Gomes, Alexandra Isabel Cabral da Silva; Nunes, Maria Cristina Salgado

doi:10.1590/0102.3772e33422

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Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa

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Sumário

Psicologia Clínica e Cultura • Psic.: Teor. e Pesq. 33 • 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0102.3772e33422 copiar

Predizendo o Uso de Preservativo: Uma Comparação entre a Teoria da Ação Racionalizada, a Teoria do Comportamento Planejado (TCP) e um Modelo Estendido de TCP

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

Tivemos como objetivo contribuir para a predição do uso de preservativo utilizando modelos sociocognitivos, comparando teorias clássicas a um modelo estendido. Um estudo transversal foi conduzido com o uso de questionário de auto-relato. Entre os estudantes que aceitaram participar do estudo, 140 mostraram-se elegíveis a participar do estudo em sua totalidade. Uma análise confirmatória foi utilizada para acessar o valor preditivo do modelo pesquisado. O modelo testado apresentou melhores índices de ajustamento e valor preditivo que as clássicas teorias da Ação Racionalizada e do Comportamento Planejado. Apesar dos resultados obtidos, continua a discussão para entender as discrepâncias entre intenção e comportamento, assim como são necessários mais estudos que permitam melhor compreender a inconsistência nas razões para o uso de preservativos.

Palavras-Chave:
HIV/Aids; Teoria da Ação Racionalizada; Teoria do Comportamento Planejado; Modelo estendido do uso de preservativo

	Exogenous	β	R²	Endogenous	Β	R²
TRA	Attitude	0.310^* ***** p<0.000;	17.5% ^* ***** p<0.000;	Intention	0.878^* ***** p<0.000;	77.1%^* ***** p<0.000;
	Subjective Norm	0.198^* * p<0.050; ns – non significant; TRA – Theory of Reasoned Action; TPB – Theory of Planned Behaviour; PBC – Perceived Behavioural Control; β – regression weights; R2 – Square Correlation; Method used in the regression analysis: Enter
TPB	Attitude	0.288^ p<0.010;	19.2%^* ***** p<0.000;	Intention	0.851^* ***** p<0.000;	78.1%^* ***** p<0.000;
	Subjective Norm	0.166^* * p<0.050; ns – non significant; TRA – Theory of Reasoned Action; TPB – Theory of Planned Behaviour; PBC – Perceived Behavioural Control; β – regression weights; R2 – Square Correlation; Method used in the regression analysis: Enter		PCB	0.105^* * p<0.050; ns – non significant; TRA – Theory of Reasoned Action; TPB – Theory of Planned Behaviour; PBC – Perceived Behavioural Control; β – regression weights; R2 – Square Correlation; Method used in the regression analysis: Enter
	PBC	0.140 ns

Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de Brasília Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900 - Brasília - DF - Brazil, Tel./Fax: (061) 274-6455 - Brasília - DF - Brazil
E-mail: revistaptp@gmail.com

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[1] 1 Address for correspondence: Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Edf. 1, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Gambelas, Faro, Portugal. CEP: 8005-139. E-mail: asgomes@ualg.pt

Variable/measure	Number of Items	Sample	Reliability	Descriptive measures
Age	1	(open question)	____	M=20.79; SD = 1.980
Age fist intercourse	1	(open question)	____	M=16.88; SD = 1.801
Partner’s age at first intercourse	1	(open question)	____	M=18.20; SD = 2.448
Number of partners	1	(open question)	____	M=3.77; SD=4.48
Steady partner	1	Do you have a steady partner, at the moment?	____	Mode=yes
Number of partners in the last 3 months	1	How many partners did you have in the last 3 months?	____	M=1.09; SD=0.935
Religion	1	(open question)	____	Mode= Catholic
Religiosity	1	In what extent do you consider yourself as a religious person?	____	M=3.14; SD=1.581
Attitudes	40	I would have no objection if my partner suggested that we used a condom.	α=0.77	M=4.87; SD=0.967
HIV heuristics	3	If you love and trust someone, you don’t have to worry about getting HIV from them	____	____
Sexual self-esteem	5	I derive a sense of self-pride from the way I handle my own sexual needs and desires	α=0.88	M=5.45; SD=1.084
Sexual satisfaction	5	I am satisfied with the way my sexual needs are being met	α=0.92	M=5.33; SD=1.310
Perceived Behavioural Control	3	If you decide to have sex, how sure are you that you would have a condom with you when you needed it?	α=0.59	M=5.43; SD=1.084
Subjective norm	1	To what extent do you feel that it is your partner who decides if you both use a condom in a sexual relationship?	____	M=5.32; SD=1.162
Condom use	1	How often you use condoms in your sexual intercourse?	____	M=4.99; SD=1.966
Condom use intention	1	In what extent do you want to always use condoms in your sexual intercourse?	____	M=5.21; SD=2.071
Communication with parents	1	In what extent you are satisfied with the parent-children discussions about sex?	____	____
Alcohol consumption	3	In what extent do you drink alcoholic drinks with the purpose to relax before a sexual encounter?	α=0.94	M=2.53; SD=2.134

	χ2 /(df)	GFI	CFI	SRMR	RMSEA
TRA	46.349/2 = 23.175^* * p<0.001; χ2 /(df) – Chi-square statistic and overall fit ; GFI – Goodness of fit index; CFI – Comparative fit index; RMR – Root mean-square residual; RMSEA – Root mean-square error of approximation	0.175	0.642	0.0636	0.399
TPB	21.761/2=10.710^* * p<0.001; χ2 /(df) – Chi-square statistic and overall fit ; GFI – Goodness of fit index; CFI – Comparative fit index; RMR – Root mean-square residual; RMSEA – Root mean-square error of approximation	0.946	0.932	0.0457	0.246
Extended model	195.638/123=1.591^* * p<0.001; χ2 /(df) – Chi-square statistic and overall fit ; GFI – Goodness of fit index; CFI – Comparative fit index; RMR – Root mean-square residual; RMSEA – Root mean-square error of approximation	0.880	0.887	0.0848	0.065

	Variables predicting attitude			Variables predicting intention			Variables predicting condom use
		β	R²		β	R²		β	R²
Extended model			7,9%	Attitude	0.270^ p<0.010;	33,2%	Intention	0.794***	80,6%
				Subjective Norm	0.186^* * p<0.050; ns – non significant; TPB – Theory of Planned Behaviour; PBC – Perceived Behavioural Control; β – regression weights; R2 – Square Correlation; Method used in the regression analysis: Enter		Com. Evaluation	-0.031 ns
	Religiosity	0.159		PBC	0,141 ns		Com. Age	0.064 ns
	Heuristic1	- 0.162		Sexual satisfaction	-0.085 ns		Timing	-0.088 ns
	Heuristic2	- 0.118		Sexual self-esteem	-0.054 ns		Age	-0.056 ns
	Heuristic3	0.094		Heuristic1	-0.049 ns		Sex	-0.025 ns
				Heuristic2	0.106 ns		Number of partners	-0.040 ns
				Heuristic3	0.019 ns		Steady partner	0.070 ns
				Steady partner	0.284^* * p<0.050; ns – non significant; TPB – Theory of Planned Behaviour; PBC – Perceived Behavioural Control; β – regression weights; R2 – Square Correlation; Method used in the regression analysis: Enter		Alcohol	-0.095^* * p<0.050; ns – non significant; TPB – Theory of Planned Behaviour; PBC – Perceived Behavioural Control; β – regression weights; R2 – Square Correlation; Method used in the regression analysis: Enter
							PBC	0.131^ p<0.010;
							Religiosity	-0.024 ns