Interventions for Strengthening General Self-Efficacy Beliefs in College Students: An Integrative Review

Gueroni, Lais Palotta Balderrama; Pompeo, Daniele Alcalá; Eid, Letícia Palota; Ferreira Júnior, Marcos Antonio; Sequeira, Carlos Alberto da Cruz; Lourenção, Luciano Garcia

doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2023-0192

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REVIEW • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 77 (1) • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2023-0192 copy

Interventions for Strengthening General Self-Efficacy Beliefs in College Students: An Integrative Review

Intervenciones para Fortalecer las Creencias de Autoeficacia General en Estudiantes Universitarios: Revisión Integrativa

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

To assess the evidence regarding the effectiveness of interventions aimed at strengthening self-efficacy beliefs in college students.

Methods:

Integrative Review conducted on the Lilacs, PubMed, CinahL, Cochrane Collaboration Databases, Scopus, and PsycInfo databases. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using tools proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute, and the results were analyzed descriptively.

Results:

Out of the 10 selected studies, six demonstrated that interventions aimed at strengthening self-efficacy were effective (Levels of Evidence II and III), and four revealed contrary results (Levels of Evidence I and II). Programs aimed at enhancing self-efficacy should include content on positive mental health, psychoeducation strategies, cover a period of eight to twelve weeks, and consider the completion of homework assignments.

Conclusion:

The synthesis of evidence pointed to pathways for building an effective self-efficacy strengthening program to be implemented in universities.

Descriptors:
Self Efficacy; Review; Health Promotion; Student Health; Students

Study	Objective	Intervention	Strategy/Content Covered	Quality
Brennan et al., 2016(¹⁸18 Brennan J, McGrady A, Lynch DJ, Schaefer P, Whearty K. A stress management program for higher risk medical students: preliminary findings. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2016;41(3):301-05. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-016-9333-1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-016-9333-... ) USA	Test a stress control and relaxation program in medical students.	Single group=42 In-person intervention conducted in 8 sessions by a physician and psychologist.	Strategy/Content Covered Psychoeducation on positive mental health. Behavioral strategies: muscle relaxation, breathing exercises, meditation, guided imagery. Homework exercises: yes.	LE: III JBI: 66,6% (MRB)
Guo et al, 2017(¹³13 Guo YF, Zhang X, Plummer V, Lam L, Cross W, Zhang JP. Positive psychotherapy for depression and self-efficacy in undergraduate nursing students: a randomized, controlled trial. Int J Ment Health Nurs. 2017;26(4):375-83. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12255 https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12255... ) China	Test a positive psychotherapy program in nursing students.	Intervention group=34 and Control group=42 In-person intervention conducted in subgroups of 10 to 12 participants, with 8 sessions of 1.5 hours per week, by a nurse.	Psychoeducation on positive mental health. Homework exercises: yes.	LE: II JBI: 69,2% (MRB)
Terp et al., 2019(¹⁹19 Terp U, Hjärthag F, Bisholt B. Effects of a cognitive behavioral-based stress management program on stress management competency, self-efficacy and self-esteem experienced by nursing students. Nurse Educ. 2019;44(1):E1-E5. https://doi.org/10.1097/NNE.0000000000000492 https://doi.org/10.1097/NNE.000000000000... ) Sweden	Test a stress management program in nursing students.	Intervention group=117 and Control group=44. In-person intervention conducted in 10 sessions of 2 hours per week, by a psychologist.	Cognitive-behavioral therapy and psychoeducation. Homework exercises: yes.	LE III JBI: 88,8% (LRB)
Brett et al., 2020(²⁰20 Brett C, Wang K, Lowe SR, White MA. Evaluation and durability of a curriculum-based intervention for promoting mental health among graduate students. Am J Health Educ. 2020;51(6):350-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/19325037.2020.1822240 https://doi.org/10.1080/19325037.2020.18... ) USA	Test a health promotion program in university students.	Single group=45. Online intervention, with 12 sessions, one access per week, by a psychologist.	Health education/psychoeducation. Homework exercises: yes.	LE III JBI: 66,6% (MRB)
Ribeiro et al., 2020(²¹21 Ribeiro RM, Bragiola JVB, Eid LP, Ribeiro RCHM, Sequeira CADC, Pompeo DA. Impact of an intervention through Facebook to strengthen Self-esteem in nursing students. Rev Latino-Am Enfermagem. 2020;28:e3237. https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.3215.3237 https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.3215.3... ) Brazil	Test a self-esteem strengthening program in nursing students.	Single group=74. Online intervention, with 10 sessions of 1 hour and 30 minutes, once a week, by a nurse.	Psychoeducation and persuasion. Homework exercises: yes.	LE III JBI: 55,5% (MRB)
Severian et al., 2021(²²22 Severian P, Melo H, Eid L, Gueroni L, Souza M, Pompeo D. Impact of psychoeducational intervention on nursing students’ perceived self-efficacy. Rev Enferm UERJ. 2021;29(1):e53845. https://doi.org/10.12957/reuerj.2021.53845 https://doi.org/10.12957/reuerj.2021.538... ) Brazil	Test a self-efficacy and self-esteem strengthening program in nursing students.	Single group=90. In-person intervention, with 10 sessions of 40 minutes each, once a week, by a nurse.	Psychoeducation and persuasion. Homework exercises: yes.	LE III JBI: 66,6% (MRB)

Study	Objective	Intervention	Strategy/Content Covered	Quality
Li et al., 2018(²³23 Li C, Yin H, Zhao J, Shang B, Hu M, Zhanget P, al. Interventions to promote mental health in nursing students: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Adv Nurs. 2018;74(12):2727-41. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13808 https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13808... ) China	Review the literature on mental health promotion interventions in nursing students.	Different proposals, with varying durations and formats, conducted by a healthcare team.	Psychotherapies and behavioral strategies (mindfulness, music therapy, and physical exercises), psychoeducation (stress reduction and positive mental health).	LE: I JBI: 90,9% (LRB)
Recabarren et al., 2019(²⁴24 Recabarren RE, Gaillard C, Guillod M, Martin-Soelch C. Short-Term effects of a multidimensional stress prevention program on quality of life, well-being and psychological resources: a randomized controlled trial. Front Psychiatr. 2019;10:88. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00088 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00088... ) Sweden	Test a stress management program in university students.	Intervention group=31 and Control group=32. In-person intervention conducted in groups of 8 students, with 8 sessions of 2 hours per week, by a psychologist.	Cognitive-behavioral therapy and behavioral strategies (mindfulness and skills training). Homework exercises: yes.	LE: II JBI: 69,2% (MRB)
Farrer et al., 2019(²⁵25 Farrer LM, Gulliver A, Katruss N, Fassnacht DB, Kyrios M, Batterham PJ. A novel multi-component online intervention to improve the mental health of university students: randomised controlled trial of the Uni Virtual Clinic. Internet Interv. 2019;18:100276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2019.100276 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2019.10... ) Australia	Test a mental health promotion program in university students	Intervention group=102 and Control group=98. Online intervention, over a period of 6 weeks, led by a psychologist.	Cognitive-behavioral therapy, psychoeducation, behavioral strategies (mindfulness, mindfulness, and skills training). Homework exercises: yes.	NE: II JBI: 76,9% (LRB)
Yang et al., 2020(²⁶26 Yang XH, Yu HJ, Liu MW, Zhang J, Tang BW, Yuan S, et al. The impact of a health education intervention on health behaviors and mental health among Chinese college students. J Am Coll Health. 2020;68(6):587-92. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2019.1583659 https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2019.15... ) China	. Test a program to improve health behaviors in university students.	Intervention group=263 and Control group=269. In-person intervention, conducted in 8 sessions of 2 hours per week, by a health instructor.	Health education (nutrition, sleep, physical exercises, stress reduction, and internet addiction prevention).	LE: II JBI: 61,5% (LRB)

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[1] Corresponding author: Daniele Alcalá Pompeo, E-mail: daniele.pompeo@famerp.br