Self-efficacy and social support of mothers of preterms in neonatal unit

cross-sectional study, carried out with 120 mothers of preterm infants from a Maternity School, from June to September 2018. Sociodemographic, reproductive and scales were used to assess the Maternal Self-Efficacy and Social Support. A descriptive analysis was carried out and the MannWhitney Test, Kruskal Wallis Test and Spearman correlation were applied.

Results:

there was a positive correlation between self-efficacy, parity (p=0.017), years of schooling (p=0.017) and Social Support (p=0.002). An unexpected finding was a high self-efficacy among mothers up to eight years of schooling, in the countryside of the State and with low income.

Conclusion:

social support, in all dimensions: material, affective, emotional, information and social interaction, proven to be a predictor of maternal self-efficacy.

Key words:
Self-efficacy; Newborn; Premature; Social support; Child’s health

Variable	Self-efficacy	p	Social support	p
Variable	X̄ ± SD	p	X̄ ± SD	p
Age (years)		0.448^#		0.101^#
≥ 18	58.3 ± 10.4		69.0 ± 14.5
≥ 31	61.3 ± 11.1		65.0 ± 16.6
Schooling (years)		0.017^#		0.964*
Up to 8	64.3 ± 13.2		68.6 ± 15.85
≥ 9	56.7 ± 9.5		67.4 ± 14.8
Marital status		0.959*		0.549*
Married/stable union	59.0 ± 10.8		70.4 ± 10.2
Single/Widowed/Divorced	59.0 ± 12.4		65.1 ± 18.5
Paid employment		0.199*		0.314*
No	60.6 ± 10.9		66.5 ± 15.3
Yes	58.0 ± 11.3		69.4 ± 15.1
Family Income (salaries)		0.781^#		0.101^#
< 1	60.25 ± 12.2		65.1 ± 18.5
1 - 2	59.1 ± 10.3		67.0 ± 15.4
> 3	57.6 ± 12.8		72.4 ± 10.2
Bolsa família (Family Welfare)		0.054*		0.749*
No	57.6 ± 11.1		68.0 ± 15.3
Yes	61.4 ± 11.0		67.1 ± 15.5

Variable	Self-efficacy	p	Social Support	p
Variable	X̄ ± SD	p	X̄ ± SD	p
Parity		0.017*		0.532*
Multiparous	62.8 ± 10.7		68.0 ± 15.3
Primiparous	56.9 ± 11.2		67.1 ± 15.5
Newborn’s hospitalization (days)		0.970^#		0.364^#
< 7 days	58.0 ± 13.2		69.3 ± 14.3
> 7 days < 15 days	58.27 ± 7.7		67.4 ± 16.1
> 15 days	59.4 ± 9.54		63.7 ± 14.4
Gestational Age at Birth		0.949^#		0.192^#
Extremely premature	59.17 ± 9.6		70.7 ± 13.3
Borderline premature	59.67 ± 13.2		69.0 ± 14.5
Moderately premature	58.7 ± 11.0		65.0 ± 16.6
Performed prenatal care		0.242*		0.671*
No	50.0 ± 11.3		67.6 ± 15.5
Yes	59.3 ± 11.1		68.3 ± 11.3
Guidance on baby care		0.158*		0.532*
No	58.1 ± 10.8		67.0 ± 11.3
Yes	60.3 ± 11.4		68.3 ± 15.5
Pregnancy group participation		0.503*		0.066*
No	58.8 ± 11.2		66.7 ± 15.5
Yes	60.7 ± 10.6		73.0 ± 13.8
Information source on baby care		0.131^#		0.374^#
Family members	60.8 ± 12.0		71.5 ± 13.2
Internet/Social networks	54.9 ± 10.0		65.8 ± 16.1
Health Unit/Health Professional	60.6 ± 9.7		66.8 ± 16.0
Received orientation on breastfeeding		0.330*		0.461*
No	58.2 ± 11.6		66.4 ± 15.2
Yes	60.2 ± 10.5		68.4 ± 15.3

		Self-efficacy	Material	Emotional	Information	Affective	Positive Social Interaction
Self-efficacy	Spearman's rho	–	0.204	0.275	0.271	0.273 ***	0.222	*
	p	–	0.025	0.002	0.003	0.003	0.015

Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira Rua dos Coelhos, 300. Boa Vista, 50070-550 Recife PE Brasil, Tel./Fax: +55 81 2122-4141 - Recife - PR - Brazil
E-mail: revista@imip.org.br

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[1] The authors approved the final version of the article and declare no conflict of interest.