraima. The list of species follows Hendel (1909)Hendel, F. 1909. Übersicht der bisher bekannten Arten der Pterocalliden (Dipt.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1909: 1-84., Steyskal (1968dSteyskal, G.C. 1968d. Family Otitidae (Ortalidae; including Pterocallidae, Ulidiidae). In: Papavero, N. (Ed.). A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. São Paulo, Departamento de Zoologia da Secretaria da Agricultura do Estado de São Paulo , p. 1-31. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/49070535.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page... , 1973Steyskal, G.C. 1973. The Genus Axiologina Hendel (Diptera: Otitidae). The Florida Entomologist, 56(2): 132-134. https://doi.org/10.2307/3493239.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/... ), Rafael (1991)Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... , Kameneva (2004aKameneva, E.P. 2004a. New records of picture-winged flies (Diptera: Ulidiidae) of Central America. Studia Dipterologica, 10: 609-652, 2003., bKameneva, E.P. 2004b. A new species of the genus Plagiocephalus (Diptera, Ulidiidae) from Central America. Vestnik Zoologii, 38(4): 15-22. http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/3347.
http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/1234567... ), Kameneva et al. (2017)Kameneva, E.P.; Korneyev, V.A. & Ramos-Pastrana, Y. 2017. A new genus, new species and new records of Ulidiidae (Diptera, Tephritoidea) from Colombia. Vestnik Zoologii , 51(2): 125-136. https://doi.org/10.1515/vzoo-2017-0018.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1515/... , Soares et al. (2018)Soares, M.M.M.; Santiago A.S. & Ale-Rocha R. 2018. New records of Xanthacrona Wulp, 1899 (Diptera, Ulidiidae) from Brazil. Check List, 14(5): 771-778. https://doi.org/10.15560/14.5.771.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15560... , Soares et al. (2020)Soares, N.S.; Paranhos B.A.G.; Ribeiro J.G.G.; Lampert, S. & Savaris, M. 2020. Primeiro registro de Xanthacrona bipustulata Wulp, 1899 (Diptera, Ulidiidae) para o estado de Pernambuco. In: Congresso Brasileiro de Zoologia, 33º. Resumos. Águas de Lindóia, São Paulo, Sociedade Brasileira de Zoologia.p. 364., Vasconcelos et al. (2018)Vasconcelos, A.C.; Wendt, L.D. & de Carvalho, C.J.B. 2018. Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical stalk-eyed fly Plagiocephalus Wiedemann (Diptera, Ulidiidae, Ulidiinae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 63(2019): 80-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2018.12.002.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/... , and Vieira (2021)Vieira, R.M. 2021. Ulidiidae. In: Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD . Available: Available: http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/931 . Access: 27/06/2021.
http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobr... .

ULIDIIDAE Macquart, 1835

Subfamily ULIDIINAE Macquart, 1835

Genus ACROSTICTA Loew, 1868

Acrosticta sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Acrosticta sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Acrosticta sp. 3, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Acrosticta sp. 4, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus AXIOLOGINA Hendel, 1909Hendel, F. 1909. Übersicht der bisher bekannten Arten der Pterocalliden (Dipt.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1909: 1-84.

Axiologina ferrumequinumHendel, 1909Hendel, F. 1909. Übersicht der bisher bekannten Arten der Pterocalliden (Dipt.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1909: 1-84.. Type locality: Peru (Meshagua). Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Roraima), Costa Rica, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Peru.

Genus BOTHROMETOPA Hendel, 1909Hendel, F. 1909. Übersicht der bisher bekannten Arten der Pterocalliden (Dipt.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1909: 1-84.

Bothrometopa determinata (Walker, 1858) = Herina determinata Walker, 1858. Type locality: ‘Amazon’. Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima, Tocantins), Peru.

Genus EUXESTA Loew, 1868

Euxesta sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Euxesta sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Euxesta sp. 3, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus NOTOGRAMMA Loew, 1868

Notogramma cimiciformis Loew, 1868. Type locality: Cuba. Distribution: Brazil (Roraima), Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, Guyana, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Peru, United States, Venezuela.

Genus PARAGORGOPIS Giglio-Tos, 1893

Paragorgopis euryaleKameneva, 2004aKameneva, E.P. 2004a. New records of picture-winged flies (Diptera: Ulidiidae) of Central America. Studia Dipterologica, 10: 609-652, 2003.. Type locality: Costa Rica (Limon, Cerro Cocori). Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Roraima), Colombia, Costa Rica, Panama, Peru.

Genus PLAGIOCEPHALUS Wiedemann, 1830

= TerpnomyiaHendel, 1909Hendel, F. 1909. Übersicht der bisher bekannten Arten der Pterocalliden (Dipt.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1909: 1-84..

Plagiocephalus latifrons (Hendel, 1909Hendel, F. 1909. Übersicht der bisher bekannten Arten der Pterocalliden (Dipt.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1909: 1-84.) = Terpnomyia latifronsHendel, 1909Hendel, F. 1909. Übersicht der bisher bekannten Arten der Pterocalliden (Dipt.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1909: 1-84.. Type locality: Bolivia (Mapiri) and Peru (Urubambaflufs). Distribution: Belize, Bolivia, Brazil (Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Espírito Santo, Maranhão, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Genus PSEUDOPTEROCALLA Hendel, 1909Hendel, F. 1909. Übersicht der bisher bekannten Arten der Pterocalliden (Dipt.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1909: 1-84.

Pseudopterocalla obscura (Wiedemann, 1830) = Trypeta obscura Wiedemann, 1830. Type locality: ‘Brazil’ Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Roraima), Costa Rica, Guyana, Peru.

Pseudopterocalla scutellata (Schiner, 1868) = Pterocalla scutellata Schiner, 1868. Type locality: ‘South America’. Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Roraima), Costa Rica, Panama, Peru.

Genus PTEROCALLA Rondani, 1848

Pterocalla ocellata (Fabricius, 1805) = Dictya ocellata Fabricius, 1805. Type locality: ‘South America’. Distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Roraima), Colombia, Costa Rica, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Peru.

Genus RHYPARELLA Hendel, 1909Hendel, F. 1909. Übersicht der bisher bekannten Arten der Pterocalliden (Dipt.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1909: 1-84.

Rhyparella decempunctataHendel, 1909Hendel, F. 1909. Übersicht der bisher bekannten Arten der Pterocalliden (Dipt.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1909: 1-84.. Type locality: Bolivia (Mapiri). Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Rio de Janeiro).

Genus XANTHACRONA Wulp, 1899

Xanthacrona bipustulata Wulp, 1899. Type locality: Mexico (Mazatlán). Distribution: Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Espírito Santo, Maranhão, Mato Grosso do Sul, Pará, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, São Paulo), Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, United States.

Xanthacrona phyllochaetaHendel 1909Hendel, F. 1909. Übersicht der bisher bekannten Arten der Pterocalliden (Dipt.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1909: 1-84.. Type locality: Paraguay. Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Maranhão, Para, Roraima), Colombia, Paraguay, Peru.

Xanthacrona tuberosa Cresson, 1908. Suriname (Paramaribo). Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Colombia, Costa Rica, French Guiana, Mexico, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago.

Anthomyiidae (Fig. 4P). This is a family of Calyptratae flies with about 2,000 species in 40 genera distributed worldwide (Michelsen, 2010Michelsen, V. 2010. Anthomyiidae. In: Brown, B.; Borkent, A.; Cumming, J.M.; Wood, D.M. & Zumbado, M.A. (Eds.). Diptera of Central America . Ottawa, NRC-CNRC , v. 2, p. 1271-1276. https://doi.org/10.1139/9780660199580.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1139/... ). There are 108 neotropical species in 19 genera (Pont, 1972Pont, A.C. 1972. Family Muscidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.). A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. São Paulo, Departamento de Zoologia da Secretaria da Agricultura do Estado de São Paulo. 111p., 1974Pont, A.C. 1974. Family Anthomyiidae In: Papavero, N. (Ed.). A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. São Paulo, Departamento de Zoologia da Secretaria da Agricultura do Estado de São Paulo . 21p. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/49070535.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page... ). Anthomyiidae is found in all biogeographical regions, although mainly distributed in areas with temperate and arctic climates (Michelsen, 1991Michelsen, V. 1991. Revision of the aberrant New World genus Coenosopsia (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), with a discussion of anthomyiid relationships. Systematic Entomology, 16: 85-104. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1991.tb00574.x.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/... ). Most genera are scarce or absent in the warm lowlands forest of the Americas (Michelsen, 1996Michelsen, V. 1996. First reliable record of a fossil species of Anthomyiidae (Diptera), with comments on the definition of recent and fossil clades in phylogenetic classification. Biology Journal of the Linnean Society, 58(4): 441-451. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1996.tb01445.x.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/... ). Remarkably, the closely related genera Coenosopsia Malloch, 1924 and Phaonantho Albuquerque, 1957 have an exceptional distribution in tropical areas of Central and South America (Michelsen, 1996Michelsen, V. 1996. First reliable record of a fossil species of Anthomyiidae (Diptera), with comments on the definition of recent and fossil clades in phylogenetic classification. Biology Journal of the Linnean Society, 58(4): 441-451. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1996.tb01445.x.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/... ; Gomes et al., 2021Gomes, L.R.P.; Souza, D.S. & de Carvalho, C.J.B. 2021. First insights into the evolution of neotropical anthomyiid flies (Diptera: Anthomyiidae). Systematics and Biodiversity, 19: 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2021.1914765.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/... ). Most adults are anthophilous, whereas larvae are highly varied in their feeding habits, including some phytophagous species which are agricultural pests (Michelsen, 2010Michelsen, V. 2010. Anthomyiidae. In: Brown, B.; Borkent, A.; Cumming, J.M.; Wood, D.M. & Zumbado, M.A. (Eds.). Diptera of Central America . Ottawa, NRC-CNRC , v. 2, p. 1271-1276. https://doi.org/10.1139/9780660199580.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1139/... ; Savage et al., 2016Savage, J.; Fortier, A.; Fournier, F. & Bellavance, V. 2016. Identification of Delia pest species (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) in cultivated crucifers and over other vegetable crops in Canada. Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification, 29: 1-40. https://doi.org/10.3752/cjai.2016.29.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3752/... ). The main diagnostic characters occur in the male genitalia and tend to be inaccessible without dissection (Michelsen, 2010Michelsen, V. 2010. Anthomyiidae. In: Brown, B.; Borkent, A.; Cumming, J.M.; Wood, D.M. & Zumbado, M.A. (Eds.). Diptera of Central America . Ottawa, NRC-CNRC , v. 2, p. 1271-1276. https://doi.org/10.1139/9780660199580.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1139/... ). For identification keys to Neotropical Anthomyiidae, see Michelsen (2010)Michelsen, V. 2010. Anthomyiidae. In: Brown, B.; Borkent, A.; Cumming, J.M.; Wood, D.M. & Zumbado, M.A. (Eds.). Diptera of Central America . Ottawa, NRC-CNRC , v. 2, p. 1271-1276. https://doi.org/10.1139/9780660199580.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1139/... and Gomes et al. (2019)Gomes, L.R.P.; Fogaça, J.M.; Bortolanza, M. & Pereira, A.C. 2019. New records of the Brazilian Anthomyiidae (Diptera) and a checklist of species from Palmas Grasslands Wildlife Refuge. Check List, 15: 93-103. https://doi.org/10.15560/15.1.93.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15560... . In the present survey, two species of two different genera were collected (Table 2). This represents the first record of anthomyiids in Roraima. Distribution data came from the following references: Couri (1979Couri, M.S. 1979. Sôbre o gênero Phaonantho Albuquerque, 1957 com descrição de uma espécie nova e notas sinonímicas (Diptera, Anthomyiidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 39: 525-528.) and Nihei & de Carvalho (2004Nihei, S.S. & de Carvalho, C.J.B. 2004. Taxonomy, cladistics and biogeography of Coenosopsia Malloch (Diptera, Anthomyiidae) and its significance to the evolution of anthomyiids in the Neotropics. Systematic Entomology , 29(2): 260-275. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0307-6970.2004.00247.x.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/... ).

ANTHOMYIIDAE Meade, 1875

Genus COENOSOPSIA Malloch, 1924

Coenosopsia michelseniNihei & Carvalho, 2004Nihei, S.S. & de Carvalho, C.J.B. 2004. Taxonomy, cladistics and biogeography of Coenosopsia Malloch (Diptera, Anthomyiidae) and its significance to the evolution of anthomyiids in the Neotropics. Systematic Entomology , 29(2): 260-275. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0307-6970.2004.00247.x.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/... . Type locality: Brazil (Distrito Federal, Brasília). Distribution: Brazil (Distrito Federal, Pará, Roraima).

Genus PHAONANTHO Albuquerque, 1957

Phaonantho benevolaCouri, 1979Couri, M.S. 1979. Sôbre o gênero Phaonantho Albuquerque, 1957 com descrição de uma espécie nova e notas sinonímicas (Diptera, Anthomyiidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 39: 525-528.. Type locality: Brazil (Mato Grosso, Sinop). Distribution: Brazil (Mato Grosso, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima), Peru.

Calliphoridae (Fig. 4Q). The calliphorids are commonly known as blowflies and they comprise a para/polyphyletic group of lineages of calyptrate flies included in the superfamily Oestroidea. The phylogenetic relationships among them are not yet fully understood (Rognes, 1997Rognes, K. 1997. The Calliphoridae (blowflies) (Diptera. Oestroidea) are not a monophyletic group. Cladistics, 13: 27-66. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.1997.tb00240.x.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/... ; Cerretti et al., 2017Cerretti, P.; Stireman III, J.O.; Pape, T.; O’Hara, J.E.; Marinho, M.A.T.; Rognes, K. & Grimaldi, D.A. 2017. First fossil of an oestroid fly (Diptera: Calyptratae: Oestroidea) and the dating of oestroid divergences. PLoS ONE, 12(8): e0182101. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0182101.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/... ; Kutty et al., 2010Kutty, S.N.; Pape, T.; Wiegmann, B.M. & Meier, R. 2010. Molecular phylogeny of the Calyptratae (Diptera: Cyclorrhapha) with an emphasis on the superfamily Oestroidea and the position of Mystacinobiidae and McAlpine’s fly. Systematic Entomology, 35(4): 614-635. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00536.x.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/... , 2019Kutty, S.N.; Meusemann, K.; Bayless, K.M.; Marinho, M.A.T.; Pont, A.C.; Zhou, X.; Misof, B.; Wiegmann, B.M.; Yeates, D.; Cerretti, P.; Meier, R. & Pape, T. 2019. Phylogenomic analysis of Calyptratae: resolving the phylogenetic relationships within a major radiation of Diptera. Cladistics , 35(6): 605-622. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12375.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/... ) and, depending on the adopted classification scheme, up to eleven lineages with subfamily status can be recognized: Ameniinae, Aphyssurinae, Auchmeromyiinae, Bengaliinae, Calliphorinae, Chrysomyinae, Helicoboscinae, Luciliinae, Melanomyinae, Phumosiinae, and Toxotarsinae. The subfamilies Mesembrinellinae, Polleniinae, and Rhiniinae, historically included in the Calliphoridae, are currently generally treated with family status, namely Mesembrinellidae (Guimarães, 1977Guimarães, J.H. 1977. A Systematic Revision of the Mesembrinellidae, stat. nov. (Diptera, Cyclorrhapha). Arquivos de Zoologia , 29(1): 1-109. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2176-7793.v29i1p1-109.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11606... ; Marinho et al., 2017Marinho, M.A.T.; Wolff, M.; Ramos-Pastrana, Y.; Azeredo-Espin, A.M.L. & Amorim, D.S. 2017. The first phylogenetic study of Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea) based on molecular data: clades and congruence with morphological characters. Cladistics , 33(2): 134-152. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12157.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/... ; Whitworth & Yusseff-Vanegas, 2019Whitworth, T.L. & Yusseff-Vanegas, S. 2019. A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa , 4659: 1-146. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ), Polleniidae (Cerretti et al., 2019Cerretti, P.; Stireman III, J.O.; Badano, D.; Gisondi, S.; Rognes, K.; Giudice, G.L. & Pape, T. 2019. Reclustering the cluster flies (Diptera: Oestroidea, Polleniidae). Systematic Entomology, 44(4): 957-972. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12369.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/... ), and Rhiniidae (Kutty et al., 2010Kutty, S.N.; Pape, T.; Wiegmann, B.M. & Meier, R. 2010. Molecular phylogeny of the Calyptratae (Diptera: Cyclorrhapha) with an emphasis on the superfamily Oestroidea and the position of Mystacinobiidae and McAlpine’s fly. Systematic Entomology, 35(4): 614-635. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00536.x.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/... ). The calliphorids have a worldwide distribution, occurring in all continents and biogeographical regions, except in Antarctica. The world fauna is currently estimated in circa 1,500 species (Pape et al., 2011Pape, T.; Blagoderov, V. & Mostovski, M.B. 2011. Order DIPTERA Linnaeus, 1758. In: Zhang, Z-Q. (Ed.). Animal biodivesity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa , 3148: 222-229. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.42.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ). However, this number includes species comprised in the lineages currently treated as distinct Oestroidea families, such as Mesembrinellidae (53 species - Marinho et al., 2017Marinho, M.A.T.; Wolff, M.; Ramos-Pastrana, Y.; Azeredo-Espin, A.M.L. & Amorim, D.S. 2017. The first phylogenetic study of Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea) based on molecular data: clades and congruence with morphological characters. Cladistics , 33(2): 134-152. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12157.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/... ; Whitworth & Yousseff-Vanegas, 2019Whitworth, T.L. & Yusseff-Vanegas, S. 2019. A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa , 4659: 1-146. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ) and Polleniidae (145 species - Cerretti et al., 2019Cerretti, P.; Stireman III, J.O.; Badano, D.; Gisondi, S.; Rognes, K.; Giudice, G.L. & Pape, T. 2019. Reclustering the cluster flies (Diptera: Oestroidea, Polleniidae). Systematic Entomology, 44(4): 957-972. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12369.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/... ). Sixty-six species are known to occur in the Neotropical region (Kosmann et al., 2013Kosmann, C.; Mello, R.P.; Harterreiten-Souza, E.S. & Pujol-Luz, J.R. 2013. A list of current valid blowflies names (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in the Americas South of Mexico with key to the Brazilian species. EntomoBrasilis, 6: pp. 74-85. https://doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v6i1.266.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.12741... ), 29 of them with records in the Brazilian territory (Barbosa, 2021aBarbosa, L. 2021a. Calliphoridae. In: Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD. Available: http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadoBrasil/732. Access: 20/01/2021.
Available: http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/faun... ). The Brazilian fauna of blowflies includes species from the subfamilies Calliphorinae, Chrysomyinae, Luciliinae, and Toxotarsinae. The calliphorid fauna of Ilha de Maracá had been previously assessed by de Carvalho & Couri (1992), with nine species distributed in six genera reported for this locality; no new records were found in this study. The following list is based on Kosmann et al. (2013)Kosmann, C.; Mello, R.P.; Harterreiten-Souza, E.S. & Pujol-Luz, J.R. 2013. A list of current valid blowflies names (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in the Americas South of Mexico with key to the Brazilian species. EntomoBrasilis, 6: pp. 74-85. https://doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v6i1.266.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.12741... and Whitworth (2014)Whitworth, T.L. 2014. A revision of the neotropical species of Lucilia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Zootaxa , 3810: 1-76. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3810.1.1.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... and it counts with a detailed distributional pattern for the Neotropical region.

CALLIPHORIDAE Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889

Subfamily CHRYSOMYINAE Shannon, 1923

Genus CHLOROPROCTA Wulp, 1896

= Parapyrellia Townsend, 1915 = Callitrogopsis Townsend, 1935.

Chloroprocta idioidea (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) = Musca violacea Fabricius, 1805 = Chrysomya idioidea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 = Lucilia fuscanipennis Macquart, 1851 = Musca purpurea Walker, 1853 = Chloroprocta semiviridis Wulp, 1896 = Strongyloneura flavifacies Engel, 1931 = Callitrogopsis costalis Townsend, 1935. Type locality: ‘Brazil’. Distribution: widespread, from southern of the United States to Argentina; Argentina, Bahamas, Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Paraná, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima, São Paulo), Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Genus CHRYSOMYA Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830

= Compsomyia Rondani, 1875 = Pycnosoma Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1894 = Paracompsomyia Hough, 1898 = Microcalliphora Townsend, 1916 = Psilostoma Surcouf, 1919 = Hemichrysomyia Séguy, 1926: 304 = Achoetandrus Bezzi, 1927 = Eucompsomyia Malloch, 1927 = Cyaneosomyia Séguy, 1928 = Pycnosomops Townsend, 1934 = Ceylonomyia Fan, 1965.

Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819) = Musca albiceps Wiedemann, 1819 = Musca elara Walker, 1849 = Musca emoda Walker, 1849 = Musca himella Walker, 1849 = Musca felix Walker, 1853 = Lucilia arcuata Macquart, 1851 = Lucilia testaceifacies Macquart, 1851 = Somomyia nubiana Bigot, 1877 = Somomyia arussica Corti, 1895 = Paracompsomyia verticalis Adams, 1905 = Compsomyia flaviceps Séguy, 1927 = Compsomyia mascarenhasi Séguy, 1927 = Chrysomyia albiceps var. indica Patton & Cushing, 1934. Type locality: South Africa. Distribution: widespread in Africa, southern Europe (Mediterranean region), Asia and America; Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Paraná, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Sergipe), Colombia, Dominica, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Uruguay, Venezuela.

Comments: This species is thought to be introduced in the Neotropics from the Afrotropical region in the 1970’s (Guimarães et al., 1978Guimarães, J.H.; Prado, A.P. & Linhares A.X. 1978. Three newly introduced blowfly species in Southern Brazil (Diptera, Calliphoridae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 22(1): 53-60.; Baumgartner & Greenberg, 1984Baumgartner, D.L. & Greenberg, B. 1984. The genus Chrysomya (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in the New World. Journal of Medical Entomology, 21(1): 105-113. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/21.1.105.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/... ).

Chrysomya putoria (Wiedemann, 1830) = Musca putoria Wiedemann, 1830 = Chrysomyia ethiopyga Lehrer, 2007. Type locality: Sierra Leone. Distribution: widespread in the Afrotropical and Neotropical regions; Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Acre, Alagoas, Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Paraná, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Sergipe), Colombia, Panama, Paraguay, Peru.

Comments: As for Chrysomya albiceps Wiedemann, 1819, this species is thought to be introduced in the Americas from the Afrotropical region in the 1970’s (Guimarães et al., 1978Guimarães, J.H.; Prado, A.P. & Linhares A.X. 1978. Three newly introduced blowfly species in Southern Brazil (Diptera, Calliphoridae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 22(1): 53-60.; Baumgartner & Greenberg, 1984Baumgartner, D.L. & Greenberg, B. 1984. The genus Chrysomya (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in the New World. Journal of Medical Entomology, 21(1): 105-113. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/21.1.105.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/... ).

Genus COCHLIOMYIA Townsend, 1915

= Protochrysomyia Pierce, 1945 = Callitroga Hall, 1948.

Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius, 1775) = Musca macellaria Fabricius, 1775 = Musca erythrocephala De Geer, 1776 = Chrysomya affinis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 = Chrysomya alia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 = Chrysomya coerulescens Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 = Chrysomya decora Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 = Chrysomya lepida Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 = Chrysomya lherminieri Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 = Chrysomya plaei Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 = Chrysomya socia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 = Chrysomya tibialis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 = Chrysomya viridula Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 = Musca laniaria Wiedemann, 1830 = Musca taniaria Wiedemann, 1830 = Calliphora violacea Macquart, 1844 = Lucilia durvillei Macquart, 1844 = Lucilia vittata Macquart, 1844 = Musca certima Walker, 1849 = Musca phauda Walker, 1849 = Calliphora tristriata Verhuell, 1850 = Calliphora tibialis Macquart, 1851 = Lucilia rubrifrons Macquart, 1851 = Musca fasciata Walker, 1853 = Musca turbida Walker, 1853 = Lucilia curvipes Thomson, 1869 = Lucilia picicrus Thomson, 1869 = Lucilia porticola Thomson, 1869 = Lucilia quadrisignata Thomson, 1869 = Somomya aztequina Bigot, 1877 = Somomya flavigena Bigot, 1877 = Somomyia iridicolor Bigot, 1888 = Chrysomyia lynchi Lahille, 1915 = Protochrysomyia howardae Pierce, 1945 = Cochliomyia fontanai García, 1952. Type locality: ‘West Indies’. Distribution: widespread, from United States to Argentina; Argentina, Bahamas, Belize, Bermudas, Bolivia, Brazil (Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minhas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Paraná, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Sergipe), Caribbean, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Greater Antilles, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela.

Genus HEMILUCILIA Brauer, 1895

= Mya Rondani, 1850.

Hemilucilia benoisti Séguy, 1925 = Hemilucilia parva Shannon, 1926. Type locality: ‘French Guiana’. Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Goiás, Maranhão, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Colombia, Costa Rica, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Venezuela.

Hemilucilia semidiaphana (Rondani, 1850) = Mya semidiaphana Rondani, 1850 = Hemilucilia hermanlenti Mello, 1972 = Hemilucilia segmentaria ssp. pacifiencis Mariluis, 1980. Type locality: São Paulo, Brazil. Distribution: widespread in the Neotropical region; Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Sergipe), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Guyana, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Hemilucilia segmentaria (Fabricius, 1805) = Musca segmentaria Fabricius, 1805 = Chrysomya hyacinthina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 = Lucilia nubipennis Rondani, 1848: 77 = Calliphora femorata Walker, 1861 = Hemilucilia nubipennis ssp. occidentalis Mariluis, 1979. Type locality: ‘America meridionalis’. Distribution: widespread in the Neotropical region; Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Paraná, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago.

Genus PARALUCILIA Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891

Paralucilia paraensis (Mello, 1969) = Myiolucilia paraensis Mello, 1969 = Paralucilia adespota Dear, 1985 = Paralucilia desantisi Mariluis, 1989. Type locality: Brazil (Pará, Belém). Distribution: Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima), Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Guyana, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela.

Comments: de Carvalho & Couri (1992) reported this species from the Ilha de Maracá as Paralucilia adespota Dear, 1985, currently a synonym of P. paraensis (Mello, 1969).

Subfamily LUCILIINAE Shannon, 1923

Genus LUCILIA Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830

= Phaenicia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 = Phumonesia Villeneuve, 1914 = Phumosesia Villeneuve, 1914 = Bufolucilia Townsend, 1919 = Francilia Shannon, 1924 = Agoracrites Séguy, 1925 = Roubaudiella Séguy, 1925 = Caesariceps Rohdendorf, 1926 = Dasylucilia Rohdendorf, 1926 = Luciliella Malloch, 1926 = Viridinsula Shannon, 1926 = Chaetophaenicia Enderlein, 1936 = Acrophagella Ringdahl, 1942 = Sinolucilia Fan, 1965.

Lucilia albofuscaWhitworth, 2014Whitworth, T.L. 2014. A revision of the neotropical species of Lucilia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Zootaxa , 3810: 1-76. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3810.1.1.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... . Type locality: Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone, Panama. Distribution: Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Pará, Roraima), Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela.

Comments: The record from Roraima (Serra Pacaraima) was provided by Amat (2017Amat, E. 2017. Calliphoridae (Diptera) do noroeste da América do Sul: diversidade, distribuição e código de barras genético. (Doctoral Thesis). Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brazil. https://bdtd.inpa.gov.br/handle/tede/2608.
https://bdtd.inpa.gov.br/handle/tede/260... ).

Lucilia eximia (Wiedemann, 1819) = Musca eximia Wiedemann, 1819 = Lucilia smaragdula Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 = Lucilia parensis Macquart, 1844 = Lucilia ruficornis Macquart, 1846 = Lucilia punctipennis Macquart, 1848 = Lucilia subrectineuris Macquart, 1851 = Musca insularis Walker, 1853 = Somomya amazona Bigot, 1877 = Somomya mutabilis Bigot, 1877 = Somomya orenoquina Bigot, 1877 = Somomya pueblensis Bigot, 1877 = Somomyia sylphida Bigot, 1877 = Lucilia hirtiforceps Shannon, 1926 = Lucilia mera Shannon & Del Ponte, 1926 = Lucilia primaveris Shannon & Del Ponte, 1926. Type locality: ‘Brazil’. Distribution: widespread, from southern United States to Argentina; Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil (Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Paraná, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Tocantins), Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Honduras, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela, West Indies.

Comments: de Carvalho & Couri (1992) reported this species from Ilha de Maracá under the genus Phaenicia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863, which is currently considered a synonym of Lucilia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830.

Subfamily TOXOTARSINAE Shannon, 1926

Genus SARCONESIA Bigot, 1857

= Chlorobrachycoma Townsend, 1918 = Sarconesiopsis Townsend, 1918 = Roraimomusca Townsend, 1935 = Sarconesiomima Lopes & Albuquerque, 1955 = Sarconesisca Lopes & Albuquerque, 1982.

Sarconesia roraima (Townsend, 1935) = Roraimomusca roraima Townsend, 1935. Type locality: Venezuela (Mount Roraima). Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Roraima), Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela.

Comments: This species’ record from Roraima, Brazil, was provided by Mariluis & Peris (1984Mariluis, J.C. & Peris, S.V. 1984. Datos para la sinopsis de los Calliphoridae neotropicales Revista Española de Entomologia EOS, 50: 67-86.). The collection site refers to Mount Roraima, which is located on the triple border of Brazil, Venezuela, and Guyana.

Fanniidae (Fig. 4R). Members of this family occur in all biogeographic regions, mostly in forested areas (de Carvalho et al., 2003de Carvalho, C.J.B.; Pont, A.C.; Couri, M.S. & Pamplona, D. 2003. A catalogue of the Fanniidae (Diptera) of the Neotropical Region. Zootaxa , 219: 1-32. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.219.1.1.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ). Fanniidae is a small Calyptrate family with five known genera, two of which, Euryomma Stein, 1899 and Fannia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, are found in the Neotropical region. There are about 110 species in the Neotropics, occurring from sea level up to the highlands of Central America and North and Central Andes, with some species flying at up to 4,150 m.a.s.l. (Grisales & de Carvalho, 2019Grisales, D. & de Carvalho, C.J.B. 2019. Highland biodiversity of Fanniidae (Insecta, Diptera): fourteen new species from the Andes and Central America. Zootaxa , 4551: 330-360. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4551.3.4.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ). Adults are small- to medium-sized flies and most species are gray or blackish (Albuquerque et al., 1981Albuquerque, D.O.; Pamplona, D.M. & de Carvalho, C.J.B. 1981. Contribuição ao conhecimento dos Fannia R.-D. 1830 da Região Neotropical (Diptera, Fanniidae). Arquivos do Museu Nacional, 56: 9-34.). Forty-nine species of Fannia and Euryomma occur in Brazil (de Carvalho & Couri, 2021ade Carvalho, C.J.B. & Couri, M.S. 2021a. Fanniidae. In: Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD . Available: Available: http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/1746 . Access: 10/08/2021.
http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobr... ), but only Fannia has been found at ESEC Maracá (de Carvalho, 1991de Carvalho, C.J.B. 1991. Descrição de Fannia euchaetophora, sp. n. (Diptera, Fanniidae) da Ilha de Maracá, Roraima, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 35: 35-38.; de Carvalho & Couri, 1992). Males hover in aerials swarms, while females are found on the vegetation (de Carvalho et al., 2003de Carvalho, C.J.B.; Pont, A.C.; Couri, M.S. & Pamplona, D. 2003. A catalogue of the Fanniidae (Diptera) of the Neotropical Region. Zootaxa , 219: 1-32. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.219.1.1.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ). Most larval stages of Fannia species are saprophagous, associated mainly with decaying vegetable material. Some species are synanthropic (Almeida et al., 1985Almeida, J.R.; de Carvalho, C.J.B. & Malkowski, S.R. 1985. Dípteros sinantrópicos de Curitiba e arredores (Paraná, Brasil). II. Fanniidae e Anthomyiidae. Anais da Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil, 14(2): 277-288.). Fannia canicularis (Linnaeus, 1761) (the little house fly) and F. scalaris (Fabricius, 1794) (the latrine fly) are the best known synanthropic species, but some other species also visit human feces and carrion. For identification, see Grisales & de Carvalho (2019)Grisales, D. & de Carvalho, C.J.B. 2019. Highland biodiversity of Fanniidae (Insecta, Diptera): fourteen new species from the Andes and Central America. Zootaxa , 4551: 330-360. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4551.3.4.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... for a key for males of Fannia species from Central and North Andes and Central America. Some species of Euryomma and Fannia may be important to forensic studies, including in estimating post-mortem intervals (Grisales et al., 2016Grisales, D.; Lecheta, M.C.; Aballay, F.H. & de Carvalho, C.J.B. 2016. A key and checklist to the Neotropical forensically important “Little House Flies” (Diptera: Fanniidae). Zoologia, 33(6): e20160054. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689zool-20160054.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ). The list of species from Roraima follows de Carvalho (1991)de Carvalho, C.J.B. 1991. Descrição de Fannia euchaetophora, sp. n. (Diptera, Fanniidae) da Ilha de Maracá, Roraima, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 35: 35-38. and de Carvalho & Couri (1992).

FANNIIDAE Schnabl, 1911

Genus FANNIA Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830

= Homalomyia Bouché, 1834 = Dasyphyma Bigot, 1882 = Profannia Séguy, 1937 = Mesazelia Blanchard, 1942.

Fannia bella Albuquerque, 1957. Type locality: Brazil (Minas Gerais). Distribution: Brazil (Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Roraima).

Fannia euchaetophorade Carvalho, 1991de Carvalho, C.J.B. 1991. Descrição de Fannia euchaetophora, sp. n. (Diptera, Fanniidae) da Ilha de Maracá, Roraima, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 35: 35-38.. Type locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima).

Fannia obscurinervis (Stein, 1900). Type locality: Bolivia. Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Bahia, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Roraima), Colombia, Guyana, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Venezuela.

Fannia trimaculata (Stein, 1898). Type locality: North America and Jamaica. Distribution: Argentina, Brazil (Bahia, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima, São Paulo), Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Honduras, Jamaica, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Venezuela, Uruguay.

Fannia sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Fannia sp. 2,heydenii group, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Fannia sp. 3,pusio group, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Comments: The morphospecies Fannia sp. 2 and Fannia sp. 3 were not collected in this survey. The available data is from de Carvalho & Couri (1991de Carvalho, C.J.B. & Couri, M.S. 1991. Muscidae, Fanniidae e Calliphoridae (Diptera) do Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil. Acta Amazonica , 21: 35-43. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211043.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ).

Mesembrinellidae (Fig. 4S). This family comprises a small group of calyptrate flies occurring exclusively in the Neotropical region. This lineage has been historically considered a subfamily of Calliphoridae. However, the family status for this group, originally proposed by Guimarães (1977Guimarães, J.H. 1977. A Systematic Revision of the Mesembrinellidae, stat. nov. (Diptera, Cyclorrhapha). Arquivos de Zoologia , 29(1): 1-109. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2176-7793.v29i1p1-109.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11606... ) and later supported by molecular phylogenetic analyses (Marinho et al., 2017Marinho, M.A.T.; Wolff, M.; Ramos-Pastrana, Y.; Azeredo-Espin, A.M.L. & Amorim, D.S. 2017. The first phylogenetic study of Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea) based on molecular data: clades and congruence with morphological characters. Cladistics , 33(2): 134-152. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12157.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/... ; Cerretti et al., 2017Cerretti, P.; Stireman III, J.O.; Pape, T.; O’Hara, J.E.; Marinho, M.A.T.; Rognes, K. & Grimaldi, D.A. 2017. First fossil of an oestroid fly (Diptera: Calyptratae: Oestroidea) and the dating of oestroid divergences. PLoS ONE, 12(8): e0182101. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0182101.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/... ), is currently widely accepted (Whitworth & Yousseff-Vanegas, 2019Whitworth, T.L. & Yusseff-Vanegas, S. 2019. A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa , 4659: 1-146. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ). The diversity of Mesembrinellidae extents to 53 extant species and one fossil - Mesembrinella caenozoicaCerretti et al., 2017Cerretti, P.; Stireman III, J.O.; Pape, T.; O’Hara, J.E.; Marinho, M.A.T.; Rognes, K. & Grimaldi, D.A. 2017. First fossil of an oestroid fly (Diptera: Calyptratae: Oestroidea) and the dating of oestroid divergences. PLoS ONE, 12(8): e0182101. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0182101.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/... . The mesembrinelids are asynanthropic, occurring in areas of primary forest with lower disturbance rates. This particular attribute led to the proposition of using the species of this family as bioindicators of environmental quality (Cabrini et al., 2013Cabrini, I.; Grella, M.D.; Andrade, C.F.S. & Thyssen, P.J. 2013. Richness and composition of Calliphoridae in an Atlantic Forest fragment: implication for the use of dipteran species as bioindicators. Biodiversity and Conservation, 22(11): 2635-2643. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-013-0545-x.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/... ). Seventeen species are known to Brazil (Whitworth & Yusseff-Vanegas, 2019Whitworth, T.L. & Yusseff-Vanegas, S. 2019. A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa , 4659: 1-146. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ; Barbosa, 2021bBarbosa, L. 2021b. Mesembrinellidae. In: Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD . Available: Available: http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadoBrasil/732 . Access: 20/01/2021.
http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadoBr... ), four of which have been recorded to the state of Roraima (Bonatto, 2001Bonatto, S. 2001. Revisão e análise cladística de Mesembrinellidae stat. restaur. (Diptera: Oestroidea). (Doctoral Thesis). Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba.). Particularly for Ilha de Maracá, two species are registered: Mesembrinella bicolor (Fabricius, 1805) and M. quadrilineata (Fabricius, 1805) (Bonatto, 2001Bonatto, S. 2001. Revisão e análise cladística de Mesembrinellidae stat. restaur. (Diptera: Oestroidea). (Doctoral Thesis). Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba.). The latter, however, was not found in this survey. The species M. quadrilineata and M. benoisti (Séguy, 1925b), with known occurrence for Roraima, were previously placed in the genus Eumesembrinella Townsend, 1931, which is now considered a synonym of Mesembrinella Giglio-Tos, 1893 (Whitworth & Yusseff-Vanegas, 2019Whitworth, T.L. & Yusseff-Vanegas, S. 2019. A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa , 4659: 1-146. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ).

MESEMBRINELLIDAE Shannon, 1926

Subfamily MESEMBRINELLINAE Shannon, 1926

Genus MESEMBRINELLA Giglio-Tos, 1893

= Huascaromusca Townsend, 1918 = Mesembolia Aldrich, 1922 = Eumesembrinella Townsend, 1931 = Promesembrinella Hall, 1948 = Albuquerquea Mello, 1967 = ThompsoniellaGuimarães, 1977Guimarães, J.H. 1977. A Systematic Revision of the Mesembrinellidae, stat. nov. (Diptera, Cyclorrhapha). Arquivos de Zoologia , 29(1): 1-109. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2176-7793.v29i1p1-109.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11606... = Giovanella Bonatto, 2005 = Henriquella Bonatto, 2005.

Mesembrinella batesi Aldrich, 1922. Type locality: Brazil (Amazonas, Amazon River). Distribution: Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso, Pará, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rondônia, Roraima), Colombia, Ecuador, Peru.

Comments: The record from Roraima (Pacaraima) was provided by Bonatto (2001Bonatto, S. 2001. Revisão e análise cladística de Mesembrinellidae stat. restaur. (Diptera: Oestroidea). (Doctoral Thesis). Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba.).

Mesembrinella bicolor (Fabricius, 1805) = Musca bicolor Fabricius, 1805. Type locality: ‘America meridionalis’. Distribution: widespread in the Neotropical region; Brazil (Amazonas, Bahia, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rondônia, Roraima, São Paulo, Tocantins).

Mesembrinella benoisti (Séguy, 1925) = Ochromyia benoisti Séguy, 1925. Type locality: French Guiana. Distribution: Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Roraima), French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Venezuela.

Comments: The record from Roraima (Pacaraima) was provided by Bonatto (2001Bonatto, S. 2001. Revisão e análise cladística de Mesembrinellidae stat. restaur. (Diptera: Oestroidea). (Doctoral Thesis). Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba.).

Mesembrinella quadrilineata (Fabricius, 1805) = Musca quadrilineata Fabricius, 1805. Type locality: ‘America meridionalis’. Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima), Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Venezuela.

Muscidae (Fig. 4T). Cosmopolitan, Muscidae is a large family of Calyptratae flies, with 5,218 species in 187 genera distributed worldwide (Pape et al., 2011Pape, T.; Blagoderov, V. & Mostovski, M.B. 2011. Order DIPTERA Linnaeus, 1758. In: Zhang, Z-Q. (Ed.). Animal biodivesity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa , 3148: 222-229. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.42.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ). There are 846 valid species in the Neotropical region, occurring from coastal shores and beaches to the Andean highlands (de Carvalho et al., 2019de Carvalho, C.J.B.; Haseyama, K.L.F.; Gomes, L.R.P. & Zafalon-Silva, Â. 2019. New genus and new species of Muscidae (Diptera) from the Andes highlands and discussion of its phylogenetic position based on morphological evidence. Austral Entomology, 58: 484-497. https://doi.org/10.1111/aen.12400.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/... ). In Brazil, there are 390 recorded species, 18 of which from the state of Roraima (Löwenberg-Neto & de Carvalho, 2013Löwenberg-Neto, P. & de Carvalho, C.J.B. 2013. Muscidae (Insecta: Diptera) of Latin America and the Caribbean: geographic distribution and checklist by country. Zootaxa , 3650: 1-147. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3650.1.1.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ; de Carvalho & Couri, 2021bde Carvalho, C.J.B. & Couri, M.S. 2021b. Muscidae. In: Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD . Available: Available: http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/1506 . Access: 10/08/2021.
http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobr... ). Muscidae is a monophyletic group. The phylogeny of the family was investigated using morphological (de Carvalho, 1989de Carvalho, C.J.B. 1989. Classificação de Muscidae (Diptera): uma proposta através da análise cladística. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 6: 627-648. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81751989000400009.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) and molecular data (Kutty et al., 2014Kutty, S.N.; Pont, A.C.; Meier, R. & Pape, T. 2014. Complete tribal sampling reveals basal split in Muscidae (Diptera), confirms saprophagy as ancestral feeding mode, and reveals an evolutionary correlation between instar numbers and carnivory. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 78: 349-364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.05.027.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/... ; Haseyama et al., 2015Haseyama, K.L.F.; Wiegmann, B.M.; Almeida, E.A.B. & de Carvalho, C.J.B. 2015. Say goodbye to tribes in the new house fly classification: a new molecular phylogenetic analysis and an updated biogeographical narrative for the Muscidae (Diptera). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 89: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.04.006.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/... ). Adults occur in most habitats, except for extremely arid regions. Although the adults of most species feed on organic material in decomposition, plant feeders, hematophagous and predator species are common (de Carvalho et al., 2005de Carvalho, C.J.B.; Couri, M.S.; Pont, A.C.; Pamplona, D. & Lopes, S.M. 2005. A catalogue of the Muscidae (Diptera) of the Neotropical Region. Zootaxa , 860: 1-282. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.860.1.1.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ). Few species are in contact with humans, but Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758, Stomoxys calcitrans (Linnaeus, 1758), and Haematobia irritans (Linnaeus, 1758) are well known for their medical and veterinary importance. Muscid larvae are saprophagous and coprophagous, but most species are facultative or truly carnivores (Skidmore, 1985Skidmore, P. 1985. The biology of the Muscidae of the world. Dordrecht, W. Junk. 550p. (Series Entomologica, 29)). Few species are pests of agricultural systems, such as Atherigona reversura Villeneuve, 1936, recently found in southern Brazil feeding on bermudagrass, Cynodon dactylon cv. Jiggs, an important food source for cattle in the semi-intensive milk production systems (Ribeiro et al., 2016Ribeiro, L. do P.; Menezes Netto, A.C.; Jochims, F.; Haseyama, K.L.F. & de Carvalho, C.J.B. 2016. First record of Atherigona reversura Villeneuve (Diptera: Muscidae) feeding on Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon cv. Jiggs, Poaceae) in Brazil: morphological and molecular tools for identification. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 60: 270-274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2016.04.001.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/... ). For identification keys to Neotropical Muscidae genera and most of their species, see de Carvalho & Couri (2002)de Carvalho, C.J.B. & Couri, M.S. 2002. Part I. Basal groups. In: de Carvalho, C.J.B. (Ed.). Muscidae (Diptera) of the Neotropical Region: Taxonomy. Curitiba, Editora Universidade Federal do Paraná. p. 17-132. and Couri & de Carvalho (2002)Couri, M.S. & de Carvalho, C.J.B. 2002. Part II. Apical Groups. In: de Carvalho, C.J.B. (Ed.). Muscidae (Diptera) of the Neotropical Region: Taxonomy . Curitiba, Editora Universidade Federal do Paraná . p. 133-262.. The species list follows de Carvalho & Couri (1992), de Carvalho et al. (2005)de Carvalho, C.J.B.; Couri, M.S.; Pont, A.C.; Pamplona, D. & Lopes, S.M. 2005. A catalogue of the Muscidae (Diptera) of the Neotropical Region. Zootaxa , 860: 1-282. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.860.1.1.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... , and Löwenberg-Neto & de Carvalho (2013)Löwenberg-Neto, P. & de Carvalho, C.J.B. 2013. Muscidae (Insecta: Diptera) of Latin America and the Caribbean: geographic distribution and checklist by country. Zootaxa , 3650: 1-147. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3650.1.1.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... .

MUSCIDAE Latreille, 1802

Subfamily ATHERIGONINAE Fan, 1965

Genus ATHERIGONA Rondani, 1856

Atherigona orientalis Schiner, 1968. Type locality: “Tellnschong”, Nicobar Is. Distribution: Argentina, Barbados, Brazil (Ceará, Bahia, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, São Paulo), Colombia, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Easter Island, Ecuador, El Salvador, Galápagos Islands, Guyana, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rica, Saint Kitts, Saint Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela, United States Virgin Islands.

Subfamily AZELIINAE Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830

Genus HYDROTAEA Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830

Hydrotaea aenescens (Wiedemann, 1830). Type locality: ‘Neu-Orleans’, USA. Distribution: Nearctic Region, western Palearctic Region, eastern Pacific; Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Bahia, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Parana, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima, São Paulo), Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, Easter Island, Galápagos Islands, Guyana, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela.

Genus MICROPOTAMIA Carvalho, 1993

Micropotamia amazonica (Albuquerque & Lopes, 1982). Type locality: Brazil (Amazonas, Manaus). Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Roraima).

Genus PHILORNIS Meinert, 1890

= Neomusca Malloch, 1921 = Mesembrinellopsis Townsend, 1927.

Philornis aitkeni Dodge, 1963. Type locality: Trinidad and Tobago (Fort Read). Distribution: Brazil (Rondônia, Roraima), Mexico, Trinidad and Tobago.

Philornis sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus POTAMIA Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830

= Dendrophaonia Malloch, 1923.

Potamia sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Subfamily COENOSIINAE Verrall, 1888

Genus BITHORACOCHAETA Stein, 1911

Bithoracochaeta flavicoxa Malloch, 1934. Type locality: Costa Rica (Farm la Caja, 8 km west of San José). Distribution: Brazil (Paraná, Roraima), Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guyana.

Bithoracochaeta sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus LIMNOPHORA Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830

= Microchylum Macquart, 1851 = Leucomelina Macquart, 1851 = Bucephalomyia Malloch, 1918.

Limnophora sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus PLUMISPINA Albuquerque, 1954

Plumispina longipilis (Albuquerque, 1954). Type locality: Brazil (Guanabara, Rio de Janeiro, Grajaú). Distribution: Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, Roraima).

Subfamily CYRTONEURININAE Snyder, 1954

Genus CHARADRELLA Wulp, 1896

Charadrella malacophaga Lopes, 1938. Type locality: Brazil (Rio de Janeiro). Distribution: Brazil (Bahia, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima).

Genus CYRTONEURINA Giglio-Tos, 1893

= Clinopera Wulp, 1896.

Cyrtoneurina confusa Snyder, 1954. Type locality: Panama (Patilla Point). Distribution: Brazil (Bahia, Mato Grosso, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima), Costa Rica, Panama.

Cyrtoneurina sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus CYRTONEUROPSIS Malloch, 1925

= Mallocharia Curran, 1943 = Dyadimyia Séguy, 1937 = Paracyrtoneurina Pamplona & Couri, 1998 = Paracyrtoneurina Pamplona, 1999.

Cyrtoneuropsis conspersa (Stein, 1911). Type locality: Peru (Pto. Bermúdez). Distribution: Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará, Tocantins, Roraima), Colombia, Costa Rica, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru.

Cyrtoneuropsis dubia (Snyder, 1954). Type locality: Peru (Junin, Chanchamayo). Distribution: Belize, Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Espírito Santo, Pará, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima), Costa Rica, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Panama, Peru.

Cyrtoneuropsis flaviantennata (Couri, 1982). Type locality: Brazil (Mato Grosso, Sinop). Distribution: Brazil (Mato Grosso, Roraima).

Cyrtoneuropsis protosetosa (Snyder, 1954). Type locality: Brazil (Natal). Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Distrito Federal, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rondônia, Roraima, São Paulo).

Cyrtoneuropsis veniseta (Stein, 1904). Type locality: Brazil (Pará). Distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Pará, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, Santa Catarina), Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guyana, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Cyrtoneuropsis sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus NEOMUSCINA Townsend, 1919

= Spilopteromyia Malloch, 1921.

Neomuscina sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Neomuscina sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Neomuscina sp. 3, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Subfamily MUSCINAE Townsend, 1802

Genus BIOPYRELLIA Townsend, 1932

Biopyrellia bipuncta (Wiedemann, 1830). Type locality: ‘Brasilien’. Distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Distrito Federal, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Costa Rica, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago.

**Genus HAEMATOBIA Le Peletier & Serville in Latreille et al., 1828**

= Siphona Meigen, 1803 = Lyperosia Rondani, 1856.

Haematobia irritans (Linnaeus, 1758). Type locality: Sweden. Distribution: Nearctic and Palearctic regions, Hawaii; Argentina, Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, São Paulo, Roraima), Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, United States Virgin Islands, Venezuela.

Genus MORELLIA Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830

= Cyrtoneuropsis Malloch, 1925 = Cyacyrtoneura Townsend, 1931 = Chaetopyrellia Townsend, 1932 = Neopyrellia Enderlein, 1935.

Morellia basalis (Walker, 1853). Type locality: ‘Jamaica’. Distribution: Nearctic and Neotropical regions; Brazil (Roraima), Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Haiti, Jamaica, Mexico, Puerto Rico, United States, Venezuela.

Morellia hirtitibia Pamplona, 1986. Type locality: Brazil (Mato Grosso, Sinop). Distribution: Brazil (Mato Grosso, Roraima).

Morellia maculipennis (Macquart, 1846). Type locality: ‘Colombie … Brésil’. Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Salvador, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, São Paulo), Colombia, Cuba, Dominica, Guadalupe, Guyana, Jamaica, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Morellia nigricosta Hough, 1900 = M. nitida Wiedemann, 1830. Type locality: Brazil (Mato Grosso, Chapada [dos Guimarães]). Distribution: Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Pará, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, São Paulo), Costa Rica, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru.

Genus MUSCA Linnaeus, 1758

= Promusca Townsend, 1915.

Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758. Type locality: ‘In Europae domibus, etiam America’. Distribution: cosmopolitan; Brazil (Amazonas, Bahia, Goiás, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima, São Paulo, Santa Catarina).

Genus NEORYPELLIA Pont, 1972Pont, A.C. 1972. Family Muscidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.). A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. São Paulo, Departamento de Zoologia da Secretaria da Agricultura do Estado de São Paulo. 111p.

= Neopyrellia Townsend, 1939.

Neopyrellia neglecta (Townsend, 1939). Type locality: Brazil (São Paulo, Juquiá). Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Bahia, Maranhão, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, São Paulo), Paraguay.

Genus POLIETINA Schnabl & Dziedzicki, 1911

= Poecilophaonia Malloch, 1921 = Smithomyia Malloch, 1921 = Chaetypopleura Enderlein, 1927 = Lasiomala Enderlein, 1927.

Polietina flavithorax (Stein, 1904). Type locality: Peru (Callanga). Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima), Paraguay, Peru, Venezuela.

Polietina prima (Couri & Machado), 1990. Type locality: Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, Parque Nacional da Tijuca). Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Bahia, Maranhão, Pará, Paraná, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima), Costa Rica, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago.

Polietina sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Subfamily MYDAEINAE Verrall, 1888

Genus GYMNODIA Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863

= Brontaea Kowarz, 1873.

Gymnodia debilis (Williston, 1896). Type locality: St. Vincent. Distribution: Nearctic region; Argentina, Brazil (Bahia, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraná, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Cayman Islands, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Galápagos Islands, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Peru, Puerto Rico, Venezuela.

Gymnodia sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus MYOSPILA Rondani, 1856

= Phasiophana Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891.

Myospila pallidicornis Bigot, 1887 = Phasiophana obsoleta Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891. Type locality: ‘Mexique’. Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Venezuela.

Sarcophagidae (Fig. 4U). This family comprises about 3,100 species in the world, distributed in ca. 170 genera (Pape, 1996Pape, T. 1996. Catalogue of the Sarcophagidae of the world (Insecta: Diptera). Memoirs on Entomology International, 8: 1-558.; Pape et al., 2011Pape, T.; Blagoderov, V. & Mostovski, M.B. 2011. Order DIPTERA Linnaeus, 1758. In: Zhang, Z-Q. (Ed.). Animal biodivesity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa , 3148: 222-229. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.42.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ; Buenaventura & Pape, 2018Buenaventura, E. & Pape, T. 2018. Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , 183(4): 808-906. https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/... ), included in the subfamilies Miltogramminae, Paramacronychiinae, and Sarcophaginae (Pape, 1996Pape, T. 1996. Catalogue of the Sarcophagidae of the world (Insecta: Diptera). Memoirs on Entomology International, 8: 1-558.). The Sarcophaginae are much more diverse in the Neotropical region, with more than 850 species recorded, while Miltogramminae has about 40 species and only one species belongs to Paramacronychiinae (Pape, 1996Pape, T. 1996. Catalogue of the Sarcophagidae of the world (Insecta: Diptera). Memoirs on Entomology International, 8: 1-558.; Mello-Patiu, 2016Mello-Patiu, C.A. 2016. Family Sarcophagidae. In: Wolff, M.; Nihei, S.S. & de Carvalho, C.J.B. (Eds.). Catalogue of Diptera of Colombia. Zootaxa , 4122(1): 884-903. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.75.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646... ; Mello-Patiu & Santos, 2021Mello-Patiu, C.A. & Santos, J.R. 2021. Sarcophagidae. In: Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD . Available: Available: http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadoBrasil/1151 . Access: 08/09/2021.
http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadoBr... ). The Brazilian fauna counts with more than 350 species in about 40 genera (Pape, 1996Pape, T. 1996. Catalogue of the Sarcophagidae of the world (Insecta: Diptera). Memoirs on Entomology International, 8: 1-558.; Mello-Patiu & Santos, 2021Mello-Patiu, C.A. & Santos, J.R. 2021. Sarcophagidae. In: Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD . Available: Available: http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadoBrasil/1151 . Access: 08/09/2021.
http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadoBr... ). Among them, only 31 species had been previously recorded to the state of Roraima, 25 of which to Ilha de Maracá (Mello, 1989Mello, C.A. 1989. Uma nova espécie de Farrimyia Dodge, 1965 (Diptera, Sarcophagidae). Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz , 84: 373-376. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02761989000800066.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Tibana & Lopes, 1990Tibana, R. & Lopes, H.S. 1990. New and old Sarcophagidae (Diptera) from Roraima, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 50: 669-674. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211157.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Lopes & Tibana, 1991Lopes, H.S. & Tibana, R. 1991. Sarcophagidae (Diptera) de Roraima, Brasil. Acta Amazonica , 21: 151-157. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211157.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ). The identified sarcophagids in the present study belong to 12 genera and 28 species. Of these, one species is the first record to Brazil, and two genera and 12 species are new to Roraima. Seven species, however, could not be assigned to any described species (Table 2) and are still subject to ongoing morphological and taxonomic studies. The updated checklist has a total of 50 species recorded from Roraima, including the seven morphospecies.

SARCOPHAGIDAE Macquart, 1834

Subfamily MILTOGRAMMINAE Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889

Genus METOPIA Meigen, 1803

= Ophelia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 = Araba Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 = Argyria Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 = Argyrella Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 = Arabella Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 = Anicia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 = Parametopia Townsend, 1916 = Chaetanicia Townsend, 1933 = Juquianicia Townsend, 1934 = Allenanicia Townsend, 1935 = Rupununia Townsend, 1935 = Nepalometopia Rohdendorf, 1966 = Udamomitra Enderlein, 1934 = Udamomitra Enderlein, 1936 = Fanestria Venturi, 1960 = Opheliella Rohdendorf, 1955 = Australoanicia Verves, 1979.

Metopia sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Metopia sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Metopia sp. 3, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus SENOTAINIA Macquart, 1844

= Megaera Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 = Sphixapata Rondani, 1859 = Arrenopus Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 = Sphecapata Bezzi, 1906 = Stenotaenia Bezzi, 1906 = Arrhenopus Bezzi & Stein, 1907 = Euselenomyia Townsend, 1912 = Eusenotainia Townsend, 1915 = Microsenotainia Townsend, 1916 = Nyctella Zimin, 1928 = Myiapis Séguy, 1930 = Chaetometopia Malloch, 1930 = Nannosetulia Enderlein, 1934 = Pariogymnia Enderlein, 1934 = Poecilonychia Enderlein, 1934 = Afrosenotainia Rohdendorf, 1935 = Pariogymnia Enderlein, 1936 = Plionychia Enderlein, 1936 = Noditermitomyia Séguy, 1953.

Senotainia flavicornis (Townsend, 1891) = Miltogramma flavicornis Townsend, 1891 = M. similis Townsend, 1891. Type locality: United States (Illinois). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima), Canada, Cuba, El Salvador, Mexico, United States.

Subfamily SARCOPHAGINAE Macquart, 1835

Genus ARGORAVINIA Townsend, 1917

= Raviniopsis Townsend, 1918 = Sarcophagina Curran, 1928 = Pachygraphomyia Hall, 1933.

Argoravinia alvarengai Lopes, 1976. Type locality: Brazil (Roraima, Suruma). Distribution: Brazil (Amapá, Pará, Roraima), Colombia, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Argoravinia aurea (Townsend, 1918) = Raviniopsis aurea Townsend, 1918 = Pachygraphomyia spinosa Hall, 1933. Type locality: Peru (Piura). Distribution: Belize, Brazil (Amazonas, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Pará, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, São Paulo), Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, French Guiana, Guyana, Marshall Islands, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Genus CHRYSAGRIA Townsend, 1935

= Sarcofahrtiamyia Hall, 1937.

Chrysagria duodecimpunctata Townsend, 1935 = Sarcofahrtiamyia tenta Hall, 1937. Type locality: Brazil (Pernambuco, Tapéra). Distribution: Argentina, Brazil (Minas Gerais, Goiás, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima), Colombia, Dominica, Guatemala, Jamaica, Mexico, Peru, United States.

Genus DEXOSARCOPHAGA Townsend, 1917

= Sarcomyia Roback, 1954 = Farrimyia Dodge, 1965 = Ectomyia Dodge, 1968 = Varcophaga Dodge, 1968 = Bezzisca Lopes, 1975.

Dexosarcophaga ampullula (Engel, 1931) = Bercaea ampullula Engel, 1931. Type locality: Argentina ([probably Formosa], Lapango). Distribution: Argentina, Brazil (Goiás, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, São Paulo).

Dexosarcophaga bidentata Dodge, 1966. Type locality: Trinidad and Tobago (Trinidad, Santa Cruz). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima), Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Dexosarcophaga globulosa Lopes, 1946. Type locality: Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, Grajaú). Distribution: Brazil (Bahia, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Pará, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima), Ecuador, Guyana, Panama.

Dexosarcophaga hugoiPape, 1996Pape, T. 1996. Catalogue of the Sarcophagidae of the world (Insecta: Diptera). Memoirs on Entomology International, 8: 1-558. = Farrimyia lopesi Mello, 1990. Type locality: Brazil (Roraima, Rio Uraricoera, Ilha de Maracá). Distribution: Brazil (Maranhão, Roraima).

Dexosarcophaga rafaeli (Tibana & Lopes, 1990Tibana, R. & Lopes, H.S. 1990. New and old Sarcophagidae (Diptera) from Roraima, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 50: 669-674. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211157.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) = Bezzisca rafaeliTibana & Lopes, 1990Tibana, R. & Lopes, H.S. 1990. New and old Sarcophagidae (Diptera) from Roraima, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 50: 669-674. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211157.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... . Type locality: Brazil (Roraima, Rio Uraricoera, Ilha de Maracá). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima).

Genus HELICOBIA Coquillett, 1895

= Punaphyto Townsend, 1915 = Helicobiopsis Townsend, 1927 = Notochaetophyto Hall, 1933 = Anaravinia Townsend, 1934 = Oxyhelicobia Blanchard, 1942 = Helicobiomima Tibana & Lopes, 1985.

Helicobia aurescens (Townsend, 1927) = Sarcophaga parvula Lahille, 1907 = Helicobiopsis aurescens Townsend, 1927 = Opsophyto lahillei Blanchard, 1939. Type locality: Brazil (São Paulo, Itaquaquecetuba). Distribution: Argentina, Brazil (Distrito Federal, Maranhão, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná, Roraima, São Paulo).

Helicobia chapadensis (Tibana & Lopes, 1985) = Helicobiomima chapadensis Tibana & Lopes, 1985. Type locality: Brazil (Mato Grosso, Chapada dos Guimarães). Distribution: Brazil (Mato Grosso, Roraima).

Helicobia morionella (Aldrich, 1930) = Sarcophaga morionella Aldrich, 1930 = Oxyhelicobia chacoana Blanchard, 1942. Type locality: Cuba (Habana). Distribution: Argentina, Bahamas, Bermuda, Brazil (Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, São Paulo), Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Hawaii, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Mexico, United States, United States Virgin Islands.

Helicobia sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Helicobia sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus LEPIDODEXIA Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891

Subgenus HARPAGOPYGA Aldrich, 1925

= Pachygraphiops Townsend, 1934.

Lepidodexia (Harpagopyga) pacta (Townsend, 1934) = Pachygraphiops pacta Townsend, 1934 = Harpagopyga divergensCurran & Walley, 1934Curran, C.H. 1934. The families and genera o North American Diptera. New York, American Museum Natural History. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/6825.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibl... . Type locality: Brazil (Pará, Rio Tapajós, Boa Vista). Distribution: Brazil (Pará, Roraima), Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago.

Subgenus NOTOCHAETA Aldrich, 1916

= Micronotochaeta Townsend, 1927 = Discomyophora Townsend, 1927 = Actenella Enderlein, 1928 = Udamoctis Enderlein, 1928 = Sisasarcophaga Townsend, 1928 = Eunotochaeta Townsend, 1934 = Mononotochaeta Townsend, 1935 = Sarcophodexiopsis Kreibohm, 1940 = Sarcophodexiopsis Blanchard, 1942 = Anolisimyia Dodge, 1955.

Lepidodexia (Notochaeta) carvalhoi (Lopes, 1984). Type locality: Brazil (Pará, Rio Parú). Distribution: Brazil (Pará, Roraima).

Lepidodexia (Notochaeta) sp. 1, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Lepidodexia (Notochaeta) sp. 2, Locality: Brazil (Roraima, Ilha de Maracá).

Genus OROSARCOPHAGA Townsend, 1927

= Oxyvinia Dodge, 1966.

Orosarcophaga uraricoera (Tibana & Lopes, 1990Tibana, R. & Lopes, H.S. 1990. New and old Sarcophagidae (Diptera) from Roraima, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 50: 669-674. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211157.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) = Oxyvinia uraricoeraTibana & Lopes, 1990Tibana, R. & Lopes, H.S. 1990. New and old Sarcophagidae (Diptera) from Roraima, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 50: 669-674. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211157.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... . Type locality: Brazil (Roraima, Rio Uraricoera, Ilha de Maracá). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima).

Genus OXYSARCODEXIA Townsend, 1917

= Dasyproctia Enderlein, 1928 = Hybopygia Enderlein, 1928 = Amesothyrsus Enderlein, 1928 = Apelophyla Hall, 1938 = Xarcophaga Dodge, 1968 = Asioboettcheria Verves, 2001.

Oxysarcodexia adunca Lopes, 1975. Type locality: Brazil (Espírito Santo, Conceição da Barra). Distribution: Brazil (Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima).

Oxysarcodexia amorosa (Schiner, 1868) = Sarcophaga amorosa Schiner, 1868. Type locality: Brazil. Distribution: Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Maranhão, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, Santa Catarina), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Peru.

Oxysarcodexia angrensis (Lopes, 1933) = Sarcophaga angrensis Lopes, 1933 = S. articulata Hall, 1933 = S. kartaboCurran & Walley, 1934Curran, C.H. 1934. The families and genera o North American Diptera. New York, American Museum Natural History. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/6825.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibl... . Type locality: Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, Angra dos Reis). Distribution: Brazil (Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Pará, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, São Paulo), Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Oxysarcodexia augusta Lopes, 1946. Type locality: Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, Guanabara, Méier). Distribution: Argentina, Brazil (Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, Santa Catarina).

Oxysarcodexia avuncula (Lopes, 1933) = Sarcophaga avuncula Lopes, 1933. Type locality: Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, Guanabara, Manguinhos). Distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Ceará, Espírito Santo, Distrito Federal, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago.

Oxysarcodexia carvalhoi Lopes, 1946. Type locality: Brazil (Minas Gerais, Cordisburgo). Distribution: Brazil (Amapá, Ceará, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, São Paulo), Ecuador, Guyana.

Oxysarcodexia diana (Lopes, 1933) = Sarcophaga diana Lopes, 1933. Type locality: Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, Angra dos Reis). Distribution: Argentina, Brazil (Ceará, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Ecuador, El Salvador, Mexico, Paraguay, Trinidad and Tobago.

Oxysarcodexia major Lopes, 1946. Type locality: Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, Guanabara, Grajaú). Distribution: Brazil (Amapá, Mato Grosso, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima), Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Mexico, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago.

Oxysarcodexia nitida Soares & Mello-Patiu, 2010. Type locality: Peru (Madre de Dios, Avispas). Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Roraima), Peru.

Oxysarcodexia occulta Lopes, 1946. Type locality: Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, Guanabara, Corcovado). Distribution: Brazil (Ceará, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima), Colombia, Ecuador, Panama.

Oxysarcodexia thornax (Walker, 1849) = Musca auriflua Wiedemann, 1830 = Sarcophaga thornax Walker, 1849 = S. pudica Rondani, 1850 = S. aurifinis Walker, 1853 = Hybopygia auricauda Enderlein, 1928 = Oxysarcodexia neotropicale Prado & Fonseca, 1932 = Stackelbergeola papei Nandi, 1994. Type locality: Unknown. Distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Ceará, Distrito Federal, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Paraná, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru.

Oxysarcodexia xanthosoma (Aldrich, 1916) = Sarcophaga xanthosoma Aldrich, 1916. Type locality: Guatemala (Los Amates). Distribution: Argentina, Brazil (Amazonas, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, São Paulo), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Peru.

Genus PECKIA Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830

Subgenus EUBOETTCHERIA Townsend, 1927

= Ctenolioproctia Enderlein, 1928 = Ctenoprosballia Enderlein, 1928 = Neosarcodexia Kreibohm, 1940 = Neosarcodexia Blanchard, 1942.

Peckia (Euboettcheria) anguilla (Curran & Walley, 1934Curran, C.H. 1934. The families and genera o North American Diptera. New York, American Museum Natural History. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/6825.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibl... ) = Sarcophaga anguillaCurran & Walley, 1934Curran, C.H. 1934. The families and genera o North American Diptera. New York, American Museum Natural History. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/6825.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibl... . Type locality: Guyana (Kartabo). Distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Ceará, Distrito Federal, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, São Paulo), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guyana, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago.

Peckia (Euboettcheria) collusor (Curran & Walley, 1934Curran, C.H. 1934. The families and genera o North American Diptera. New York, American Museum Natural History. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/6825.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibl... ) = Sarcophaga collusorCurran & Walley, 1934Curran, C.H. 1934. The families and genera o North American Diptera. New York, American Museum Natural History. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/6825.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibl... . Type locality: Guyana (Kartabo). Distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Distrito Federal, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, Santa Catarina), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guyana, Honduras, Panama, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Subgenus PATTONELLA Enderlein, 1928

Peckia (Pattonella) intermutans (Walker, 1861) = Sarcophaga intermutans Walker, 1861 = S. occipitalis Thomson, 1869 = S. cotyledonea Aldrich, 1916 = Pattonella magnifica Enderlein, 1928. Type locality: Mexico. Distribution: Belize, Brazil (Amazonas, Ceará, Distrito Federal, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Saint Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Subgenus PECKIA Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830

= Phrissopodia Macquart, 1835 = Paraphrissopoda Townsend, 1915 = Chrysostomomyia Townsend, 1931 = Paradiscochaeta Blanchard, 1939.

Peckia (Peckia) chrysostoma (Wiedemann, 1830) = Sarcophaga chrysostoma Wiedemann, 1830 = Musca chrysops Wiedemann, 1830 = Phrissopodia maculata Macquart, 1843 = Stephanostoma townsendi Prado & Fonseca, 1932 = Sarcophaga clothoCurran & Walley, 1934Curran, C.H. 1934. The families and genera o North American Diptera. New York, American Museum Natural History. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/6825.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibl... = S. clotho var. impuraCurran & Walley, 1934Curran, C.H. 1934. The families and genera o North American Diptera. New York, American Museum Natural History. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/6825.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibl... = Chrysostomomyia bergi Blanchard, 1939 = Paraphrissopoda alvesia Lehrer, 2006 = P. hugolopesiana Lehrer, 2006. Type locality: Virgin Islands (St. Thomas). Distribution: Argentina, Bahamas, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Distrito Federal, Goiás, Maranhão, Minas Gerais, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Chile, Cook Islands, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominica, Ecuador, French Polynesia, Galápagos Islands, Guatemala, Guyana, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela, United States, United States Virgin Islands.

Peckia (Peckia) pexata (Wulp, 1895) = Sarcophaga pexata Wulp, 1895 = S. concinnata Williston, 1896 = S. otiosa Williston, 1896 = Paraphrissopoda catiae Lehrer, 2006. Type locality: Mexico (Yucatán). Distribution: Barbados, Bolivia, Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Distrito Federal, Espírito Santo, Maranhão, Minas Gerais, Piauí, Rio de Janeiro, Rondônia, Roraima), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, United States, Venezuela.

Subgenus SARCODEXIA Townsend, 1892

= Cricobrachia Enderlein, 1928.

Peckia (Sarcodexia) lambens (Wiedemann, 1830) = Sarcophaga lambens Wiedemann, 1830 = S. amata Wiedemann, 1830 = S. innota Walker, 1861 = Sarcodexia sternodontis Townsend, 1892 = Sarcophaga pyophila Neiva & Faria, 1913 = S. freirei Mattos, 1919 = Cricobrachia anisitsiana Enderlein, 1928 = Liopygia tesselata Enderlein, 1928 = Ctenoprosballia butantani Prado & Fonseca, 1932 = Sarcodexia anisitsiana var. minuta Kreibohm, 1940 = S. anisitsiana var. diminuta Blanchard, 1942. Type locality: West Indies. Distribution: Argentina, Bahamas, Bolivia, Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Ceará, Distrito Federal, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Cayman Islands, Chile, Colombia, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Polynesia, Galápagos Islands, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, United States, Venezuela.

Peckia (Sarcodexia) tridentata (Hall, 1937) = Sarcophaga tridentata Hall, 1937 = Euboettcheria alvarengai Lopes & Tibana, 1982. Type locality: Brazil (Obrilonys [unidentified place]). Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Roraima), Colombia, Ecuador.

Subgenus SQUAMATODES Curran, 1927

= Squamata Curran, 1928 = Adiscochaeta Enderlein, 1928 = Guanoxipha Lehrer, 2012.

Peckia (Squamatodes) ingens (Walker, 1849) = Sarcophaga ingens Walker, 1849 = Adiscochaeta abnormis Enderlein, 1928 = Squamata bicapitata Townsend, 1931. Type locality: Unknown. Distribution: Argentina, Belize, Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Distrito Federal, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima, São Paulo), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guyana, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Venezuela.

Genus RAVINIA Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863

= Punasarcophaga Townsend, 1915 = Andinoravinia Townsend, 1917 = Chaetoravinia Townsend, 1917 = Euravinia Townsend, 1917 = Miltoravinia Townsend, 1917 = Trixosarcophaga Townsend, 1917 = Catasarcophaga Townsend, 1927 = Engelina Enderlein, 1928.

Ravinia belforti (Prado & Fonseca, 1932) = Euravinia belforti Prado & Fonseca, 1932 = Dienchaeta auriceps Enderlein, 1928. Type locality: Brazil (São Paulo, São Paulo). Distribution: Argentina, Brazil (Ceará, Distrito Federal, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, São Paulo), Colombia, Paraguay, Trinidad and Tobago.

Ravinia effrenata (Walker, 1861) = Sarcophaga effrenata Walker, 1861 = S. xanthopyga Wulp, 1895 = S. conjungens Wulp, 1895 = S. adamsii Hall, 1928. Type locality: Mexico. Distribution: Bahamas, Brazil (Maranhão, Roraima), Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Peru, United States.

Genus RETROCITOMYIA Lopes, 1982

Retrocitomyia retrocita (Hall, 1933) = Sarcophaga retrocita Hall, 1933 = Paraphrissopoda setifacies Lopes, 1945 = Peckia irwini Dodge, 1966. Type locality: Panama (Corazal). Distribution: Brazil (Espírito Santo, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Roraima), Colombia, El Salvador, Guyana, Panama, Peru.

Genus SARCOFAHRTIOPSIS Hall, 1930

= Cataphyto Townsend, 1935.

Sarcofahrtiopsis cuneata (Townsend, 1935) = Cataphyto cuneata Townsend, 1935. Type locality: Brazil (Pernambuco, Tapéra). Distribution: Argentina, Brazil (Amazonas, Ceará, Maranhão, Pará, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima), Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominica, Ecuador, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Genus TITANOGRYPA Townsend, 1860

Subgenus CUCULLOMYIA Roback, 1954

Titanogrypa (Cucullomyia) alvarengai (Lopes, 1976) = Cuculomyia alvarengai Lopes, 1976. Type locality: Brazil (Roraima, Surumu). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima).

Genus TRICHARAEA Thomson, 1869

Subgenus SARCOPHAGULA Wulp, 1887

= Sarcophilodes Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 = Pseudosarcophagula Townsend, 1927 = Desvoidyella Enderlein, 1928 = Anapunaphyto Dodge, 1968.

Tricharaea (Sarcophagula) apicata (Dodge, 1968) = Anapunaphyto apicata Dodge, 1968. Type locality: Panama (Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island). Distribution: Brazil (Roraima), Panama.

Tricharaea (Sarcophagula) occidua (Fabricius, 1794) = Musca occidua Fabricius, 1794 = Tachina pusilla Wiedemann, 1830 = Sarcophaga sugens Wiedemann, 1830 = S. parvula Wiedemann, 1830 = S. parva Walker, 1853 = S. despecta Thomson, 1869 = Sarcophagula imbecilla Wulp, 1896. Type locality: West Indies [‘Americae meridionalis’]. Distribution: Argentina, Australia, Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Ceará, Distrito Federal, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, São Paulo), Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Polynesia, Galápagos Islands, Guyana, Haiti, Hawaii, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, United States, Venezuela.

Tricharaea (Sarcophagula) ramirezi (Lopes, 1990) = Anapunaphyto ramirezi Lopes, 1990. Type locality: Venezuela (Los Lanos). Distribution: Brazil (Minas Gerais, Roraima), Venezuela.

DISCUSSION

This study brings several advances to the comprehension of Amazon biodiversity. They are summarized in Table 1. Besides the studies covering the dipterofauna in the early 1990s, there are checklists of the arachnids (ICMBio, 2021Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio). 2021. Website of the Estação Ecológica de Maracá. Available: Available: https://www.icmbio.gov.br/portal/esec-de-maraca . Access: 25/09/2021.
https://www.icmbio.gov.br/portal/esec-de... ; Aguiar & Bührnheim, 1991Aguiar, N.O. & Bührnheim, P.F. 1991. Pseudoscorpiões foréticos de Stenodontes spinibarbis (Lin., 1758) (Coleoptera) e redescrição de Lechytia chthoniiformis (Balzan, 1890) (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae) da Ilha de Maracá - Roraima. Acta Amazonica, 21: 425-433. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211433.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Linardi et al., 1991Linardi, P.M.; Botelho, J.R.; Rafael, J.A.; Valle, C.M.C.; Cunha, A. & Machado, P.A.R. 1991. Ectoparasitos de pequenos mamíferos da Ilha de Maracá, Roraima, Brasil. I. Ectoparasitofauna, registros geográficos e de hospedeiros. Acta Amazonica , 21: 131-140. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211140.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), annelids (Righi, 1990Righi, G. 1990. Oligochaeta da Estação Ecológica de Maracá, Roraima, Brasil. Acta Amazonica , 21: 391-398. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921990201398.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), bryophytes (Yano, 1992Yano, O. 1992. Briófitas da Ilha de Maracá, Roraima, Brasil. Acta Amazonica , 22(4): 535-539. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921992224539.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), fungi (Cavalcanti et al., 1999Cavalcanti, L.H.; Santo, E.J. & Gomes, N.A. 1999. Myxomycetes do Estado de Roraima, com especial referência para a Estação Ecológica de Maracá (Amajari-RR, Brasil). Acta Amazonica , 29(2): 195-200. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921999292200.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), and vertebrates (ICMBio, 2021Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio). 2021. Website of the Estação Ecológica de Maracá. Available: Available: https://www.icmbio.gov.br/portal/esec-de-maraca . Access: 25/09/2021.
https://www.icmbio.gov.br/portal/esec-de... ; Taddei & Reis, 1980Taddei, V.A. & Reis, N.R. 1980. Notas sobre alguns morcegos da ilha de Maracá, Território Federal de Roraima (Mammalia, Chiroptera). Acta Amazonica , 8: 363-368. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921980102363.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Linardi et al., 1991Linardi, P.M.; Botelho, J.R.; Rafael, J.A.; Valle, C.M.C.; Cunha, A. & Machado, P.A.R. 1991. Ectoparasitos de pequenos mamíferos da Ilha de Maracá, Roraima, Brasil. I. Ectoparasitofauna, registros geográficos e de hospedeiros. Acta Amazonica , 21: 131-140. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211140.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ). Hence, this study updates the Diptera information, but the gap of knowledge is still large and awaits additional studies.

The main difference between this study and the one performed by Rafael (1991Rafael, J.A. 1991. Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: lista complementar. Acta Amazonica , 21: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921991211336.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) is the addition of 24 families distributed on Ilha de Maracá. The total diversity considering the studies of 1991 and 2015 is of 47 families of Diptera with records to the ESEC Maracá. All genera sampled in the 2015’s expedition of 10 families - Bibionidae, Cecidomyiidae, Keroplatidae, Scatopsidae, Mythicomyiidae, Curtonotidae, Ephydridae, Agromyzidae, Pyrgotidae, and Anthomyiidae - are firstly recorded to the state of Roraima or to Brazil (see Table 1), which is a great advance in the taxonomy of the Brazilian flies. Also, only three families - Sciomyzidae, Calliphoridae, and Mesembrinelidae - have neither new records nor species assigned to a specific epithet.

The role of the lavrado physiognomy in the Amazonian ecosystem is still poorly understood in terms of its endemic fauna. Only half of the identified families of flies (22) were sampled in the savanna (site 4); about 6.9% of the species (29) were restricted to lavrado, and 12.8% of the taxa (54) were also found in forested areas (Fig. 5). These numbers could indicate that, although the forested areas of IIha de Maracá harbor the majority of flies (337), the low number of shared fauna denotes that the savanna physiognomy might play an important role in the maintenance of part of the Roraima diversity. However, further studies to compare the Diptera diversity of the two physiognomies are needed to confirm this assumption, as the methodology used to sample the Diptera fauna did not aimed it. Examining the ESEC map (Fig. 1), it is possible to realize that the forested areas (collecting sites: 1-3; 4-9) were much more prospected with Malaises traps than the lavrado (only collecting site 4) and consequently there were different collecting efforts between them. As a result, for example, the greatest diversity of bee flies (Bombyliidae) identified in the forested areas of the ESEC, although this family is known to be more abundant in open and arid areas of the world, should be herein interpreted as an artefact of the sampling method.

Figure 5
Graph of species distribution by physiognomy and abundance of each family of Diptera based on the 2015’s ESEC Maracá expedition. The orange bar represents the diversity present only in the lavrado (site 4); the yellow bar represents the diversity present both in the lavrado and in the forest; the green bar represents the diversity present only in the forest (remaining sites).

Efforts in knowing the diversity associated with natural landscapes are always needed since habitat loss is becoming inevitable. Monitoring biodiversity through continued inventories is an important task because, as our study shows, it substantially increases the diversity knowledge and provides means for defining priority areas for conservation.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We are grateful to Mateus Henrique Santos (UEPG) for providing the map of Fig. 1 and the remaining collecting members of the survey - Lívia Pinheiro (MZUSP), Gabriel Biffi (MZUSP), and Iran Mandulão, along with Luciana Pacca and the ICMBio team. R.L.F. is grateful to Laura Rocha Prado (Arizona University) for the keroplatid specimens from Caracaraí (Roraima, Brazil). D.D.D.C. is grateful to the Laboratory of Systematic and Diversity from UFABC and T.P.L.P. is grateful to the Institute of Biosciences of the University of São Paulo and Silvio Nihei (USP) for giving conditions and structure for the identification of specimens. M.S. and S.L. thank the Postgraduate Program in Entomology ESALQ/USP. R.S.C. thanks Márcio Oliveira and Matheus Soares (Manaus, Brazil), who kindly provided photos of specimens identified for the 1991 paper on the insects of IIha de Maracá. L.H.G.-A. and V.R.S. thank Caio C.D. Corrêa (MNRJ), C.J.B.C. thanks João M. Fogaça (UFPR), and S.S.O. thanks Welinton R. Lopes (UFG) for the photos of the specimens. We also thank the anonymous reviewers and the academic editor for improving the manuscript.

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FUNDING INFORMATION: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (C.A.M.P., grant #308951/2018-2; C.J.B.C., grant #309873/2016-9; C.J.E.L., grant #302751/2019-0; D.D.D.C., grant #151205/2021-3; D.A.F., grants #444338/2018-7 and #300707/2019-3; D.S.A., grant #440549/2015-9; M.S.G., grants #163876/2017-7 and #314120/2018-1; R.S.C., grant #429984/2016-2; S.S.O., grant #428471/2016-1), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) (D.A.F. postdoctoral scholarship grant #88887.473150/2020-00; J.R.S. and M.A.M. PhD scholarship; P.R.R. postdoctoral fellowship from the Program Acordo CAPES/CNPQ - PROTAX II - grants #440482/2015-1, #176040/2018-00, and #333912/2019-00; R.L.F. CAPES - Finance Code 001), the Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) (L.H.G.-A., grant #E-26/200.083/2019; C.A.M.P., grant #E-26/200.078/2019), and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) (D.A.F., grant #2014/05793-1; D.S.A., grants #2016/50369-9 and #2021/08713-2; G.P., grant #2016/02475-4; H.F.F., grant #2018/14504-4; M.A.T.M., grant #2012/23200-2; P.R.R., grant #2012/12843-0; R.L.F., grant #2013/16524-9).
Published with the financial support of the "Programa de Apoio às Publicações Científicas Periódicas da USP"

Edited by

EDITED BY: Kirstern Lica Follmann Haseyama.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
16 May 2022
Date of issue
2022

History

Received
24 May 2021
Accepted
06 Jan 2022
Published
10 Mar 2022

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License

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Family	genera				species				m. or cf. col.	specialist
Family	RR	col.	n.r. RR	n.r. BR	RR	col.	n.r. RR	n.r. BR	m. or cf. col.	specialist
Simuliidae	1	1	0	0	27	1	0	0	1	L.H.G.-A.
Bibionidae	1	1	1	0	0	0	n.a.	n.a.	1	D.S.-P., R.L.F.
Cecidomyiidae	5	5	4	1	0	0	n.a.	n.a.	8	M.V.U.-G.
Keroplatidae	12	11	9	2	0	0	n.a.	n.a.	11	R.L.F., E.M.A.
Mycetophilidae	14	13	12	0	3	1	1	0	48	S.S.O.
Scatopsidae	1	1	0	1	0	0	n.a.	n.a.	1	D.S.A.
Bombyliidae	11	10	2	0	13	8	1	0	7	C.Y., C.J.E.L.
Mythicomyiidae	1	1	0	1	0	0	n.a.	n.a.	1	C.J.E.L., C.Y.
Tabanidae	19	5	0	0	49	18	2	0	0	D.D.D.C.
Stratiomyidae	22	14	3	0	36	24	8	2	10	D.A.F.
Xylomyidae	2	2	1	0	2	2	1	0	2	D.A.F.
Dolichopodidae	14	9	3	1	19	12	2	3	14	R.S.C.
Empididae	3	1	0	0	10	0	n.a.	n.a.	1	J.A.R.
Hybotidae	6	6	4	1	1	1	0	0	8	R.A.-R.
Phoridae	12	9	5	0	27	5	3	2	10	T.P.L.P.
Pipunculidae	7	3	0	0	19	0	n.a.	n.a.	3	J.A.R., R.A.-R., D.W.A.M.
Syrphidae	31	6	1	0	53	6	1	0	4	M.N.M.
Chloropidae	20	20	11	5	9	6	3	0	31	P.R.R.
Milichiidae	6	5	0	2	0	0	n.a.	n.a.	23	H.F.F.
Curtonotidae	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	0	P.R.R., R.M.
Drosophilidae	12	12	11	0	16	12	10	0	18	M.S.G., G.P.
Ephydridae	10	10	7	3	0	0	n.a.	n.a.	11	G.P., P.R.R.
Lauxaniidae	10	8	7	0	13	10	6	2	10	V.C.S.
Micropezidae	9	4	0	0	28	1	0	0	5	A.P.-C., G.B.F.
Neriidae	2	1	1	0	3	1	1	0	0	A.P.-C.
Agromyzidae	3	3	3	0	0	0	n.a.	n.a.	4	V.C.S.
Odiniidae	1	1	0	0	1	0	n.a.	n.a.	1	H.F.F.
Periscelididae	2	2	2	0	1	1	1	0	1	P.R.R.
Ropalomeridae	2	2	1	0	2	1	1	0	1	R.A.-R.
Sepsidae	4	3	1	0	11	4	2	0	0	V.C.S.
Pyrgotidae	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	R.M.
Richardiidae	5	3	0	0	4	3	1	0	1	M.S., S.L.
Sciomyzidae	1	1	0	0	2	1	0	0	0	M.S., S.L.
Tephritidae	5	1	0	0	30	6	1	0	0	M.S., S.L.
Ulidiidae	9	7	2	0	12	7	3	0	7	M.S., S.L.
Anthomyiidae	2	2	2	0	2	2	2	0	0	C.J.B.C., L.R.P.G.
Calliphoridae	7	3	0	0	11	3	0	0	0	M.A.T.M., L.V.V.
Fanniidae	1	1	0	0	4	1	0	0	1	C.J.B.C., L.R.P.G.
Mesembrinellidae	1	1	0	0	4	1	0	0	0	M.A.T.M.
Muscidae	21	9	2	0	25	6	3	0	8	C.J.B.C., L.R.P.G.
Sarcophagidae	15	12	2	0	50	28	12	2	7	C.A.M.-P., J.R.S., M.A.M.

	Family	Taxon	Sampling sites									Depository
	Family	Taxon	1	2	3	4	5	6	6	8	9	Depository
Culicomorpha	Simuliidae	Simulium (Psaroniocompsa) oyapockense/roraimense	x	x		x						MNRJ
Culicomorpha	Simuliidae	Simulium sp. 1				x	x					MNRJ
Bibionomorpha	Bibionidae^*	^*Plecia sp. 1				x			x			MZUSP
	Cecidomyiidae^*	^**Enallodiplosis sp. 1					x					MZUSP
		^*Lopesia sp. 1					x					MZUSP
		Lopesia sp. 2					x					MZUSP
		Lopesia sp. 3				x						MZUSP
		^*Stomatosema sp. 1					x					MZUSP
		Stomatosema sp. 2					x					MZUSP
		^*Dasineura sp. 1					x					MZUSP
		^*Neolasioptera sp. 1					x					MZUSP
	Keroplatidae^*	^*Heteropterna sp. 1				x	x					MZUSP
		^*Keroplatus sp. 1					x					MZUSP
		^*Neoceroplatus sp. 1					x					MZUSP
		^*Neoditomyia sp. 1				x						MZUSP
		^*Neoplatyura sp. 1			x		x					MZUSP
		^*Placoceratias sp. 1					x					MZUSP
		^*Proceroplatus sp. 1				x	x					MZUSP
		^*Taulyrpa sp. 1				x						MZUSP
		^**Undescribed genus 1				x	x					MZUSP
		^**Undescribed genus 2				x						MZUSP
		^*Xenoplatyura sp. 1					x		x			MZUSP
	Mycetophilidae	^*Boraceomyia sp. 1				x						ZUFG
		Boraceomyia sp. 2					x		x			ZUFG
		Cluzobra sp. 1							x			ZUFG
		^* Dziedzickia oiampensis ^*							x			ZUFG
		Dziedzickia sp. 1	x		x							ZUFG
		Dziedzickia sp. 2			x							ZUFG
		Dziedzickia sp. 3							x			ZUFG
		Dziedzickia sp. 4							x			ZUFG
		^*Epicypta sp. 1			x							ZUFG
		Epicypta sp. 2			x							ZUFG
		Epicypta sp. 3			x							ZUFG
		Epicypta sp. 4			x							ZUFG
		Epicypta sp. 5	x			x	x					ZUFG
		Epicypta sp. 6	x			x						ZUFG
		Epicypta sp. 7	x			x	x		x			ZUFG
		Epicypta sp. 8		x		x	x		x			ZUFG
		Epicypta sp. 9				x	x		x			ZUFG
		Epicypta sp. 10					x		x			ZUFG
		Epicypta sp. 11					x		x			ZUFG
		Epicypta sp. 12					x		x			ZUFG
		Epicypta sp. 13							x			ZUFG
		Epicypta sp. 14							x			ZUFG
		Epicypta sp. 15							x			ZUFG
		Epicypta sp. 16							x			ZUFG
		^*Leia sp. 1	x	x								ZUFG
		Leia sp. 2	x									ZUFG
		Leia sp. 3							x			ZUFG
		Leia sp. 4							x			ZUFG
		Leia sp. 5							x			ZUFG
		Leia sp. 6							x			ZUFG
		^*Leiella sp. 1					x		x			ZUFG
		^*Manota sp. 1							x			ZUFG
		^*Monoclona sp. 1			x							ZUFG
		Monoclona sp. 2					x					ZUFG
		^*Mycetophila sp. 1			x							ZUFG
		Mycetophila sp. 2			x							ZUFG
		Mycetophila sp. 3			x							ZUFG
		Mycetophila sp. 4	x	x								ZUFG
		Mycetophila sp. 5	x									ZUFG
		Mycetophila sp. 6							x			ZUFG
		^*Mycomya sp. 1				x						ZUFG
		^*Neallodia sp. 1	x						x			ZUFG
		Neallodia sp. 2					x		x			ZUFG
		^*Neoempheria sp. 1	x									ZUFG
Neoempheria sp. 2					x						ZUFG
Neoempheria sp. 3					x						ZUFG
Neoempheria sp. 4						x					ZUFG
^*Sceptonia sp. 1				x							ZUFG
Sceptonia sp. 2								x			ZUFG
Scatopsidae^*	^**Efcookella sp. 1					x					MZUSP
Asiloidea	Bombyliidae	Anthrax angustiopennis					x					MZUSP
		Anthrax georgicus					x					MZUSP
		Anthrax luctuosus				x	x					MZUSP
		Anthrax oedipus					x					MZUSP
		^*Chrysanthrax sp. 1					x		x			MZUSP
		^*Exoprosopa sp. 1					x					MZUSP
		Geron albicus	x				x					MZUSP
		Nya maracaensis				x	x					MZUSP
		Nya proserpina				x	x					MZUSP
		Poecilognathus sp. 1	x				x					MZUSP
		Poecilognathus sp. 2	x						x			MZUSP
		Poecilognathus sp. 3	x			x						MZUSP
		Poecilognathus sp. 4			x		x					MZUSP
		Toxophora leucon ^*					x					MZUSP
		Villa sp. 1				x	x					MZUSP
	Mythicomyiidae^*	^**Glabellula sp. 1					x					MZUSP
Tabanomorpha	Tabanidae	Chrysops variegatus					x					MZUSP
		Dichelacera marginata				x						MZUSP
		Esenbeckia prasiniventris					x					MZUSP
		Selasoma tibiale					x					MZUSP
		Tabanus angustifrons					x					MZUSP
		Tabanus antarcticus					x					MZUSP
		Tabanus callosus			x	x			x			MZUSP
		Tabanus claripennis				x						MZUSP
		Tabanus guyanensis ^*					x					MZUSP
		Tabanus importunus				x	x					MZUSP
		Tabanus lineifrons	x				x					MZUSP
		Tabanus nebulosus					x					MZUSP
		Tabanus nematocallus							x			MZUSP
		Tabanus occidentalis	x			x	x					MZUSP
		Tabanus pellucidus							x			MZUSP
		Tabanus piceiventris					x					MZUSP
		Tabanus trivittatus							x			MZUSP
		Tabanus kwatta ^*				x						MZUSP
Stratiomyomorpha	Stratiomyidae	^* Acrochaeta stigmata ^*							x			MZUSP
		Chaetohermetia apicalis		x								MZUSP
		Chordonota sp. 1					x					MZUSP
		Chrysochlorina castanea							x			MZUSP
		Chrysochlorina varia			x				x			MZUSP
		Cyphomyia pulchella ^*				x			x			MZUSP
		Cyphomyia wiedemanni				x						MZUSP
		Hermetia albitarsis				x	x		x			MZUSP
		Hermetia flavipes		x	x	x	x		x			MZUSP
		Hermetia illucens		x			x					MZUSP
		Hermetia pulchra							x			MZUSP
		Hermetia sp. 1					x		x			MZUSP
		^* Heteracanthia ruficornis ^*							x			MZUSP
		^*Lyprotemyia sp. 1							x			MZUSP
		Merosargus cingulatus ^*		x	x				x			MZUSP
		Merosargus c‑nigrum^* ^*							x			MZUSP
		Merosargus gracilis		x			x		x			MZUSP
		Merosargus nebulifer			x		x		x			MZUSP
		Merosargus stamineus ^*		x	x							MZUSP
		Merosargus vertebratus^* ^*							x			MZUSP
		Merosargus sp. 1							x			MZUSP
		Merosargus sp. 2							x			MZUSP
		Merosargus sp. 3							x			MZUSP
		Microchrysa bicolor			x				x			MZUSP
		Popanomyia femoralis ^*							x			MZUSP
		Promeranisa nasuta									x	MZUSP
		Ptecticus testaceus				x						MZUSP
		Ptecticus sp. 1							x			MZUSP
		Ptecticus sp. 2							x			MZUSP
		Sargus brasiliensis ^*							x			MZUSP
		Sargus fasciatus	x			x	x		x			MZUSP
		Sargus thoracicus ^*				x	x					MZUSP
		Sargus sp. 1				x	x		x			MZUSP
		Sargus sp. 2					x					MZUSP
	Xylomyidae	Arthropeina diadelothorax ^*							x			MZUSP
		Arthropeina lindneri							x			MZUSP
		^*Solva sp. 1							x			MZUSP
		Solva sp. 2					x		x			MZUSP
Empidoidea	Dolichopodidae	^* Achradocera apicalis ^*					x					MZUSP
		Chrysotus brevicornis					x					MZUSP
		Chrysotus crosbyi ^*					x					MZUSP
		Chrysotus flavipes^* ^*					x					MZUSP
		Chrysotus mundus^* ^*	x		x	x	x		x	x		MZUSP
		Chrysotus spectabilis					x					MZUSP
		Chrysotus sp. 1					x		x			MZUSP
		Chrysotus sp. 2				x						MZUSP
		Chrysotus sp. 3	x				x					MZUSP
		Chrysotus sp. 4					x					MZUSP
		Chrysotus sp. 5					x					MZUSP
		Condylostylus longicornis					x					MZUSP
		Condylostylus sp. 1				x						MZUSP
		Condylostylus sp. 2				x						MZUSP
		Lyroneurus suavis	x				x				x	MZUSP
		Paraclius parvulus					x					MZUSP
		Paraclius sagittatus					x					MZUSP
		Paraclius sp. 1	x			x	x					MZUSP
		Paraclius sp. 2				x						MZUSP
		Paraclius sp. 3					x					MZUSP
		Paraclius sp. 4				x						MZUSP
		Paraclius sp. 5					x					MZUSP
		Pelastoneurus argentiferus					x					MZUSP
		^*Thrypticus sp. 1					x					MZUSP
		^* Viridigona albisigna^* ^*					x					MZUSP
		^**Xanthina sp. 1					x					MZUSP
	Empididae	Opeatocerata sp. 1					x					INPA
	Hybotidae	^**Baeodromia sp. 1							x			INPA
		^*Drapetis sp. 1					x					INPA
		Drapetis sp. 2					x		x			INPA
		^*Elaphropeza sp. 1					x					INPA
		Elaphropeza sp. 2		x			x		x			INPA
		^*Euhybus sp. 1					x					INPA
		^*Micrempis sp. 1					x					INPA
		Micrempis sp. 2					x					INPA
		Syneches moraballi					x					INPA
Phoroidea	Phoridae	Apocephalus sp. 1				x	x		x			MZUSP
		Apocephalus sp. 2					x					MZUSP
		Apocephalus sp. 3					x					MZUSP
		Apocephalus sp. 4							x			MZUSP
		Apocephalus sp. 5				x						MZUSP
		^*Chaetocnemistoptera sp. 1					x					MZUSP
		^*Cremersia sp. 1		x		x	x					MZUSP
		Coniceromyia auristriata^* ^*					x					MZUSP
		Coniceromyia pilipleura^* ^*					x					MZUSP
		Dohrniphora sp. 1		x		x	x					MZUSP
		Eibesfeldtphora declinata ^*					x					MZUSP
		^* Megaselia scalaris ^*		x								MZUSP
		^* Myrmosicarius grandicornis ^*					x					MZUSP
		^*Pseudacteon sp. 1					x					MZUSP
		Pseudacteon sp. 2					x					MZUSP
Syrphoidea	Pipunculidae	Elmohardyia sp. 1					x					INPA
		Tomosvaryella sp. 1					x					INPA
		Tomosvaryella sp. 2					x					INPA
	Syrphidae	Copestylum sp. 1					x					CEUFLA
		Microdon (Chymophila) sp. 1					x					CEUFLA
		Ocyptamus antiphates					x					CEUFLA
		Ocyptamus dimidiatus	x									CEUFLA
		Palpada scutellaris					x					CEUFLA
		^*Stipomorpha sp. 1					x					CEUFLA
		Toxomerus lacrymosus				x						CEUFLA
		Toxomerus pictus					x					CEUFLA
		Toxomerus pulchellus				x	x					CEUFLA
		Toxomerus sp. 1					x					CEUFLA
		Toxomerus virgulatus ^*					x					CEUFLA
Carnoidea	Chloropidae	Apallates sp. 1		x		x	x		x			MZUSP
		Apallates sp. 2				x	x					MZUSP
		^*Apotropina sp. 1									x	MZUSP
		^**Cadrema sp. 1									x	MZUSP
		^*Conioscinella sp. 1		x			x		x			MZUSP
		Conioscinella sp. 2		x								MZUSP
		Conioscinella sp. 3	x				x					MZUSP
		^*Ectecephala sp. 1				x	x					MZUSP
		Ectecephala sp. 2					x					MZUSP
		^*Eugaurax sp. 1				x						MZUSP
		^*Fiebrigella sp. 1				x			x			MZUSP
		Goniaspis subequalis							x			MZUSP
		^* Hippelates pseudodorsalis ^*				x	x				x	MZUSP
		^**Incertella sp. 1		x		x						MZUSP
		^* Liohippelates currani ^*				x				x		MZUSP
		^**Malloewia sp. 1			x							MZUSP
		^*Medeventor sp. 1				x					x	MZUSP
		^*Notaulacella sp. 1							x			MZUSP
		Notaulacella sp. 2							x			MZUSP
		^*Olcella sp. 1		x			x		x			MZUSP
		Olcella sp. 2		x			x		x			MZUSP
		Olcella sp. 3		x			x		x			MZUSP
		Olcella sp. 4							x			MZUSP
		Olcella sp. 5							x			MZUSP
		^*Onychaspidium sp. 1							x			MZUSP
		^**Oscinella sp. 1	x									MZUSP
		^**Pseudeurina sp. 1					x					MZUSP
		Pseudeurina sp. 2					x					MZUSP
		Pseudeurina sp. 3				x						MZUSP
		Pseudogaurax cingulatus					x					MZUSP
		Pseudogaurax cf.higginsi					x					MZUSP
		Pseudogaurax longilineatus ^*					x					MZUSP
		Pseudogaurax sp. 1			x							MZUSP
		Pseudogaurax sp. 2							x			MZUSP
		Tricimba sp. 1		x								MZUSP
		Tricimba sp. 2							x			MZUSP
	Milichiidae	^**Milichia sp. 1					x					MZUSP
		Milichia sp. 2							x			MZUSP
		Milichiella sp. 1					x					MZUSP
		Milichiella sp. 2					x		x			MZUSP
		Milichiella sp. 3	x				x					MZUSP
		Milichiella sp. 4				x						MZUSP
		Paramyia sp. 1				x	x					MZUSP
		Paramyia sp. 2				x	x		x			MZUSP
		Paramyia sp. 3					x					MZUSP
		Paramyia sp. 4			x	x						MZUSP
		Paramyia sp. 5				x						MZUSP
		Paramyia sp. 6				x						MZUSP
		Paramyia sp. 7				x						MZUSP
		Pholeomyia sp. 1		x			x					MZUSP
		Pholeomyia sp. 2		x								MZUSP
		Pholeomyia sp. 3				x	x		x			MZUSP
		Pholeomyia sp. 4				x						MZUSP
		Pholeomyia sp. 5					x					MZUSP
		Pholeomyia sp. 6					x					MZUSP
		Pholeomyia sp. 7					x		x			MZUSP
		Pholeomyia sp. 8					x					MZUSP
		^**Phyllomyza sp. 1				x	x					MZUSP
		Phyllomyza sp. 2					x					MZUSP
Ephydroidea	Curtonotidae^*	^* Curtonotum abrelatas^* ^*		x			x		x			MZUSP & ZUFMS
	Drosophilidae	^*Cladochaeta sp. 1							x			MZUSP
		Drosophila araicas ^*		x					x			MZUSP
		Drosophila ararama ^*	x	x					x			MZUSP
		Drosophila fulvimacula ^*		x					x			MZUSP
		Drosophila malerkotliana ^*		x					x			MZUSP
		Drosophila nebulosa		x		x						MZUSP
		Drosophila polymorpha		x								MZUSP
		Drosophila sp. 1 (saltans group)					x					MZUSP
		Drosophila sp. 2 (saltans group)		x			x					MZUSP
		Drosophila sp. 3 (repleta group)		x			x					MZUSP
		Drosophila sp. 4 (willistoni subgroup)	x	x								MZUSP
		Drosophila sp. 5 (bromeliae group)		x								MZUSP
		^*Hirtodrosophila sp. 1					x					MZUSP
		Hirtodrosophila sp. 2		x								MZUSP
		^*Leucophenga sp. 1		x			x		x			MZUSP
		Leucophenga sp. 2		x								MZUSP
		^*Microdrosophila sp. 1							x			MZUSP
		^*Paramycodrosophila sp. 1		x								MZUSP
		^* Pseudiastata pseudococcivora ^*					x					MZUSP
		^* Rhinoleucophenga lopesi ^*				x	x					MZUSP
		Rhinoleucophenga punctuata ^*		x								MZUSP
		Rhinoleucophenga sp. 1					x					MZUSP
		^*Scaptomyza sp. 1		x					x			MZUSP
		^*Stegana sp. 1							x			MZUSP
		^* Zaprionus indianus ^*				x						MZUSP
		^* Zygothrica bilineata ^*		x								MZUSP
		Zygothrica prodispar ^*		x								MZUSP
		Zygothrica sp. 1	x	x				x				MZUSP
		Zygothrica sp. 2		x								MZUSP
		Zygothrica sp. 3		x								MZUSP
	Ephydridae^*	^*Athyroglossa sp. 1					x					MZUSP
		Athyroglossa sp. 2							x			MZUSP
		^**Atissa sp. 1		x								MZUSP
		^*Lamproclasiopa cf.equadoriensis		x			x					MZUSP
		^*Leptopsilopa sp. 1					x					MZUSP
		^**Lytogaster sp. 1					x					MZUSP
		^**Mosillus sp. 1					x					MZUSP
		^*Nostima cf.cinnamea					x					MZUSP
		^*Ochthera sp. 1									x	MZUSP
		^*Paralimma (Paralimma) sp. 1					x		x			MZUSP
		^*Zeros sp. 1				x						MZUSP
Lauxanioidea	Lauxaniidae	^* Allominettia geniseta^* ^*		x								MZUSP
		Allominettia sp. 1		x								MZUSP
		Allominettia sp. 2					x					MZUSP
		^* Chaetominettia corollae ^*							x			MZUSP
		Chaetominettia spinitibia^* ^*					x					MZUSP
		^* Marmarodeceia marmorata ^*							x			MZUSP
		Marmarodeceia sp. 1					x					MZUSP
		Neogriphoneura striatifrons ^*							x			MZUSP
		Neogriphoneura tertia							x			MZUSP
		Neogriphoneura timida							x			MZUSP
		^*Physegenua sp. 1					x					MZUSP
		^*Poecilominettia sp. 1 (effosa group)^*					x					MZUSP
		Poecilominettia sp. 2		x			x		x			MZUSP
		Poecilominettia sp. 3		x								MZUSP
		Poecilominettia zebroides ^*		x								MZUSP
		^* Setulina geminata ^*							x			MZUSP
		^* Xenochaetina flavipennis ^*		x								MZUSP
		Xenochaetina sp. 1		x	x				x			MZUSP
		Xenochaetina sp. 2		x								MZUSP
		Xenochaetina sp. 3							x			MZUSP
Nerioidea	Micropezidae	Poecilotylus sp. 1		x								DSEC
		Ptilosphen sp. 1					x					DSEC
		Rainieria sp. 1					x					DSEC
		Rainieria sp. 2		x								DSEC
		Taeniaptera lasciva					x					DSEC
		Taeniaptera sp. 1					x					DSEC
	Neriidae	^* Nerius pilifer ^*		x					x			DSEC
Opomyzoidea	Agromyzidae^*	^*Agromyza sp. 1					x					MNRJ
		^*Calycomyza sp. 1					x					MNRJ
		^*Liriomyza sp. 1				x	x					MNRJ
		Liriomyza sp. 2									x	MNRJ
	Odiniidae	Odinia sp. 1					x					MZUSP
	Periscelididae	^* Neoscutops cariri ^*							x			MZUSP & INPA
	Periscelididae	^*Stenomicra sp. 1							x			MZUSP
Sciomyzoidea	Ropalomeridae	^* Lenkokroeberia chryserea ^*					x					INPA
	Ropalomeridae	Willistoniella cf.ulyssesi		x								INPA
	Sepsidae	Archisepsis discolor		x								MZUSP
		Archisepsis diversiformis ^*		x								MZUSP
		^* Meropliosepsis sexsetosa ^*		x					x			MZUSP
		Microsepsis furcata		x			x		x			MZUSP
Tephritoidea	Pyrgotidae^*	^* Pyrgota longipes ^*	x									MZUSP
	Richardiidae	Coilometopia trimaculata		x		x	x					MELQ
		Odontomera sp. 1					x					MELQ
		Richardia podagrica ^*		x			x		x			MELQ
	Sciomyzidae	Thecomyia lateralis		x								MELQ
	Tephritidae	Anastrepha bahiensis		x					x			MELQ
		Anastrepha fraterculus		x								MELQ
		Anastrepha leptozona		x								MELQ
		Anastrepha pickeli ^*		x								MELQ
		Anastrepha rafaeli		x								MELQ
		Anastrepha serpentina		x								MELQ
	Ulidiidae	Acrosticta sp. 1		x			x	x				MELQ
		Acrosticta sp. 2		x			x	x				MELQ
		Acrosticta sp. 3		x								MELQ
		Acrosticta sp. 4		x			x					MELQ
		Axiologina ferrumequinum		x			x	x				MELQ
		Euxesta sp. 1				x						MELQ
		Euxesta sp. 2					x					MELQ
		Euxesta sp. 3					x					MELQ
		Notogramma cimiciforme					x					MELQ
		^* Paragorgopis euryale ^*		x				x	x			MELQ
		^* Rhyparella decempunctata ^*		x					x			MELQ
		Xanthacrona bipustulata	x	x				x	x			MELQ
		Xanthacrona phyllochaeta		x		x	x					MELQ
		Xanthacrona tuberosa ^*		x								MELQ
Calyptratae	Anthomyiidae^*	^* Coenosopsia michelseni ^*					x					DZUP
	Anthomyiidae^*	^* Phaonantho benevola ^*					x					DZUP
	Calliphoridae	Chloroprocta idioidea		x								DEZG
		Lucilia eximia		x								DEZG
		Paralucilia paraensis		x								DEZG
	Fanniidae	Fannia euchaetophora			x		x		x			DZUP
	Fanniidae	Fannia sp. 1		x		x						DZUP
	Mesembrinellidae	Mesembrinella bicolor	x	x	x			x	x			DEZG
	Muscidae	^* Atherigona orientalis ^*		x								DZUP
		Bithoracochaeta flavicoxa					x					DZUP
		Bithoracochaeta sp. 1							x	x		DZUP
		Cyrtoneurina sp. 1			x							DZUP
		Cyrtoneuropsis dubia					x					DZUP
		Cyrtoneuropsis flaviantennata ^*					x					DZUP
		Cyrtoneuropsis protosetosa			x	x	x		x			DZUP
		Cyrtoneuropsis sp. 1			x	x	x		x			DZUP
		Cyrtoneuropsis sp. 2				x	x					DZUP
		^* Gymnodia debilis ^*					x					DZUP
		Limnophora sp. 1							x			DZUP
		^*Neodexiopsis sp. 1							x			DZUP
		Neomuscina sp. 1					x		x			DZUP
		Philornis sp. 1				x	x					DZUP
	Sarcophagidae	Argoravinia alvarengai					x					MNRJ
		Dexosarcophaga ampullula ^*					x					MNRJ
		Dexosarcophaga globulosa ^*				x	x					MNRJ
		Helicobia aurescens ^*					x					MNRJ
		Helicobia morionella ^*					x					MNRJ
		Helicobia sp. 1					x					MNRJ
		Helicobia sp. 2					x					MNRJ
		Lepidodexia (Notochaeta) sp. 1					x		x			MNRJ
		Lepidodexia (Notochaeta) sp. 2							x			MNRJ
		Lepidodexia (Notochaeta) carvalhoi					x					MNRJ
		^*Metopia sp. 1					x					MNRJ
		Metopia sp. 2					x					MNRJ
		Metopia sp. 3										MNRJ
		Oxysarcodexia adunca ^*					x					MNRJ
		Oxysarcodexia avuncula ^*					x					MNRJ
		Oxysarcodexia carvalhoi ^*					x					MNRJ
		Oxysarcodexia nitida ^*					x					MNRJ
		Oxysarcodexia thornax					x					MNRJ
		Peckia (Euboettcheria) anguilla	x									MNRJ
		Peckia (Peckia) pexata					x					MNRJ
		Peckia (Sarcodexia) lambens					x		x			MNRJ
		Ravinia belforti					x					MNRJ
		Ravinia effrenata ^*					x					MNRJ
		Retrocitomyia retrocita				x	x					MNRJ
		^* Sarcofahrtiopsis cuneata ^*					x					MNRJ
		Titanogrypa (Cucullomyia) alvarengai					x					MNRJ
		Tricharaea (Sarcophagula) apicata^* ^*					x					MNRJ
		Tricharaea (Sarcophagula) ramirezi ^*					x					MNRJ