School Gardens in the <i>Distrito Federal</i>, Brazil

Bernardon, Renata; Schmitz, Bethsáida De Abreu Soares; Recine, Elisabetta Gioconda Iole; Rodrigues, Maria De Lourdes Carlos Ferreirinha; Gabriel, Cristine Garcia

doi:10.1590/1415-52732014000200007

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Original Articles • Rev. Nutr. 27 (02) • Mar-Apr 2014 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1415-52732014000200007 copy

School Gardens in the Distrito Federal, Brazil¹ 1 Article based on the dissertation of the R BERNARDON intitled "Horta escolar no Distrito Federal: instrumento de promoção da alimentação saudável". Universidade de Brasília; 2011

Hortas escolares no Distrito Federal, Brasil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

OBJECTIVE:

The aim of the present study was to identify experiences with gardens in public schools in the Distrito Federal, Brazil, and to analyze factors involved in their use to promote healthy eating habits.

METHODS:

This is an analytical cross-sectional study with data collection in two phases: (1) telephone contact with all public schools in the Distrito Federal; (2) interviews conducted with a sample of schools with a garden (n=105).

RESULTS:

Of the 582 schools in the Distrito Federal, 453 (77.8%) participated in phase 1 and 37.7% of these had a garden. Rural schools had a higher prevalence of gardens (p=0.003). Among the schools which had no garden, 75.2% (n=212) had interest in creating one. The main reason for the deactivation of gardens was a lack of manpower to maintain them. The main reason for creating a garden was to supplement school food (56.2%). The garden was used as an educational space to promote healthy eating habits by 60.8% of the schools.

CONCLUSION:

An expressive percentage of schools with gardens (37.7%) was identified in the Distrito Federal. A number of factors were associated with the presence of a garden, including the location and size of the school, as well as the level of education. A significant percentage of schools reported using the garden as a space to promote healthy eating habits. This result must be refined by assessing the use and impact of gardens as a tool to promote healthy eating habits in the school community.

Food and nutrition education; Health promotion; Schools

Characteristics	Presence of a school garden at the time of the research
	Yes		No				Total		_p a
	n	%	n			%	n	%	_p a
Location
Urban Area	152	35.9	271			64.1	423	100.0	<0.003
Rural Area	19	63.3	11			36.7	30	100.0
Total	171	37.7	282			62.3	453	100.0
School Level
Pre-school	60	42.3	82			57.7	142	100.0	<0.181
Crèche	7	43.8	9			56.2	16	100.0	<0.614
Elementary School	136	37.5	227			62.5	363	100.0	<0.803
High School	13	21.3	48			78.7	61	100.0	<0.004
Others	42	36.8	72			63.2	114	100.0	<0.818
				Presence of a school garden prior to the research^b
Location
Urban Area	152	56.1	119			43.9	271	100.0
Rural Area	9	81.8	2			18.2	11	100.0	<0.091
Total	161	57.1	121			42.9	282	100.0
School Level
Pre-school	49	59.8	33			40.2	82	100.0	<0.563
Crèche	5	55.6	4			44.4	9	100.0	<0.925
Elementary School	136	59.9	91			40.1	227	100.0	<0.052
High School	25	52.1	23			47.9	48	100.0	<0.441
Others	41	56.9	31			43.1	72	100.0	<0.977
						Interest in creating a garden^b
Location
Urban Area	202	74.5	69			25.5	271	100.0
Rural Area	10	90.9	1			00.9	11	100.0	<0.218
Total	212	75.2	70			24.8	282	100.0
School Level
Pre-school	65	79.3	17			20.7	82	100.0	<0.309
Crèche	6	66.7	3			33.3	9	100.0	<0.548
Elementary School	188	82.8	39			17.2	227	100.0	<0.001
High School	33	68.7	15			31.3	48	100.0	<0.258
Others	48	66.7	24			33.3	72	100.0	<0.053
					Existence of plans to create a garden^b
Location
Urban Area	73	26.9	198			73.1	271	100.0
Rural Area	5	45.5	6			54.5	11	100.0	<0.178
Total	78	27.7	204			72.3	282	100.0
School Level
Pre-school	28	34.1	54			65.9	82	100.0	<0.119
Crèche	2	22.2	7			77.8	9	100.0	<0.711
Elementary School	74	32.6	153			67.4	227	100.0	<0.001
High School	11	22.9	37			77.1	48	100.0	<0.420
Others	19	26.4	53			73.6	72	100.0	<0.780

Non-cemented space^a			Green area of 1.20 m x 2 m^a				_p b
Non-cemented space^a	Yes		No		Total		_p b
Yes	57	20.2	91	32.3	148	52.5
No	98	34.8	36	36.0	134	47.5	<0.001
Total	155	55.0	127	45.0	282	100.0

Characteristics		Presence of a school garden at the time of the research
Yes				No		p ^a
	M	SD			M	p ^a	SD
Number
Students	,0745.0	530.6	1,036.0			791.1	<0.001
Teachers	00,35.2	025.8	0,043.1			033.1	<0.005
Staff	0,051.4	031.0	,0063.4			061.5	<0.020
Groups	0,025.9	016.9	0029.4			017.0	<0.033
		Presence of a school garden prior to the research^b
Number
Students	1,020.1	732.1	1,057.1			866.0	<0.698
Teachers	,0042.8	029.3	,0043.5			037.5	<0.875
Staff	0,061.8	034.4	,0065.7			085.8	<0.608
Groups	0,029.4	015.4	,0029.4			018.9	<0.973
			Presence of a school garden
Number
Students	0,745.0	530.6	1,020.1			732.1	<0.001
Teachers	0,035.2	025.8	,0042.8			029.4	<0.012
Staff	0,051.4	031.0	0,061.8			034.4	<0.005
Groups	0,025.9	016.9	,0029.4			015.4	<0.046
			Interest in creating a garden^b
Number
Students	0984.2	771.1	1,192.9			834.7	<0.067
Teachers	0,040.9	032.3	,0049.9			034.5	<0.049
Staff	0,066.1	068.0	00,55.0			032.4	<0.206
Groups	0,028.8	016.6	,0031.3			018.0	<0.309
			Existence of plans to create a garden^b
Number
Students	1,030.8	880.1	1,038.0			756.6	<0.945
Teachers	00,40.8	030.7	,0044.0			033.9	<0.478
Staff	00,61.4	037.1	,0064.2			068.8	<0.742
Groups	0,028.9	016.5	,0029.6			017.1	<0.780

Variables	Exp(ß)^a	CI (95%) for Exp(ß)		p ^b	Influence
Variables	Exp(ß)^a	Inferior	Superior	p ^b	Influence
Location: rural	2,350	1,082	5,104	0.031	Positive
Quantity of students (in units of 100)	0,940	0,922	0,959	<0.001	Negative

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[1] CONTRIBUTORS All authors contributed to the conception and development of the study, data analysis, wording and revision of the final version.

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School Gardens in the Distrito Federal, Brazil1 1 Article based on the dissertation of the R BERNARDON intitled "Horta escolar no Distrito Federal: instrumento de promoção da alimentação saudável". Universidade de Brasília; 2011

Hortas escolares no Distrito Federal, Brasil

OBJECTIVE:

METHODS:

RESULTS:

CONCLUSION:

School Gardens in the Distrito Federal, Brazil¹ 1 Article based on the dissertation of the R BERNARDON intitled "Horta escolar no Distrito Federal: instrumento de promoção da alimentação saudável". Universidade de Brasília; 2011