| Aidar et al.,2929 Resende M de A, Aidar FJ, Resende RBV, Reis GC, Barros L de O, de Matos DG, et al. Are strength indicators and skin temperature affected by the type of warm-up in paralympic powerlifting athletes?. Healthcare (Basel). 2021;9(8):923.
|
UFS |
Evaluate sticking point strength indicators in Paralympic powerlifting athletes. |
Powerlifting |
12 men |
Linear transducer
Load cell
Electromyograph |
Maximum Isometric Force (MIF)
Rate of Force Development (RFD)
Time to reach the MIF (TMIF)
Velocity (Vel)
Dynamic time (DT)
EMG |
The MIF, RFD, TMIF, and Vel. tend to be harmed at the beginning and after the sticking point. |
| Bernardina et al.3737 Borges MVDO, Sousa EC De, Rego JTP, Medeiros RMV, Spina MA, Cabral BG de AT, et al. Electromyographic analysis of bench press in paralympic athletes. Medicina Sportiva. 2014;X(4):2452-6.
|
UFMG |
Quantify the asymmetries in bench press performance at different submaximal intensities using FANOVA. |
Powerlifting |
8 men
2 women |
2D Kinematics |
Mean velocity (MV) at 50 and 90% 1RM |
FANOVA analysis is able to identify asymmetries in the different phases of the movement. |
| Resende et al.3030 Teles LJL, Aidar FJ, de Matos DG, Marçal AC, de Almeida-Neto PF, Neves EB, et al. Static and dynamic strength indicators in paralympic power-lifters with and without spinal cord injury. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(11):5907.
|
UFS |
Evaluate the effect of different types of warm ups on the strength and skin temperature of Paralympic powerlifting athletes. |
Powerlifting |
15 men |
Thermographic camera
Linear transducer
Force sensor |
Skin temperature
Dynamic and static force (Impulse, variability, and peak torque) |
The types of warm-up studied do not seem to interfere in the performance of Paralympic powerlifting athletes. However, thermal images showed that traditional warm-ups better meet the expected objectives for this preparation phase. |
| Ribeiro Neto et al.2828 Aidar FJ, Clemente FM, de Matos DG, Marçal AC, de Souza RF, Moreira OC, et al. Evaluation of strength and muscle activation indicators in sticking point region of national-level paralympic powerlifting athletes. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2021;6(2):43.
|
SARAH Network |
To verify the relationships between the medicine ball throw (MBT) and the field tests of mobility performance in wheelchair basketball and the peak torque of the shoulder and trunk in male and female WCB beginners. |
Wheelchair basketball |
19 men
18 women |
Isokinetic dynamometer |
Concentric peak torque Voluntary isometric peak torque |
The MBT, a simple and feasible test, can be used to estimate and determine the wheelchair mobility performance of female and male WCB beginners. |
| Teles et al.3131 Machado F, Correia RF, Ribeiro AN, dos Santos Neto SR dos S, Vieira IB, Gorla JI. Isokinetic Peak of Torque and Fatigue Index in Simulated Wheelchair Propulsion in Elite Wheelchair Rugby Players. Manual Therapy, Posturology & Rehabilitation Journal. 2018;16:564.
|
UFS |
Analyze dynamic and static strength indicators, at different intensities, on the performance of athletes with and without spinal cord injury. |
Powerlifting |
9 men (LM)
10 men (other disabilities) |
Linear transducer
Load cell
Electromyograph |
Maximum Isometric Force (MIF)
Rate of Force Development (RFD)
Time to reach MIF (TMIF)
Impulse
Fatigue Index (FI)
Variability
Mean propulsive velocity (MPV)
Maximum velocity (Velmax)
Power (W)
sEMG |
Static and dynamic strength indicators are similar in Paralympic weightlifters with spinal cord injury and other disabilities. |
| Dos Santos et al.1818 dos Santos MDM, Aidar FJ, de Souza RF, dos Santos JL, da Silva de Mello A, Neiva HP, et al. Does the grip width affect the bench press performance of paralympic powerlifters?. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2020;1-8.
|
UFS |
Evaluate the use of different grip widths on powerlifting performance. |
Powerlifting |
12 men |
Calipers
Load cell
Electromyograph |
Mean propulsive velocity (MPV)
Maximum Isometric Force (MIF)
Time to reach MIF (TMIF)
sEMG |
At 25% of 1RM and with grip at 1.5 BAD, the highest MIF and MPV occurred. With 1.5 BAD a smaller TMIF was needed to reach 30%, 50%, and 100% of the MIF. |
| Fischer et al.1919 Fischer G, Figueiredo P, Ardigò LP. Bioenergetics and Biomechanics of Handcycling at Submaximal Speeds in Athletes with a Spinal Cord Injury. Sports (Basel). 2020;8(2):16.
|
UFSC |
Compare the bioenergetic and biomechanical parameters of athletes with quadriplegia and paraplegia at submaximal speeds. |
Handcycle |
15 men
2 women |
Power meter (crank) |
Velocity (Vel)
Mechanical power (W)
Mechanical efficiency (ME%)
Metabolic Power (MP) |
Tetraplegics presented lower aerobic performance but similar metabolic costs compared to paraplegics at submaximal velocities. |
| Fraga et al.2020 Fraga GS, Aidar FJ, Matos DG, Marçal AC, Santos JL, Souza RF, et al. Effects of ibuprofen intake in muscle damage, body temperature and muscle power in paralympic powerlifting athletes. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(14):5157.
|
UFS |
To evaluate the effect of ibuprofen ingestion in post-training recovery on muscle injury indicators, body temperature, and muscle power. |
Powerlifting |
8 men |
Load cell
Thermographic camera |
Maximum Isometric Force (MIF)
Rate of Force Development (RFD)
Skin temperature (Temp) |
The effect of ibuprofen in preventing the normal decrease in muscle temperature during post-exercise recovery could potentially be indicative of a delay in the anti-inflammatory response. |
| Loturco et al.2121 Loturco I, McGuigan MR, Reis VP, Santos S, Yanci J, Pereira LA, et al. Relationship between power output and speed-related performance in brazilian wheelchair basketball players. Adapt Phys Activ Q. 2020;37(4):508-17.
|
NAR |
Investigate the association between the ideal power load in the exercises bench press, shoulder press, and prone bench pull and acceleration and performances in wheelchair basketball players. |
Wheelchair basketball |
11 men |
Photocell
Linear transducer |
Sprint Velocity (Vsprint)
Acceleration (Accel)
Load (L)
Mean propulsive velocity (MPV) |
Players who produce more power in certain strength-power exercises are also able to accelerate faster and reach higher speeds over short distances (5, 10, and 20 m). |
| Ribeiro Neto et al.2222 Ribeiro Neto F, Dorneles JR, Luna RM, Spina MA, Gonçalves CW, Costa RRG. Performance Differences Between the Arched and Flat Bench Press in Beginner and Experienced Paralympic Powerlifters. J Strength Cond Res. 2022;36(7):1936-43.
|
SARAH Network |
Verify the differences in total load, bar path in the sagittal plane, and mean bar velocity between the arched and flat bench press techniques in beginners (BG) and experienced (EG) Paralympic lifters. |
Powerlifting |
28 men
15 women |
60 Hz camera |
Full load
Mean velocity
Displacement: vertical, horizontal, and resultant
Total Distance |
The total load, bar path in the sagittal plane, and mean bar velocity were not significantly different between the arched and flat techniques for experienced athletes and powerlifting beginners during the eccentric and concentric phases of the movement. |
| Sampaio et al.2323 Sampaio CRSF, Aidar FJ, Ferreira ARP, Dos Santos JL, Marçal AC, de Matos DG, et al. Can creatine supplementation interfere with muscle strength and fatigue in brazilian national level paralympic powerlifting?. Nutrients. 2020;12(9):2492.
|
UFS |
To analyze the effect of creatine supplementation (Cr) on peak torque (PT) and fatigue rate in bodybuilding Paralympic athletes. |
Powerlifting |
8 men |
Load cell |
Force (Kgf)
Force (N)
Peak torque (PT)
Rate of force development (RFD)
Maximum isometric strength (time) |
Creatine supplementation has a positive effect on the performance of Paralympic powerlifting athletes, reducing the fatigue index and maintaining strength levels as well as PT. |
| Weber et al.2424 Weber MVR, Fernandes DZ, Vieira ER, Ferreira SA, da Silva DF, Queiroga MR. Adaptation of Anaerobic Field-Based Tests for Wheelchair Basketball Athletes. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2021;92(4):715-22.
|
UEL |
Propose field tests to estimate the anaerobic power of wheelchair basketball athletes. |
Wheelchair basketball |
11 men |
Balance
Bioelectrical impedance
Manual dynamometer
Cycle ergometer |
Anthropometry
Handgrip strength
Peak power
Mean power |
The combination of field tests and anthropometric measurements seems to be appropriate to determine the anaerobic power of basketball wheelchair athletes in the lower classes. |
| Coswig et al.4444 Medeiros RMV, Alves E da S, Lemos V de A, Schwingel PA, Silva A da, Vital R, et al. Assessment of Body Composition and Sport Performance of Brazilian Paralympic Swim Team Athletes. J Sport Rehabil. 2016;25(4):364-70.
|
UFPA |
Evaluate the reliability of MyJump2 app measurements to assess vertical jump performance. |
7-a-side soccer |
40 men |
Contact platform
Jump app |
Jump height
Flight time |
The MyJump2 app features high validity and reliability to measure the jump height and flight time of squat jumps and countermovement jumps in soccer athletes with cerebral palsy. |
| Feitosa et al.4747 Kons RL, Sakugawa RL, Rossato M, Diefenthaeler F, Detanico D. Neuromuscular and postural control in visually and nonvisually impaired judo athletes: Case study. J Exerc Rehabil. 2019;15(1):60-6.
|
UECE |
Evaluate the kinematic, coordinative, and efficiency parameters measured in VO2max in swimmers with physical disabilities;
Correlate these biomechanical parameters with time for a maximum test of 200 m. |
Swimming |
7 men
4 women |
3D Kinematics |
Stroke rate (SR)
Stroke length (SL)
Mean swimming speed (SS)
Intracyclic velocity variation (IVV) |
Swimmers with less significant impact of physical disability on specific swimming tasks had higher SL, SS, and propulsion efficiency. In general, the catch-up arm coordination model was adopted. |
| Kons et al.4848 Song YG, Won YH, Park SH, Ko MH, Seo JH. Changes in body temperature in incomplete spinal cord injury by digital infrared thermographic imaging. Ann Rehabil Med. 2015;39(5):696-704.
|
UFSC |
Evaluate the postural and neuromuscular control of judo athletes with and without visual impairment. |
Judo |
2 men |
Manual dynamometer
Force platform |
Center of pressure (COP)
Manual pressing force (FPM)
Jump height (Alt.)
Power (W)
Maximum force (MF)
Força de pressão manual (FPM) |
The athlete with visual impairment showed greater balance in neutral and anteroposterior positions. The visually impaired athlete performed better in the squat jump, but lower performance in jumping against movement and handgrip strength test. |
| Loturco et al.2525 Loturco I, Pereira LA, Winckler C, Santos WL, Kobal R, McGuigan M. Load-Velocity Relationship in National Paralympic Powerlifters: A Case Study. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2019;14(4):531-5.
|
NAR |
To analyze the relationships between different load intensities and movement speeds in bench press exercise. |
Powerlifting |
8 men
8 male little people 5 women |
Linear transducer |
Mean velocity (MVel)
Mean propulsive velocity (MPV)
Peak velocity (PV) |
The load-velocity relationship is strong and accurate in Paralympic lifters, especially at higher load intensities (≥70% 1RM). These athletes can perform 1RM tests at velocities lower than those previously reported in the literature. |
| Machado et al.3232 Monezi LA, Magalhães TP, Morato MP, Mercadante LA, Furtado OLP da C, Misuta MS. Time-motion analysis of goalball players in attacks: differences of the player positions and the throwing techniques. Sports Biomech. 2019;18(5):470-81.
|
UNICAMP |
Evaluate peak torque and fatigue index in simulated wheelchair propulsion. |
Rugby |
6 men |
Isokinetic dynamometer |
Peak torque (PT)
Fatigue index (FI) |
Athletes do not show differences in PT and TI between limbs. |
| Monezi et al.3333 Campos LFCC, Borin JP, Nightingale T, Costa e Silva AA, Araújo PF, Gorla JI. Alterations of Cardiorespiratory and Motor Profile of Paralympic 5-a-side Football Athletes during 14-Week In-Season Training. Int J Sports Sci. 2014;4(6A):85-90.
|
UNICAMP |
Analyze time-motion of goalball players in official attacks considering the player's position, execution technique, and attack phases. |
Goalball |
16 men |
60Hz camera |
Distance covered by player
Time spent
Mean player velocity
Maximum player velocity |
Wingers made most of the shots and had higher values in all of the variables compared to centers, both in the preparation and attacking phases. The swing and throwing between the legs techniques presented higher values than the frontal technique in both attack phases. |
| Oliveira et al.4242 Rubio K, Veloso RC. As mulheres no esporte brasileiro: entre os campos de enfrentamento e a jornada heroica. Revista USP. 2019;(122):49-62.
|
UFRJ |
Analyze the dermatoglyphic and body composition characteristics. |
5-a-side soccer |
13 men |
Skinfold Compass
Calipers
Balance |
Anthropometry |
The study found similarities between wings and goalkeepers, as well as between defense and pivots for most variables. The somatotypical profile presented by the athletes indicated the predominance of the muscular component in all tactical positions played in the game. |
| Simim4646 Feitosa WG, Correia R de A, Barbosa TM, Castro FA de S. Kinematic, coordinative and efficiency parameters of physically impaired swimmers at maximum aerobic power speed. Open Sports Sci J. 2019;12:35-43.
|
UFC |
To investigate the demands (i.e., distances covered and acute physiological responses) of the amputee soccer match game (AS) and its impact on muscle endurance and power. |
7-a-side soccer |
16 men |
GPS
Accelerometer |
Total distance
Relative distance
Mean velocity
Maximum velocity
Jump height
Force production (absolute and relative) |
Small differences were found between the first and second half for the total distance covered and in various speed categories, in addition, all neuromuscular performance measures decreased after the match. |
| Antunes et al.3939 Silva A, Zanca G, Alves ES, De Aquino Lemos V, Gávea SA, Winckler C, et al. Isokinetic assessment and musculoskeletal complaints in paralympic athletes: A longitudinal study. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2015;94(10):768-74.
|
UFSC |
Evaluate power parameters, muscle imbalance and asymmetry indices in sprinters with cerebral palsy from different functional classes. |
Athletics |
4 men |
Isokinetic dynamometer
Force platform |
Concentric peak torque
Eccentric peak torque
Conventional ratio
Functional ratio
Asymmetry index
Jump height
Peak power |
Athletes with more severe cerebral palsy presented lower jumping performance and torque production of the knee extensors and flexors, in addition to presenting greater asymmetries between the limbs. Considering the results of athlete T37, it seems that training for a longer period could reverse part of the neuromuscular impairments caused by cerebral palsy. |
| Loturco et al.22 Loturco I, Pereira LA, Winckler C, Bragança JR, Da Fonseca RA, Kobal R, et al. Performance Changes of Elite Paralympic Judo Athletes during a Paralympic Games Cycle: A Case Study with the Brazilian National Team. J Hum Kinet. 2017;60(1):217-24.
|
NAR |
Describe the variations in the power performance of judokas in three consecutive training cycles in preparation for the ParaPan American Games, the World Championship, and the Paralympic Games. |
Judo |
11 men |
Contact platform
Linear transducer |
Jump height
Mean propulsive power |
The power of the lower limbs gradually increased throughout the training period, reaching its maximum value immediately before the Paralympic Games. In addition, in this phase, the judokas produced the greatest power outputs in the PB and PBP exercises; and (3) equally, the best performances in the SJ and CMJ tests were achieved in this period. |
| Gorla et al.1111 Gorla J, Costa e Silva ADA, Borges M, Tanhoffer RA, Godoy PS, Calegari DR, et al. Impact of wheelchair rugby on body composition of subjects with tetraplegia: A pilot study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2016;97(1):92-6.
|
UNICAMP |
Investigate the effects of wheelchair rugby training on body composition. |
Wheelchair rugby |
13 men |
Densitometer (Dexa) |
Body composition in the arms
Body composition in the trunk
Body composition in the legs
Body composition in the whole body |
Regular training increased lean mass and bone mass in the arms and decreased fat mass throughout the body. |
| Lemos et al.1212 Lemos V de A, Alves E da S, Schwingel P, Rosa JPP, Silva A da, Winckler C, et al. Analysis of the body composition of Paralympic athletes: Comparison of two methods. Eur J Sport Sci. 2016;16(8):955-64.
|
UNIFESP |
Compare the body composition obtained by air displacement plethysmography (ADP) and skinfolds (SF). |
Athletics
Goalball
Swimming |
33 men
37 women |
Skinfold Compass
Air Displacement Plethysmograph |
Fat percentage
Body density |
ADP and SF body composition analyses show similar results, except for swimmers. |
| Loturco et al.1313 Loturco I, Nakamura FY, Winckler C, Bragança JR, Da Fonseca RA, Moraes-Filho J, et al. Strength-Power Performance of Visually Impaired Paralympic and Olympic Judo Athletes from the Brazilian National Team: A Comparative Study. J Strength Cond Res. 2016;31(3):743-9.
|
NAR |
Compare the muscle power and maximum isometric strength capabilities of Olympic and Paralympic judokas. |
Judo |
14 men
14 women |
Contact platform
Linear transducer
Force platform |
Mean propulsive power
Maximum isometric strength |
Visually impaired Olympic and Paralympic judokas have similar levels of maximum isometric strength, but muscle strength performance is superior in Olympic athletes. |
| Loturco et al.1414 Loturco I, Winckler C, Lourenço TF, Veríssimo A, Kobal R, Kitamura K, et al. Effects of compression clothing on speed–power performance of elite Paralympic sprinters: a pilot study. SpringerPlus. 2016;5(1):1047.
|
NAR |
To test the effects of wearing compression garments on performance related to speed and power in visually impaired elite sprinters. |
Athletics |
2 men
6 women |
Contact platform
Linear transducer
Photocell |
Unloaded Squat Jump (SJ)
Loaded Squat Jump (JS)
Speed at distances of 20m
Speed at distances of 70m |
The acute increase in vertical jumping skill should be explored in preparing Paralympic sprinters during strength training sessions. However, the chronic effects on Paralympic athletes wearing compression garments need to be further tested in order to support their use as a specific training aid. |
| Pereira et al.1515 Pereira L, Winckler C, Abad CCC, Kitamura K, Veríssimo A, Nakamura FY, et al. Power and speed differences between Brazilian Paralympic sprinters with visual impairment and their guides. Adapt Phys Activ Q. 2016;33(4):311-23.
|
NAR |
Compare the physical performance of visually impaired Paralympic sprinters and their guides in jumping and sprint tests. |
Athletics |
3 men
7 women
10 male guides |
Contact platform
Measuring tape
Photocell |
Jump height (CMJ and SJ)
Distance of 5 jumps with the right leg
Jumping distance with the left leg
10m speed
50m speed |
Guides performed better than visually impaired sprinters in the power and speed tests, and the net differences were greater in jumping ability. Furthermore, only visually impaired sprinters showed significant correlations between the results of the vertical jump (SJ and CMJ) and the speed in the 50 m sprint. |
| Santos et al.1616 Santos SDS, Krishnan C, Alonso AC, Greve JMDA. Trunk Function Correlates Positively with Wheelchair Basketball Player Classification. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2016;96(2):101-8.
|
USP |
Identify differences in trunk muscle strength and balance between the various classes and determine whether trunk muscle strength and balance correlate with the current classification. |
Wheelchair basketball |
42 men |
Isokinetic dynamometer |
Extensor peak torque
Flexor torque peak
Dynamic balance |
The current observation-based classification system reasonably captures deficits in trunk muscle strength and balance in players. |
| Sousa et al.1717 Sousa APS, Ferreira HR, Filho JF. Dermatoglyphic profile and hand grip strength of the finalists athletes in the Brazilian paracanoe championship. J Exerc Physiol Online. 2016;19(1):50-6.
|
UFRJ |
Analyze the dermatoglyphic profile and handgrip strength of the finalists of the Brazilian Championship of Paracanoe 2012. |
Para Canoeing |
19 men |
Manual dynamometer |
Manual handgrip strength |
The groups presented very interesting characteristics for the practice of paracanoeing and, therefore, allow the application of the data directly in the training for a more specific and individualized approach. |
| Loturco et al.2626 Loturco I, Winckler C, Kobal R, Cal Abad CC, Kitamura K, Veríssimo AW, et al. Performance changes and relationship between vertical jump measures and actual sprint performance in elite sprinters with visual impairment throughout a Parapan American games training season. Front Physiol. 2015;6:323.
|
NAR |
Estimate the magnitude of variability and progression in actual performance in competitive vertical jump and field testing. Investigate the relationships between loaded and unloaded vertical jump test results and actual competitive results of sprint performance. |
Athletics |
7 men
8 women |
Contact platform
Linear transducer |
Jump height (CMJ and SJ)
Mean propulsive power |
Vertical jump tests, under loaded and unloaded conditions, can be good predictors of the running performance of athletes, especially when combined in a multiple linear regression equation. |
| Medeiros et al.4444 Medeiros RMV, Alves E da S, Lemos V de A, Schwingel PA, Silva A da, Vital R, et al. Assessment of Body Composition and Sport Performance of Brazilian Paralympic Swim Team Athletes. J Sport Rehabil. 2016;25(4):364-70.
|
UNIFESP |
To investigate the relationship between body composition and sports performance 6 months after training. |
Swimming |
12 men
5 women |
Air Displacement Plethysmograph |
Lean mass
Fat mass
Density
Time in 50m |
A 6-month training period reduced fat mass and increased lean body mass. These factors were associated with sports performance, measured by the 50 m freestyle swim. |
| Silva et al.3939 Silva A, Zanca G, Alves ES, De Aquino Lemos V, Gávea SA, Winckler C, et al. Isokinetic assessment and musculoskeletal complaints in paralympic athletes: A longitudinal study. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2015;94(10):768-74.
|
UFMG |
Assess and monitor the torque of knee extensors and flexors and the reports of complaints over 1 year. |
Athletics |
10 men
4 women |
Isokinetic dynamometer |
Peak torque (60º/s, 180º/s and 300º/s) |
The torque of the flexor and extensor muscles of the right and left knee showed a gradual increase between assessments. The torque of the flexor and extensor muscles of the right and left knee showed a gradual increase between assessments. At the same time, a relationship between muscle imbalance and knee and thigh complaints was found in all three assessments after 1 year. |
| Borges et al.3737 Borges MVDO, Sousa EC De, Rego JTP, Medeiros RMV, Spina MA, Cabral BG de AT, et al. Electromyographic analysis of bench press in paralympic athletes. Medicina Sportiva. 2014;X(4):2452-6.
|
UFRN |
Analyze the percentage of muscle activation at different intensities in the bench press. |
Powerlifting |
6 men |
Electromyograph |
SEMG (Serratus anterior, triceps, biceps, anterior deltoid and pectoralis major) |
Muscle activation of the pectoralis major, anterior deltoids, serratus anterior, biceps and triceps during bench press performance was greater with increased intensity. |
| Campos et al.3333 Campos LFCC, Borin JP, Nightingale T, Costa e Silva AA, Araújo PF, Gorla JI. Alterations of Cardiorespiratory and Motor Profile of Paralympic 5-a-side Football Athletes during 14-Week In-Season Training. Int J Sports Sci. 2014;4(6A):85-90.
|
UNICAMP |
To characterize cardiorespiratory responses and motor performance of soccer 5 athletes after 14 weeks of training. |
5-a-side soccer |
7 men |
Skinfold Compass
Stopwatch
Photocells
Measuring tape |
Fat percentage
Fat free mass
Peak power
Mean power
Fatigue index
Agility
Jump distance |
The performance of athletes from the Brazilian Paralympic Team is inferior to that of professional players, the cardiorespiratory and motor performance is superior to that of semi-professional futsal athletes. |
| Zoppi3434 Zoppi CC, dos Santos-Júnior CR, Guerreiro TS, Porto YC, Montenegro IHP de M, da Silva TFA, et al. Physiological and performance improvements during a training season in paralympic rowers. J Exerc Physiol Online. 2014;17(3):88-101.
|
UNICAMP |
To determine the physiological and performance improvements of Brazilian Paralympic rowers during a training season. |
Para Rowing |
8 men |
Scale |
Anthropometry |
Adaptive rowers fully tolerated the training process, which allowed them to achieve a high level of training for physiological and performance improvements. |
| Campos et al.3535 Campos LFCC, De Athayde Costa E Silva A, Teixeira Fabrício Dos Santos LG, Trevisan Costa L, Montagner PC, Borin JP, et al. Effects of training in physical fitness and body composition of the brazilian 5-a-side football team. Rev Andal Med Deport. 2013;6(3):91-5.
|
UNICAMP |
To analyze the effects of 16 weeks of training on physical fitness parameters and body composition in athletes. |
5-a-side soccer |
6 men |
Skinfold compass
Photocells
Measuring tape |
Fat percentage
Maximum power
Mean power
Minimum power
Fatigue index |
The 5-a-side soccer training showed a trend towards parameters that are related to rapid recovery and execution of intense stimuli, due to organic adaptations generated by the training process. |
| Squarcini et al.4040 Squarcini CFR, Pires MLN, Lopes C, Benedito-Silva AA, Esteves AMU, Cornelissen-Guillaume G, et al. Free-running circadian rhythms of muscle strength, reaction time, and body temperature in totally blind people. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2013;113(1):157-65.
|
UESB |
Determine endogenous circadian rhythm period of isometric and isokinetic strength and simple reaction time of totally blind people. |
Athletics |
6 men
4 women |
Manual dynamometer
Spine dynamometer
Isokinetic dynamometer
Thermometer |
Body temperature
Spine isometric strength
Isometric strength in dominant and non-dominant hand
Peak torque (60º/sec) |
The circadian rhythms of force and simple reaction time of totally blind people are within their free-running periods. |
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