The Sternalis Muscle: Managing a Rare Anatomical Variant Encountered During Augmentation Mastopexy – A Case Report

The sternalis muscle is a rare anatomical variant on the anterior thoracic wall, overlying the pectoralis major, with an incidence of 4 to 8%. Typically asymptomatic, it can complicate thoracic or breast surgeries, requiring adjustments in technique.

The present case report describes its identification during mastopexy with implants in a 42-year-old patient. The sternalis muscle, a vascularized structure approximately 8 cm long, was noted while elevating the pectoralis major. The surgical approach was adapted to preserve the muscle, ensuring no complications or disruptions to the operative goals. The patient recovered uneventfully, with excellent outcomes.

Recognition of the sternalis muscle is critical for surgeons performing breast and thoracic procedures. Its identification and preservation in the case herein reported underscore the need for anatomical awareness to optimize outcomes. Further research is needed to understand its clinical relevance in reconstructive and esthetic surgery.

Keywords
sternalis muscle; anatomical variant; breast surgery; mastopexy with implant; dual-plane technique; anatomical variation; imaging differential diagnosis